8 | FRQ (Question 3: Paragraph Argument Short Answer) | Practice Sessions | AP Physics 1

Advanced Placement

24 Apr 202311:45

EducationalLearning

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TLDRJoe Mancino from Glastonbury High School discusses a 2018 AP Physics 1 exam question involving a block oscillating on a frictionless surface attached to a spring. A second block, twice as heavy, is dropped onto the first block, causing them to stick together and oscillate with a new period and amplitude. Mancino explains how to determine the new period using the spring's period formula and discusses the change in amplitude by applying principles of momentum and energy conservation. He emphasizes the importance of using good physics reasoning and evidence from the question to answer such paragraph-length response questions effectively.

Takeaways

📚 The video is an AP Physics 1 practice session focusing on paragraph-length response questions, using a 2018 exam question as an example.
🔍 The problem involves a block (P) oscillating on a frictionless surface attached to a spring, and a second block (Q) dropped onto it, causing them to stick together and oscillate as a system.
🤔 The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the meaning of 'determine' in the context of the exam, which requires a brief and focused answer without extensive calculations.
📈 The period of oscillation after the collision (T PQ) can be calculated using the formula 2π times the square root of the total mass (3m) divided by the spring constant (k).
🔄 The video highlights that momentum is conserved during the collision, but mechanical energy is not, leading to a loss of energy and a decrease in amplitude for the two-block system.
🌟 The amplitude of oscillation for the combined system (A PQ) is expected to be less than the original amplitude of block P (A P) due to the loss of mechanical energy during the collision.
📝 When answering paragraph-length response questions, the video advises using clear, coherent reasoning, supported by physics principles, and checking the answer against provided checkboxes.
🚫 The video warns against using blank lines in the answer, indicating that checkboxes should be used to confirm the answer after reasoning through the problem.
🎯 The key to solving such problems is linking relevant physics principles (like conservation of momentum and energy loss in collisions) to the specific situation described in the question.
📊 The video encourages the use of bullet points for easier writing and reading, and stresses the importance of double-checking the response for clarity and completeness.
💡 For further practice, the video suggests reviewing other released exams from AP Central, where the full 2018 exam, including the discussed question, can be found.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the explanation and analysis of a paragraph-length response question from the 2018 AP Physics 1 exam, focusing on the oscillation of two blocks attached to a spring.
Who is the speaker in the video?
-The speaker in the video is Joe Mancino from Glastonbury High School in Connecticut.
What are the key components shown in the diagram at the beginning of the video?
-The key components shown in the diagram are two blocks labeled P and Q, a spring connecting block P, and zip ribbons indicating motion.
How does block P oscillate before the collision with block Q?
-Block P oscillates with a period T_p and amplitude A_p on a horizontal, frictionless surface around the spring's equilibrium position at x_0.
What happens when block Q is dropped on block P?
-Block Q, which is twice as heavy as block P, is dropped from rest and lands on block P at the instant P passes through the equilibrium position, causing them to stick together.
What is the new period of the two-block system after the collision?
-The new period of the two-block system after the collision is T_PQ, which can be calculated using the formula for the period of an oscillating spring with the total mass (3m) and spring constant (k).
How does the amplitude of the two-block system compare to the original amplitude of block P?
-The amplitude of the two-block system (A_PQ) will be less than the original amplitude of block P (A_p) because mechanical energy is not conserved in the sticky collision, resulting in a loss of energy and a decrease in amplitude.
What physics principles are important to consider when analyzing the collision of the two blocks?
-Momentum conservation and the non-conservation of mechanical energy in a sticky collision are important principles to consider when analyzing the collision.
How does the video emphasize the importance of good physics reasoning in answering the question?
-The video emphasizes the importance of good physics reasoning by encouraging the use of relevant physics principles, logical reasoning, and evidence from the question to construct a clear and concise paragraph-length response.
What is the advice given for writing a paragraph-length response in the AP Physics exam?
-The advice given is to use good physics reasoning, follow a logical structure, utilize evidence from the question, and answer the question directly without necessarily needing full sentences or paragraphs. Bullet points are encouraged for clarity and ease of reading.
How can one verify that they have answered the question correctly?
-To verify a correct answer, one should check if they have used good physics reasoning, mentioned relevant details from the question, and made a clear claim or answer to the question asked. It is also advised to review the response for clarity and completeness.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to AP Physics 1 Question Analysis

This paragraph introduces Joe Mancino, a teacher from Glastonbury High School, who is going to analyze a paragraph-length response question from the 2018 AP Physics 1 exam. The question involves a scenario where two blocks, P and Q, are involved in a collision on a frictionless surface. Block P is oscillating with a known period (Tp) and amplitude (Ap), and block Q, which is twice as heavy, is dropped onto block P at the equilibrium position. The task is to determine the new period (TpQ) and compare it with the original period (Tp), as well as to compare the new amplitude (ApQ) with the original amplitude (Ap) of block P.

05:01

🤔 Understanding the Problem and Determining the Period Ratio

In this paragraph, the focus is on understanding the physics principles involved in the problem. The analysis begins with a clear description of the situation: block P is oscillating, and block Q is dropped onto it, causing them to stick together and oscillate as a single system. The explanation emphasizes the importance of understanding the conservation of momentum and the loss of mechanical energy during a sticky collision. The summary provides a step-by-step approach to solving the problem, including the use of the period formula for an oscillating spring and the calculation of the new period (TpQ) in relation to the original period (Tp). It also touches on the concept of energy conservation and how it affects the amplitude of oscillation.

