Binary counter

Ben Eater
22 Jan 201705:13
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this educational video, the presenter explores the 74 LF 76 chip, which contains two built-in JK flip-flops. The video demonstrates how to set up the chip, highlighting its features such as the Q and Q inverted outputs, J and K inputs, and an inverted clock input that triggers on the falling edge. The presenter also explains the preset and clear inputs, which override the flip-flop state. A practical application is showcased by creating a divide-by-two circuit, which toggles the output at half the clock speed. This concept is expanded into a binary counter, illustrating how cascading JK flip-flops can be used to count in binary, demonstrating a fundamental principle in digital electronics.

Takeaways
  • πŸ˜€ The video discusses the challenges of building a JK flip-flop on a breadboard due to timing issues with edge detection.
  • πŸ” The 74 LF 76 chip is introduced, which contains a built-in JK flip-flop, and the presenter aims to create a practical application with it.
  • πŸ“¦ The 74 LF 76 chip has two JK flip-flops, each with Q and Q-bar (inverted Q) outputs, J and K inputs, and an inverted clock input.
  • ⏲️ The flip-flops in the 74 LF 76 operate on a falling edge of the clock signal, which is a key timing consideration.
  • πŸ”„ The chip also features preset and clear inputs, which can override the flip-flop state regardless of the clock or J and K inputs, but should be used with caution as they can lead to an unstable configuration.
  • πŸ”Œ The video shows a practical setup of the 74 LF 76 chip with VCC and ground for power, preset and clear inputs set high (inactive), and J and K inputs also set high.
  • πŸ”„ Demonstration of the flip-flop toggling with each clock pulse, showing the Q and Q-bar outputs changing state.
  • πŸ•’ The output frequency of the flip-flop is half the frequency of the input clock, which is why it can be referred to as a 'divide by two' circuit.
  • πŸ”— By cascading multiple flip-flops and using the output of one as the clock for the next, a binary counter is created, counting in binary from 0 to 15.
  • πŸ› οΈ The video concludes with an example of a binary counter made by connecting four 74 LF 76 chips, illustrating the concept of binary counting through division.
Q & A
  • What was the main challenge discussed in the last video regarding the JK flip-flop?

    -The main challenge discussed in the last video was the difficulty in building a JK flip-flop on a breadboard due to the importance of timing around edge detection.

  • What is the 74 LF 76 chip and what does it contain?

    -The 74 LF 76 is a chip that has two JK flip-flops built into it, which can be used to build practical or interesting circuits.

  • What are the two outputs provided by a JK flip-flop?

    -A JK flip-flop provides two outputs: the Q output, which is the normal output, and the Q inverted output, which is the logical opposite of Q.

  • What is unique about the clock input on the 74 LF 76 chip?

    -The clock input on the 74 LF 76 chip is an inverted clock, which means that the flip-flop switches states on the falling edge of the clock signal.

  • What are the preset and clear inputs on a JK flip-flop and how do they work?

    -The preset and clear inputs on a JK flip-flop are used to override the clock and J and K inputs to directly set the output state. Preset, when low, forces the Q output high, and clear, when low, forces the output low. Both being low results in an invalid state that is non-stable and will not persist when the inputs return to their inactive high level.

  • Why is the configuration where both preset and clear inputs are low considered non-stable?

    -The configuration where both preset and clear inputs are low is considered non-stable because it does not persist when the preset and/or clear inputs return to their inactive high level. It is an override meant for temporary state setting.

  • How does the JK flip-flop behave when both J and K inputs are set high?

    -When both J and K inputs are set high, the JK flip-flop toggles its output with each clock pulse.

  • What is the effect of using the output of one flip-flop as the clock for another?

    -Using the output of one flip-flop as the clock for another results in the second flip-flop toggling at half the speed of the first, effectively creating a divide-by-two operation.

  • Can you chain multiple JK flip-flops to create a binary counter?

    -Yes, by chaining multiple JK flip-flops and using the output of one as the clock for the next, you can create a binary counter that counts in binary at a rate that is a fraction of the original clock speed.

  • What is the significance of the divide-by-two operation in the context of the video?

    -The divide-by-two operation is significant because it demonstrates how the output of a JK flip-flop can be used to control the speed of another flip-flop, creating a cascading effect that can be used to build more complex circuits like binary counters.

Outlines
00:00
πŸ˜€ Exploring the 74HC76 Chip and Building a Divided-by-Two Circuit

This paragraph discusses the challenges of building a JK flip-flop on a breadboard due to timing issues with edge detection. The presenter introduces the 74HC76 chip, which contains two built-in JK flip-flops. The explanation covers the pin functions, including the Q and Q' outputs, J and K inputs, inverted clock input, and preset and clear inputs. It highlights the inverted clock's role in toggling states on a falling edge and the use of preset and clear as overrides to set the output state. The video then demonstrates setting up the 74HC76 chip on a breadboard with VCC, ground, and inputs set high, showing the toggling behavior of the Q output with each clock pulse. The presenter also explains how cascading flip-flops can create a divided-by-two circuit, effectively halving the clock speed at each stage, and demonstrates this by connecting the output of one flip-flop to the clock input of another, creating a binary counter that counts in binary from 0 to 15.

