impulse examples///Homemade Science with Bruce Yeany
TLDRIn the video script, Bruce Yani explores the concept of impulse, which is the change in momentum resulting from the application of a force over time. He illustrates this principle through three engaging and educational experiments. First, he demonstrates how altering the length of a baseball pitcher's throwing motion affects the ball's velocity. Second, he compares the impact of dropping an egg from a height versus catching it in a sheet, highlighting the difference between sudden deceleration and a longer, slower deceleration. Lastly, he uses a paper tube as a blow gun to show how the length of the tube (and thus the time force is applied) affects the distance a dart travels. These experiments effectively convey the idea that both the magnitude of force and the duration of its application are crucial in determining the outcome of an impulse.
Takeaways
- 📚 Impulse is defined as the change in momentum of an object, which depends on the force applied and the time over which it is applied.
- ⚽️ When pitching a baseball, the length of the arm's movement (impulse) affects the speed at which the ball is thrown.
- 🧱 Reducing the length of the impulse, such as by having a person throw a ball while standing against a wall, results in a slower ball speed due to less time to apply force.
- 🚫 Limiting the arm's movement even further, as by holding the hand in place, significantly reduces the impulse and the velocity of the thrown object.
- 🥚 The concept of impulse is also demonstrated with an egg and a sheet, showing that a longer duration of force application (the sheet catching the egg) results in less force and prevents the egg from breaking, compared to a short, sudden deceleration (the egg hitting the ground).
- 📉 A sudden deceleration, like an egg hitting the floor, applies a large force over a very short time, which is why the egg breaks.
- 🌬️ A paper tube can be used to demonstrate impulse by using it as a blow gun to launch darts or mini marshmallows; the length of the tube affects the distance the projectile travels.
- ✂️ Cutting the paper tube shorter incrementally reduces the distance the dart travels, illustrating the relationship between the length of the impulse and the force applied.
- 🔍 The longer the impulse (time over which the force is applied), the less force is applied, which can prevent breakage or damage in certain scenarios.
- 🎓 These demonstrations are educational, engaging, and help students understand the concept of impulse through hands-on experiments.
- 📈 The experiments with the baseball, egg, and paper tube provide concrete examples of how impulse affects the motion and outcome of different scenarios.
Q & A
What is the concept of impulse in physics?
-Impulse in physics is the change in momentum of an object. It depends on two factors: the force applied and the time over which the force is applied. Both factors determine the velocity of an object.
How does the length of the impulse affect the speed of a pitched baseball?
-The length of the impulse affects the speed of a pitched baseball by determining the time over which the force is applied. A longer impulse allows for more acceleration and results in a faster ball speed.
What happens when the impulse is cut in half during a baseball throw?
-When the impulse is cut in half, the time during which the force is applied is reduced. This results in a shorter acceleration time and a slower ball speed.
How does standing against a wall affect the impulse of a baseball throw?
-Standing against a wall restricts the throwing motion, effectively reducing the length of the impulse. This limits the acceleration and results in a lower velocity of the thrown ball.
What is the difference between the impulse of an egg being thrown into a sheet and an egg dropped from a height?
-The difference lies in the time over which the force is applied. When dropped, the egg experiences a sudden deceleration with a very quick impulse, leading to a high force that breaks the egg. When thrown into a sheet, the egg is slowed over a longer distance and time, reducing the force and preventing the egg from breaking.
How does the distance a dart travels in a blowgun experiment relate to the length of the tube?
-The distance a dart travels is directly related to the length of the tube. A longer tube allows for a longer impulse (more time for force to be applied), which results in the dart traveling further. Cutting the tube shortens the impulse and reduces the distance the dart can travel.
What is the role of the wooden dowel in rolling a paper tube?
-The wooden dowel serves as a guide to help roll the paper into a long, narrow tube more easily and uniformly.
Why are mini marshmallows an alternative to rubber darts in the blowgun experiment?
-Mini marshmallows can be used as an alternative to rubber darts because they are lightweight and can be propelled by the air pressure created by blowing into the tube, making them suitable for demonstrating the concept of impulse.
How does the concept of impulse relate to the force and time in real-world scenarios?
