The Vector Cross Product

Professor Dave Explains
19 Dec 201806:45
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThe video explains the cross product, a way to multiply two vectors to yield another vector perpendicular to the original two. Using determinants of matrices containing the vector components, the cross product's direction complies with the right-hand rule. Key properties: taking the cross product of a vector with itself yields zero; its magnitude equals the product of the operand magnitudes times the sine of their included angle; it is anticommutative and does not generally associate. The cross product finds extensive application in physics.

Takeaways
  • πŸ˜€ The cross product is a way to multiply two vectors to get another vector, denoted by the multiplication sign.
  • πŸ‘‰ To find the cross product, put the components of the vectors into a 3x3 matrix with I, J, K as the top row and take the determinant.
  • βœ‹ The right hand rule shows the direction of the cross product vector relative to the two input vectors.
  • πŸ‘Œ The cross product of a vector with itself is always zero.
  • 🀏 The magnitude of the cross product equals the product of the input vector magnitudes and sine of their angle.
  • πŸ˜• The cross product is not commutative - order matters.
  • 😟 The cross product is not associative.
  • πŸ™‚ The cross product distributes over vector addition.
  • 🧐 Parallel vectors have a cross product of zero.
  • πŸ€“ The area of the parallelogram spanned by two vectors equals the magnitude of their cross product.
Q & A
  • What is the cross product of two vectors?

    -The cross product of two vectors results in another vector that is perpendicular or orthogonal to the plane containing the original two vectors.

  • How do you calculate the cross product of two vectors?

    -To calculate the cross product of two vectors A and B, you take the determinant of a 3x3 matrix with the unit vectors I, J and K across the top row, the components of vector A in the second row, and the components of vector B in the third row.

  • How can you use the right-hand rule to find the direction of a cross product?

    -Place the edge of your right hand on vector B and curl your fingers towards vector A. Your thumb will then point in the direction of the cross product vector.

  • What is the result when you take the cross product of a vector with itself?

    -Taking the cross product of a vector with itself, such as A x A, will always result in the zero vector.

  • How do you calculate the magnitude of a cross product?

    -The magnitude of the cross product A x B is equal to the magnitude of A times the magnitude of B times the sine of the angle between them.

  • Why is the cross product of two parallel vectors equal to the zero vector?

    -Two parallel vectors have an angle of 0 degrees between them. Since sine of 0 is 0, the magnitude of their cross product, which involves sine of the angle, is 0. Therefore, the cross product is the 0 vector.

  • What is the relationship between a cross product and parallelogram area?

    -The magnitude of a cross product of two vectors is equal to the area of the parallelogram created by those two vectors.

  • Is the cross product commutative? Why or why not?

    -No, the cross product is not commutative. A x B does not equal B x A. Instead, A x B equals negative B x A.

  • Is the cross product associative? Why or why not?

    -No, the cross product is not associative. The quantity A x (B x C) does not equal (A x B) x C.

  • Does the cross product obey the distributive property?

    -Yes, the cross product does obey the distributive property. A x (B + C) equals (A x B) + (A x C).

Outlines
00:00
πŸ˜€ Understanding Cross Products of Vectors

This paragraph introduces the concept of the cross product of two vectors. It defines the cross product, shows how to calculate it using determinants, and explains geometrically that the cross product vector is perpendicular to the plane containing the original vectors. It also introduces the right-hand rule for finding the direction of the cross product.

05:03
πŸ˜€ Key Properties and Uses of Cross Products

This paragraph highlights key properties and applications of cross products. It notes that a vector crossed with itself is zero, gives the formula for the magnitude of the cross product, and explains how cross products relate to areas of parallelograms. It also lists some key differences from dot products regarding commutativity and associativity.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘vector
A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Vectors are used to represent physical quantities like displacement, velocity, force, etc. In the video, vectors A and B are used as examples to demonstrate the cross product operation.
πŸ’‘cross product
The cross product is a vector operation between two vectors that results in another vector perpendicular to both. It is denoted by the multiplication sign between vectors. The video explains how to calculate the cross product by taking determinants of a matrix made up of the vector components.
πŸ’‘determinant
A determinant is a scalar number that can be calculated from a square matrix. Determinants are useful for finding areas/volumes of parallelograms/parallelepipeds spanned by vector sides. The video shows how to construct a matrix from two vectors and take its determinant to find their cross product.
πŸ’‘orthogonal
Orthogonal means perpendicular. The video explains that the cross product of two vectors results in a third vector that is orthogonal or perpendicular to the plane containing the first two.
πŸ’‘right-hand rule
The right-hand rule provides a simple way to determine the direction of a cross product using your right hand. Curl fingers in direction of first vector, thumb points in direction of cross product.
πŸ’‘parallel vectors
Parallel vectors have the same direction, they do not intersect. The video says cross product of parallel vectors is zero because angle between them is 0.
πŸ’‘area of parallelogram
The magnitude of the cross product equals the area of parallelogram spanned by the two vectors. So parallel vectors have zero cross product and zero area.
πŸ’‘properties
Some properties of cross product covered - it is anticommutative, not associative but distributive over vector addition.
πŸ’‘commutative
A * B = B * A is commutative, but cross product does not follow this, A x B β‰  B x A.
πŸ’‘associative
Associative means (A x B) x C = A x (B x C). The video states cross product is not associative over vector multiplication.
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Transcripts
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