APWH Modern Unit 9 Overview

Jim Rhoades
27 Mar 202117:17
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis video script explores the impact of science and technology on globalization from 1900 to the present. It delves into technological advancements in communication and transportation, economic theories, and the rise of multinational corporations. It also addresses cultural globalization, the spread of diseases, environmental changes, and the emergence of new international organizations. The script encourages analyzing the extent to which these developments have been driven by science and technology, highlighting key changes and continuities in various aspects of global life.

Takeaways
  • 🌐 The central theme of Unit 9 is globalization and its impact from 1900 to the present, focusing on the role of science and technology in driving change.
  • 🔬 Science and technology are examined as both causative agents of change and as part of a continuity and change question, highlighting their influence on various aspects of society.
  • 📈 The script discusses the significant increase in fossil fuel consumption over the past 50 years, indicating the reliance on these energy sources and their environmental impact.
  • 🌱 The Green Revolution is highlighted as a key development that addressed the gap between population growth and food production, contributing to population growth and its associated challenges.
  • 💊 Advancements in medicine, such as antibiotics and vaccines, have increased life expectancy, while access to birth control has influenced demographic trends.
  • 📊 The script presents a dichotomy in disease prevalence between wealthier and poorer countries, with the former experiencing diseases of longevity and the latter, preventable diseases.
  • 🌿 Environmental changes due to population growth and globalization include deforestation, desert expansion, declining air quality, and the rise of climate change due to greenhouse gases.
  • 💼 Economic liberalization and the reduction of government regulation have facilitated international trade, leading to the growth of multinational corporations and a knowledge economy in some countries.
  • 🌍 The globalization of culture has been met with both international cooperation and resistance, reflecting the balance between global interconnectedness and cultural identity.
  • 🏛️ Resistance to globalization is driven by concerns over income inequality, working conditions, environmental damage, and the dominance of Western culture, leading to movements and protests.
  • 🕊️ The emergence of new international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, reflects the shift in global interactions, aiming to protect human rights and address global issues.
Q & A

  • What is the essential question for Unit 9 focusing on globalization?

    -The essential question for Unit 9 is to what extent did science and technology bring change from 1900 to the present.

  • How does the script categorize the question about science and technology's impact on change?

    -The script suggests the question could be viewed as one of continuity and change, as well as a causation question, due to the use of the word 'bring' implying that changes were caused by science and technology.

  • What technological advancements are mentioned in the script that have contributed to globalization?

    -The script mentions advancements in communication like radio, cell phones, and the internet, as well as improvements in transportation such as shipping containers, air cargo, and the use of fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy.

  • What is the Green Revolution mentioned in the script, and how did it impact population growth?

    -The Green Revolution refers to the period when agricultural production was revolutionized to sustain the increasing global population, preventing famine and leading to population growth.

  • How has the script described the impact of medical advancements on human lifespans?

    -The script describes that medical advancements such as antibiotics and vaccines have increased human lifespans, and the increased access to birth control has impacted demographic trends.

  • What is the connection between globalization and the spread of diseases as mentioned in the script?

    -The script indicates that as the world becomes more interconnected due to globalization, diseases can spread more quickly, as seen with the influenza pandemic in 1918 and more recently with the COVID-19 pandemic.

  • What economic theory supports globalization according to the script?

    -The script discusses liberalism in economic theory, which advocates for less government regulation and free market policies, as a support for globalization.

  • How does the script describe the shift in manufacturing due to free trade policies?

    -The script explains that free trade policies encourage corporations to move their manufacturing to countries or regions with lower labor costs, leading to a knowledge economy in some countries like Finland and Japan.

  • What are some of the social reforms and movements mentioned in the script that have emerged due to globalization?

    -The script mentions a new expectation for global human rights, a global feminist movement, culturally based movements like the Negritude movement in West Africa, liberation theology in the Catholic Church, and the environmental movement.

  • How does the script address the cultural impact of globalization?

    -The script addresses cultural globalization by discussing the dominance of Western, particularly American culture, the spread of consumer and popular culture, and the increasing disillusionment due to political and social uncertainties.

  • What forms of resistance to globalization are mentioned in the script, and why do they occur?

    -The script mentions citizen protests against free trade policies, calls for debt relief and fair trade, and the use of social media for coordinating resistance. These forms of resistance occur due to concerns about income inequality, working conditions, environmental damage, and the influence of Western culture.

  • How does the script discuss the role of international organizations in the context of globalization?

    -The script discusses the role of international organizations such as the United Nations in peacekeeping missions and human rights protection, as well as non-government organizations like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Red Cross, and Doctors Without Borders in promoting free trade policies and providing humanitarian aid.

Outlines
00:00
🌐 Globalization and Technological Advancements

This paragraph introduces Unit 9's essential question on the extent of change brought by science and technology from 1900 to the present. It discusses the impact of scientific and technological advancements on globalization, including communication technologies like radio, cell phones, and the internet, as well as transportation improvements like shipping containers and air cargo. The paragraph also touches on the environmental effects of increased fossil fuel consumption and the subsequent rise in nuclear and renewable energy. The green revolution's role in food production to sustain a growing population and medical advancements that have increased life expectancy are also highlighted.