10:04

📈 Analyzing Amplitude Change After Collision

This paragraph delves into the analysis of how the amplitude of oscillation changes after the collision. It starts by discussing the need to consider both momentum and energy principles. The explanation highlights that momentum is conserved during the collision, leading to a decrease in the velocity of the combined mass. Furthermore, it is emphasized that mechanical energy is not conserved in a sticky collision, resulting in a loss of energy and, consequently, a decrease in the amplitude of the oscillation. The summary ties together the concepts of momentum, energy conservation, and the relationship between the energy stored in the spring and the amplitude. It concludes with a reminder to check the boxes corresponding to the conclusions drawn and to ensure that the response is complete and well-reasoned.

🎓 Tips for Crafting a Paragraph-Length Response

The final paragraph provides guidance on how to approach paragraph-length response questions. It explains that such responses should be based on good physics reasoning and should logically follow the evidence provided in the question. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of using bullet points and clear, concise language to convey the ideas effectively. It also offers advice on how to ensure that the response fully answers the question, including checking back to make sure that all aspects of the question have been addressed. The summary concludes with encouragement for students to practice this type of response and to utilize additional resources such as released exams from AP Central.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡AP Physics 1

AP Physics 1 is an advanced placement course that introduces students to the fundamental concepts and principles of physics. In the video, Joe Mancino uses this context to frame his discussion about a specific problem related to oscillations and collisions, which is a topic covered in the curriculum.

💡Paragraph-Length Response Question

A paragraph-length response question is a type of question found on exams like the AP Physics 1, where students are required to provide a detailed answer that demonstrates their understanding of a concept. These responses should be well-reasoned, supported by evidence from the question, and may include diagrams or equations.

💡Oscillation

Oscillation refers to the repetitive motion of an object around an equilibrium position. In the context of the video, block P oscillates on a frictionless surface attached to a spring, and the properties of this oscillation are central to the problem being discussed.

💡Spring Constant (k)

The spring constant, denoted as 'k', is a measure of the stiffness of a spring. It determines the force exerted by the spring for a given displacement and is a key factor in calculating the period of oscillation for a spring-mass system.

💡Collision

A collision occurs when two or more objects interact with each other, often involving a transfer of momentum and energy. In the video, a heavy block (Q) is dropped onto a moving block (P), resulting in a collision that changes their motion.

💡Momentum

Momentum is a vector quantity that represents the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a conserved quantity in the absence of external forces, meaning that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant before and after a collision.

💡Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a mechanical system. Unlike momentum, mechanical energy is not necessarily conserved in a collision, especially if the collision is inelastic or sticky, leading to some energy being transformed into other forms like heat or sound.

💡Amplitude

Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of an object from its equilibrium position in an oscillating system. It is a measure of the energy involved in the oscillation and can change due to external influences like collisions.

💡Period

The period of an oscillating system is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the motion. It is an important parameter that describes the frequency of the oscillation and is influenced by the properties of the system, such as mass and spring constant.

💡Energy Conservation

Energy conservation is a fundamental principle of physics stating that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant. However, in the context of the video, it's important to note that while momentum is conserved in the collision, mechanical energy is not due to the inelastic nature of the collision.

💡Bullet Points

Bullet points are concise statements used to organize and present information in a clear and structured manner. In the context of the video, bullet points are suggested as an effective way to structure a paragraph-length response, making it easier to read and understand.

Highlights

Joe Mancino introduces the AP Daily Practice Sessions for AP Physics 1 and focuses on a paragraph-length response question from the 2018 exam.

The question involves a block P oscillating on a frictionless surface attached to a spring and another block Q dropped onto it.

Block P has mass m, oscillates with period Tp and amplitude Ap, and block Q has mass 2m.

After block Q lands on block P, they stick together and oscillate with a new period Tpq and amplitude Apq.

Part A of the question asks to determine the ratio of Tpq to Tp, focusing on the concept of determining a numerical value.

The period of oscillation for a spring is given by 2π times the square root of the mass divided by the spring constant.

The total mass after the collision is 3m, and the spring constant remains k.

Part B asks to compare the amplitude of oscillation for the two-block system with the original amplitude of block P alone.

The paragraph-length response should use good physics reasoning and may contain diagrams and/or equations.

Momentum is conserved when block Q sticks to block P, and the increased mass results in a slower velocity.

Mechanical energy is not conserved in a sticky collision, which means energy is lost.

The energy stored in a spring at maximum compression is given by 1/2 times the spring constant times the amplitude squared.

The system slows down after the collision, and due to energy loss, the amplitude will be less.

The paragraph-length response should include physics principles, relevant details from the question, and a clear claim or answer.

Bullet points are acceptable and make the response easier to write and read.

Joe Mancino encourages students to check their responses against the criteria of good physics reasoning, relevant details, and a clear claim.

For more resources, students are advised to check out the released exams at AP Central.

The transcript provides a comprehensive guide on tackling paragraph-length response questions in AP Physics 1.

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Takeaways

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

Who is the speaker in the video?

What are the key components shown in the diagram at the beginning of the video?

How does block P oscillate before the collision with block Q?

What happens when block Q is dropped on block P?

What is the new period of the two-block system after the collision?

How does the amplitude of the two-block system compare to the original amplitude of block P?

What physics principles are important to consider when analyzing the collision of the two blocks?

How does the video emphasize the importance of good physics reasoning in answering the question?

What is the advice given for writing a paragraph-length response in the AP Physics exam?

How can one verify that they have answered the question correctly?