-In real-world scenarios, impulse helps explain why a shorter time of impact (less time) results in a higher force (like in the egg drop scenario), and why a longer time of impact (more time) results in a lower force (as when the egg is caught by the sheet).
What is the educational value of the experiments demonstrated in the script?
-The experiments are designed to be easy and fun, allowing students to understand and visualize the concept of impulse. They offer hands-on experience and help students grasp the principles of physics related to force and time.
Why are the experiments with the baseball, egg, and paper tube effective for teaching the idea of impulse?
-These experiments are effective because they provide clear visual demonstrations of how impulse affects the motion of objects. They involve everyday objects and situations, making the concept of impulse relatable and understandable for students.
Outlines
🏃 Impulse in Baseball Pitching
Bruce Yani introduces the concept of impulse, which is a change in momentum dependent on the force applied and the time over which it is applied. He demonstrates this by having a student throw a baseball as fast as possible, showing the acceleration from the start of the throw to the release. The length of the impulse is the distance from the start to the end of the throw. To illustrate the effect of reducing the impulse, Yani has the student throw against a wall, limiting the distance and thus the time, resulting in a slower ball speed. Further, he suggests a scenario where a student's throw is restricted even more, reducing the impulse and the velocity of the ball.
🥚 Impulse and Egg Dropping
Yani presents a second example of impulse using an egg and a sheet. Two students hold the sheet in the air, and another student attempts to break an egg by throwing it into the sheet. The egg does not break, illustrating the concept of a longer impulse time as the sheet moves backward, spreading out the force over a larger distance and time, thus reducing the force experienced by the egg. In contrast, if the egg were dropped from a height and hit the ground, it would experience a sudden deceleration with a high force due to the short impulse time, likely resulting in the egg breaking.
📜 Impulse with a Paper Dart
The third example involves a paper tube and a wooden dowel to create a blow gun. Yani demonstrates the effect of impulse by placing a rubber dart into the tube and blowing it parallel to the ground. He then alters the experiment by cutting off pieces of the tube after each trial, reducing the length of the impulse. As the tube gets shorter, the distance the dart travels decreases, showing that the length of the tube (and thus the time the force is applied) directly impacts the dart's velocity and distance traveled. This hands-on experiment is designed to be engaging and educational for students to understand the principles of impulse.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Impulse
💡Momentum
💡Force
💡Time
💡Velocity
💡Acceleration
💡Deceleration
💡Sheet
💡Egg
💡Paper Tube
💡Blow Gun
Highlights
Impulsive is defined as a change in momentum, dependent on the force applied and the time over which it is applied.
An impulse can either accelerate or decelerate an object's velocity.
Demonstrating impulse by pitching a baseball, where the length of the arm's movement (impulse) affects the ball's speed.
Cutting the impulse in half by having a student throw a ball against a wall, resulting in slower ball velocity.
Further reduction of impulse by limiting the student's arm movement shows a significant decrease in the ball's velocity due to shortened application time of force.
Second example involves demonstrating impulse with an egg and a sheet, where the egg is thrown into the sheet without breaking.
Contrasting the egg experiment with dropping the egg from a height, resulting in a sudden deceleration and breakage due to a quick impulse.
The difference in outcomes for the egg experiment is attributed to the time over which the force is applied.
Third example uses a paper tube as a blow gun to demonstrate impulse by blowing darts.
The distance a dart travels is directly impacted by the length of the tube (impulse) and the time force is applied.
By progressively shortening the tube, the darts' travel distance decreases, effectively showing the concept of impulse.
These demonstrations are engaging, easy to understand, and allow students to see and try the principles of impulse for themselves.
The experiments are designed to be fun and educational, enhancing the understanding of the concept of impulse.
Bruce Yani emphasizes the importance of practical application in teaching the concept of impulse.
The experiments are accessible, using everyday items like baseballs, eggs, sheets, and paper tubes.
The concept of impulse is fundamental to understanding changes in the motion of objects.
The demonstrations effectively bridge the gap between theoretical physics and observable, tangible results.
Students are encouraged to participate actively, which aids in their comprehension of the underlying physics.
The use of a variety of examples ensures that the concept of impulse is explored from multiple perspectives.
Transcripts
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