How To Make a Histogram Using a Frequency Distribution Table

The Organic Chemistry Tutor
13 Jan 201911:16
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video tutorial guides viewers through the process of creating a histogram using test scores data. It begins with constructing a frequency distribution table, categorizing scores into ranges of 10, and noting the frequency of scores within each range. The video explains how to plot these frequencies on a histogram, where bars are adjacent to each other, illustrating the distribution of student grades. It also discusses how to interpret the histogram, identifying the data's skewness and the mode. Further, it challenges viewers with questions to answer using the histogram, enhancing understanding of data representation and analysis. This educational content empowers students to effectively visualize and analyze data distributions.

Takeaways
  • ๐Ÿ˜€ The video explains how to create a histogram from a dataset using a frequency distribution table
  • ๐Ÿ“Š A histogram visually represents data using bars - the bars are attached to each other with no spaces between them
  • ๐Ÿ“ˆ The independent variable (test scores) are on the x-axis and the dependent variable (frequencies) are on the y-axis
  • ๐Ÿ“‰ The data in the example is skewed left, with a long tail on the left side
  • ๐Ÿ”ข The mode is the range with the highest frequency (80-89 in this case)
  • i๏ธ You can answer questions about data just using the histogram with no other information
  • โ“ Examples of questions are: number of students scoring below/above a threshold
  • โ“ Number of students in a given score range
  • ๐Ÿ“Š The frequency distribution table summarizes the data ranges and frequencies
  • ๐Ÿ“ˆ You can construct a histogram once the frequency distribution table is created
Q & A
  • What are the two columns in a frequency distribution table?

    -The two columns in a frequency distribution table are the grades/score ranges and the frequencies. The grade/score ranges are the independent variables and the frequencies are the dependent variables.

  • How do you determine the class width for grouping scores in a frequency distribution?

    -For test scores, it is common to group them into ranges of 10. So the class width would be 10 points.

  • What are some typical grade ranges used in the U.S. education system?

    -60-69 is usually a D, 70-79 a C, 80-89 a B, and 90-100 an A. Below 60 is an F.

  • What are the steps to construct a histogram from a frequency distribution table?

    -Plot the score ranges on the x-axis and the frequencies on the y-axis. Then draw rectangular bars with widths equal to the class width and heights equal to the frequencies.

  • How can you identify if data is symmetric, skewed left, or skewed right from a histogram?

    -If the histogram is symmetrical and bell-shaped, the data is symmetric. If there is a long tail on the left side, it is skewed left. If there is a long tail on the right side, it is skewed right.

  • What is the mode of a data set represented in a histogram?

    -The mode is the score range with the highest frequency. It corresponds to the tallest bar in the histogram.

  • How do you interpret the phrase 'at most' in a question about histogram data?

    -'At most' means the maximum allowed value. So for a score 'at most 69', the score must be less than or equal to 69.

  • How do you interpret the phrase 'at least' in a question about histogram data?

    -'At least' means the minimum required value. So for a score 'at least 80', the score must be greater than or equal to 80.

  • What does 'inclusive' mean when specifying a score range for a histogram question?

    -When a range is 'inclusive', it means to include the end points. So 'between 60 and 90, inclusive' means to include scores of 60 and scores of 90 in the range.

  • What are the main benefits of using histograms over other data visualizations?

    -Histograms are useful for visualizing the distribution and frequency of numeric data. They show overall patterns and skewness not visible in raw data. They are also easy to construct from frequency tables.

Outlines
00:00
๐Ÿ˜ƒ Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table and Histogram

This paragraph explains how to construct a frequency distribution table and histogram using test score data. It discusses setting up a table with grade ranges and frequencies, determining the frequency or number of students that scored within each range, and then using the table to plot the histogram with grades on the x-axis and frequencies on the y-axis.

05:00
๐Ÿ˜Š Analyzing the Shape and Mode of the Histogram

This paragraph analyzes the shape and mode of the constructed histogram. It identifies that the histogram is skewed left or has a negative skew based on the long tail on the left side. It also determines that the mode or most frequent grade range is 80-89.

10:02
๐Ÿ“ Answering Questions Using the Histogram

This paragraph demonstrates how to answer questions using the histogram data only. It goes through examples of questions involving determining the number of students scoring at most, at least, or within a certain grade range on the exam. It explains how to analyze the histogram to find the frequencies within the relevant ranges to answer the questions.

Mindmap
Keywords
๐Ÿ’กhistogram
A histogram is a graphical representation of data that groups values into ranges or bins and shows the frequency or count of items in each bin. In the video, a histogram is constructed to visualize the distribution of test scores, with the score ranges on the x-axis and frequencies on the y-axis. This allows analysis of the overall shape and skewness of the score distribution.
๐Ÿ’กfrequency distribution
A frequency distribution shows the number of occurrences of different values in a dataset. In the video, a frequency distribution table is constructed with score ranges as columns and frequencies as rows. This summarizes the test score data and allows creation of the histogram.
๐Ÿ’กclass width
Class width refers to the size of each range or bin in the histogram. In the video, a class width of 10 is used to group the scores (40-49, 50-59, etc). Class width impacts the level of detail visible in the histogram.
๐Ÿ’กx-axis
The x-axis is the horizontal axis in a graph. In the histogram, the test score ranges are plotted along the x-axis as the independent variable.
๐Ÿ’กy-axis
The y-axis is the vertical axis in a graph. In the histogram, the frequencies are plotted along the y-axis as the dependent variable.
๐Ÿ’กskewness
Skewness refers to asymmetry in a distribution. The histogram is said to have negative or left skew because it has a long tail on the left side, indicating more low scores.
๐Ÿ’กmode
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. Looking at the histogram frequencies, the video determines that the range 80-89 contains the mode or highest frequency.
๐Ÿ’กinclusive
Inclusive means the endpoints are included in the range. When analyzing the histogram, the video specifies "inclusive" to indicate the range includes the scores 60 and 89.
๐Ÿ’กdependent variable
The dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis in a graph and depends on or is affected by the independent variable on the x-axis. Here, frequencies are dependent on the score ranges.
๐Ÿ’กindependent variable
The independent variable is plotted on the x-axis and represents the manipulated or controlled factor. Here, the test score ranges are independent of the frequencies.
Highlights

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Authors acknowledge more research is needed to understand neural mechanisms of how mindfulness promotes care for others' welfare.

Transcripts
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