05:02
πŸ˜€ Binary Counting Demonstration with Cascaded Flip-Flops

In this brief paragraph, the presenter continues the demonstration of the binary counter created by cascading JK flip-flops from the 74HC76 chip. The video script simply states the numbers 14 and 15, indicating that the binary counter is counting up to these values, showcasing the practical application of the divided-by-two circuit concept discussed earlier. This step in the demonstration effectively illustrates how digital circuits can be used to perform basic counting operations in binary.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘JK flip-flop
A JK flip-flop is a type of bistable multivibrator, which is a fundamental building block in digital electronics. It has two stable states and can be toggled between these states by the application of a clock pulse. In the video's context, the JK flip-flop is used to demonstrate a basic building block for more complex digital circuits. The script mentions building a JK flip-flop on a breadboard and the challenges associated with timing and edge detection.
πŸ’‘74LF76
The 74LF76 is an integrated circuit (IC) chip that contains two JK flip-flops. It is significant in the video as it simplifies the process of building circuits that require JK flip-flops, as it combines two of them into a single chip. The script discusses using the 74LF76 to create a practical and interesting project, highlighting its features such as the inverted clock input and Q and Q-bar outputs.
πŸ’‘Edge detection
Edge detection in digital electronics refers to the process of identifying the transitions of a signal from one state to another, such as from low to high or high to low. In the context of the video, edge detection is important for the JK flip-flop's operation, as it relies on the timing of the clock signal edges to change state. The script mentions the challenges of edge detection when building a JK flip-flop on a breadboard.
πŸ’‘Output
In digital electronics, an output is the result of a circuit's operation that can be used as an input for other circuits or devices. The script refers to the Q output and the Q-bar (inverted Q) output of the JK flip-flop, which are the two stable states that the flip-flop can be in. These outputs are crucial for the flip-flop's function and are used in the video to demonstrate the toggling of the flip-flop state.
πŸ’‘Clock input
The clock input is a signal in synchronous circuits that controls the timing of operations. In the video, the clock input is essential for the JK flip-flop to toggle its state. The script specifies that the 74LF76 has an inverted clock input, which means the flip-flop changes state on the falling edge of the clock signal.
πŸ’‘Preset and clear
Preset and clear are inputs in a flip-flop that allow the output to be set to a known state, regardless of the clock signal or other inputs. In the video, the script explains that these inputs are active low and can override the flip-flop's normal operation to set the Q output high or low, respectively. The script also warns against using both preset and clear low simultaneously as it leads to an invalid state.
πŸ’‘Inverted clock
An inverted clock, as mentioned in the script, is a clock signal that is the opposite of the standard clock signal. In the context of the 74LF76, the inverted clock means that the flip-flop's state changes on the falling edge of the clock signal. This is a detail that must be taken into account when designing circuits using this chip.
πŸ’‘Divided by two
In the video, the term 'divided by two' refers to a circuit configuration where the output frequency is half of the input frequency. The script demonstrates this by using the output of one JK flip-flop as the clock input for another, effectively halving the clock rate at each stage. This concept is used to create a binary counter in the video.
πŸ’‘Binary counter
A binary counter is a digital circuit that counts binary numbers, incrementing by one with each clock pulse. In the video, the script describes creating a binary counter by cascading multiple JK flip-flops, where the output of one flip-flop is used as the clock input for the next. This results in a sequence of flip-flops toggling at decreasing rates, effectively counting in binary.
πŸ’‘Cascading
Cascading in electronics refers to the process of connecting multiple components or circuits in a series, where the output of one becomes the input of the next. In the video, cascading is used to create a binary counter by connecting the output of one JK flip-flop to the clock input of another, allowing for the division of the clock frequency and the counting of binary numbers.
Highlights

Introduction to the 74 LF 76 chip, which contains a built-in JK flip-flop.

The JK flip-flop's challenge in breadboard construction due to timing and edge detection.

74 LF 76 chip features two JK flip-flops, each with Q and Q inverted outputs.

J and K inputs are essential for the operation of the JK flip-flop.

Clock input is required and is inverted, meaning state changes on the falling edge.

Preset and clear inputs allow overriding the clock and setting the output state.

Active low nature of preset and clear inputs, indicated by the bubble symbol.

Invalid state occurs when both preset and clear are low, which is non-stable.

Setup of the 74 LF 76 chip with VCC and ground for power.

Preset and clear set high to be inactive, with J and K inputs also set high.

Clock pulse demonstration showing toggling of Q output with each pulse.

The divided by two effect where the output toggles at half the clock speed.

Creating a binary counter by cascading multiple flip-flops with their outputs feeding into the next flip-flop's clock.

Binary counting in action, demonstrating a 4-bit binary counter.

Observation of the binary counter's behavior at increased clock speeds.

Practical application of the 74 LF 76 chip in building a binary counter.

Transcripts
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