05:03
📈 Economic and Environmental Consequences of Globalization

The second paragraph delves into the economic theory behind globalization, emphasizing liberalism and free trade policies adopted by various countries that led to the growth of multinational corporations. It discusses the knowledge economy emerging in countries like Finland and Japan, where manufacturing shifts to regions with lower labor costs. The paragraph also addresses environmental changes due to globalization, such as deforestation, desert expansion, declining air quality, and the reduction in fresh water per capita. It highlights the increase in CO2 emissions and the advent of climate change, as well as the urbanization and industrialization contributing to these environmental issues.

10:04
🌱 Cultural and Social Shifts in the Era of Globalization

Paragraph 3 examines the cultural and social impacts of globalization, including the spread of disillusionment due to political events and the dominance of Western, particularly American, culture globally. It discusses the increasing influence of English as a spoken language and the globalization of consumer and popular culture, exemplified by Hollywood, Bollywood, anime, reggae, and K-pop. The paragraph also notes the popularity of global sports events like the World Cup compared to the Super Bowl, indicating a significant cultural shift towards global interconnectedness.

15:05
🚫 Resistance and Reform in the Face of Globalization

The fourth paragraph addresses the resistance to globalization, starting with the issue of income inequality and the concentration of wealth among a small percentage of the world's population. It discusses the concerns about working conditions and environmental damage due to globalization. The paragraph outlines various forms of resistance, such as the protests against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in 1999, calls for debt relief and fair trade, and the use of social media for activism. It also covers new international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, that have emerged in response to the challenges of globalization, focusing on peacekeeping, human rights protection, and humanitarian aid.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Globalization
Globalization refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and culture. In the video, globalization is a central theme, discussed in the context of economic, cultural, and technological integration. For example, the script mentions the role of technology in facilitating international business and the impact of globalization on disease spread and environmental changes.
💡Science and Technology
Science and technology are the systematic and practical applications of knowledge that drive innovation and change in society. The script explores how advancements in these fields have brought about significant changes from 1900 to the present, particularly in the areas of communication, transportation, and energy production, which in turn have influenced globalization.
💡Economic Concerns
Economic concerns encompass the various issues that affect the economy, such as trade, growth, and inequality. The video discusses the economic driving force behind globalization and the impact of liberal economic theory, which advocates for less government regulation and free trade, leading to the rise of multinational corporations and a knowledge economy.
💡Cultural Globalization
Cultural globalization is the spread of cultural practices, ideas, and products from one region to another, leading to a more homogenized global culture. The script touches on the resistance to cultural globalization and the dominance of Western, particularly American, culture in shaping global cultural trends.
💡Environmental Impact
Environmental impact refers to the effects of human activities on the natural environment. The video script highlights the environmental consequences of globalization, such as the increase in fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, desert expansion, and climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions.
💡Green Revolution
The Green Revolution denotes a series of agricultural innovations aimed at increasing food production to sustain a growing global population. The script mentions the Green Revolution in the context of closing the gap between population growth and food production, thus preventing potential famines.
💡Medical Advancements
Medical advancements are developments in the field of healthcare that improve treatments, diagnostics, and overall health outcomes. The video discusses the impact of antibiotics, vaccines, and birth control on increasing life spans and demographic trends, which are significant factors in the changes brought about by science and technology.
💡Income Inequality
Income inequality is the uneven distribution of individual or household income within a population. The script presents income inequality as a growing concern during the period of globalization, illustrating the vast disparity between the wealthiest and the majority of the population.
💡International Organizations
International organizations are bodies that operate across national borders, often with the aim of promoting cooperation and coordination among countries. The video script discusses the role of such organizations, including the United Nations and NGOs, in shaping international interactions and addressing global issues.
💡Liberalism
In the context of economic theory, liberalism refers to the advocacy for free markets with minimal government intervention. The script explains how the adoption of liberal economic policies, such as reducing tariffs and promoting free trade, has been a key factor in the economic aspects of globalization.
💡Knowledge Economy
A knowledge economy is an economic system focused on the production, distribution, and use of knowledge and information. The script describes how certain countries, like Finland and Japan, have transitioned towards a knowledge economy, emphasizing intellectual services over traditional manufacturing.
Highlights

Essential question: To what extent did science and technology bring change from 1900 to the present.

Discussion of the types of questions and keywords relevant to the unit's essential question.

Technology advancements: Radio, cell phone, internet, and their impact on globalization and communication.

Transportation advancements: Shipping containers, air cargo, and their role in globalization and economic efficiency.

Energy advancements: Fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and their environmental impacts.

Green Revolution: Increased agricultural production to prevent famine and sustain global population growth.

Medical advancements: Antibiotics, vaccines, and birth control improving lifespan and demographic trends.

Diseases in the modern era: Differences between diseases associated with poverty and those with longer life spans.

Impact of globalization on disease spread: Examples include influenza pandemic of 1918 and COVID-19 pandemic.

Environmental changes: Urbanization, deforestation, air pollution, and water consumption trends.

Economic theories: Liberalism and its impact on global trade, free trade organizations like NAFTA.

Global human rights movements: UN Declaration of Human Rights and global feminist movements.

Cultural globalization: Dominance of Western culture, global spread of consumer and popular culture.

Resistance to globalization: Income inequality, working conditions, environmental damage, and political resistance.

New international organizations: United Nations' peacekeeping missions, NGOs like World Bank and Doctors Without Borders.

Economic and cultural shifts: Knowledge economies, growth of multinational corporations, and cultural globalization.

Transcripts

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GlobalizationTechnologyAdvancementsEconomicsHealthCultureEnvironmentalGlobal TradeHuman RightsEconomic Theory