5 Craziest Things I've Found In Dead Bodies

Institute of Human Anatomy

11 Jun 202114:06

EducationalLearning

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TLDRIn this educational video, the host explores five unexpected anatomical findings from cadavers, including an abnormal right lung with only two lobes instead of three, a 'stuck' Achilles tendon due to scar tissue from a partial rupture, a significantly enlarged ovary possibly linked to PCOS, a 'confused' heart with a pacemaker, and a 'wimpy' Greater Omentum affected by cancer. The video celebrates body donors, offering viewers a fascinating look at the variations and abnormalities in human anatomy.

Takeaways

🫁 The right lung discussed in the video is abnormal because it only has two lobes instead of the usual three.
🫁 The abnormal lung did not result from surgery but is an anatomical variant.
🦶 The video shows a partially ruptured Achilles tendon fused with scar tissue, leading to limited movement.
🦶 Normal Achilles tendons are glossy and made of dense regular connective tissue for strength.
👩‍⚕️ An abnormal ovary found was significantly larger, potentially due to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).
👩‍⚕️ There is mixed evidence about the relationship between PCOS and breast cancer, but the body in the video had both.
❤️ The heart shown had a pacemaker with its lead wire clearly visible, controlling the heart's rhythm.
❤️ Pacemaker generators are placed superficially to make replacement easier if needed.
🫄 The Greater Omentum, an apron-like structure over the small intestine, can migrate to infection sites to contain them.
🫄 The abnormal Greater Omentum in the video was thin and shifted, likely due to cancer and chemotherapy-induced weight loss.
💡 The video emphasizes gratitude for body donors and their contributions to medical education and discoveries.

Q & A

Why is the right lung in the video considered abnormal?
-The right lung is considered abnormal because it is missing a lobe. Normally, the right lung has three lobes, but this one only has two.
What are Bronchopulmonary Segments, and why are they important?
-Bronchopulmonary Segments are the segments of the lung tissue that are supplied by a specific bronchus and its branches. They are important because as long as these segments are present, the lung capacity remains sufficient, even if the number of lobes varies.
What is significant about the 'Stuck Achilles' discussed in the video?
-The 'Stuck Achilles' refers to an Achilles tendon that was partially ruptured and healed with scar tissue fused to the Fascia, causing tension and limited range of motion in the lower leg.
What is the suspected condition of the 'Mutant Ovary' and what might it indicate?
-The 'Mutant Ovary' is suspected to be a result of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), which caused the ovary to enlarge significantly. This body also had breast cancer, highlighting a potential but debated link between PCOS and breast cancer risk.
Why was the heart in the video referred to as 'confused'?
-The heart was referred to as 'confused' because it had a pacemaker installed, indicating it had problems with its conduction or electrical system, affecting its ability to beat properly.
What role does the pacemaker's lead play in the heart's function?
-The pacemaker's lead is a wire that delivers electrical impulses from the pacemaker's generator to the heart muscle, ensuring the heart maintains proper rate and rhythm.
What is the Greater Omentum and what is its function?
-The Greater Omentum is an apron-like structure made of adipose tissue that drapes over the small intestine. It stores energy, contains lymph nodes for immune function, and can migrate to areas of infection or trauma to help contain the spread of infection.
What abnormalities were found in the 'Wimpy Greater Omentum'?
-The 'Wimpy Greater Omentum' was unusually thin and shifted to the left side. This body died of colorectal cancer that had metastasized to the liver, potentially causing the Omentum to shift and thin out due to cancerous nodules and weight loss from chemotherapy.
How can the Greater Omentum respond to an infection like an appendicitis?
-The Greater Omentum can migrate to the site of infection, such as a ruptured appendix, and encapsulate the infected area to prevent the infection from spreading throughout the abdominal cavity.
What are some of the potential challenges in surgically repairing a ruptured Achilles tendon?
-Surgically repairing a ruptured Achilles tendon is more complicated when the rupture occurs near the Musculotendinous junction, as it involves reattaching the tendon to the muscle rather than simply stitching tendon to tendon.

Outlines

00:00

🫁 Abnormal Right Lung Discovery

In this segment, the presenter explains that a right lung with only two lobes instead of the typical three is an unusual anatomical variant discovered during dissection. This deviation wasn't due to surgery, as there were no surgical marks, and the lung filled the right thoracic cavity entirely. The presenter discusses how this variation might impact lung capacity, highlighting that as long as the necessary Bronchopulmonary Segments are present, lung function should be adequate. This abnormality illustrates the fascinating diversity found in human anatomy.

05:02

👟 Partially Ruptured Achilles Tendon

The video examines a normal Achilles tendon and compares it to an abnormal one with significant scar tissue from a partial rupture. This rupture caused the fascia, the tissue that surrounds muscles, to fuse with the scar tissue, preventing the muscle from sliding properly and likely causing the individual discomfort and limited range of motion. The discussion includes the challenges of surgical repair for ruptures close to the musculotendinous junction, contrasting it with less complicated repairs lower down the tendon.

10:03

🩺 Enlarged Ovary from PCOS

The presenter describes an abnormal ovary discovered during a sagittal cut dissection. One ovary was found to be quadruple the size of a normal ovary, likely due to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). This condition causes the ovary to develop multiple cysts, leading to significant enlargement. The video also touches on the connection between PCOS and breast cancer, which the deceased also had. The presenter marvels at the size difference and acknowledges the potential pain caused by such an abnormality.

❤️ Heart with a Pacemaker

In this segment, the presenter discusses a heart with a pacemaker, highlighting the electrical system's role in maintaining proper heart function. The lead of the pacemaker, visible in the right ventricular chamber, ensures the heart beats correctly by delivering electrical impulses. The importance of the pulse generator, typically implanted in the chest, is also covered, emphasizing its role in controlling heart rate and rhythm. The presenter notes that replacing the generator is less invasive than replacing the lead, making the procedure more manageable.

🩻 Cancer-Affected Greater Omentum

The final part of the video focuses on an abnormal Greater Omentum found in a cadaver. Unlike the usual thick, apron-like structure that covers the small intestine, this Greater Omentum was thin and shifted to the left side. The cadaver had colorectal cancer that metastasized to the liver, which likely influenced the Greater Omentum's appearance. The presenter explains that the Greater Omentum, rich in adipose tissue and lymph nodes, can migrate to infection or trauma sites. This abnormality underscores how cancer and related treatments can drastically alter anatomical structures.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Anatomical Abnormalities

Anatomical abnormalities refer to deviations from the normal structure of organs or tissues in the human body. In the video, these abnormalities are discovered during dissections and are not necessarily related to the cause of death. Examples include a lung with missing lobes and an ovary enlarged due to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

💡Lobes

Lobes are distinct sections of an organ separated by fissures or cracks. The video highlights the discovery of a right lung with only two lobes instead of the typical three, illustrating a common variation in human anatomy. Understanding the normal number and arrangement of lobes helps identify abnormalities.

💡Bronchopulmonary Segments

Bronchopulmonary segments are subdivisions of the lungs, each served by its own bronchus and blood supply. The video explains that even with an abnormal number of lobes, having all necessary bronchopulmonary segments ensures adequate lung function. This concept is key to understanding the functional impact of anatomical variations.

💡Achilles Tendon

The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. The video discusses a 'stuck Achilles,' where scar tissue from a partially ruptured tendon fused with surrounding fascia, affecting mobility. This example illustrates how injuries can lead to significant anatomical changes.

💡Fascia

Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, organs, and other structures in the body. In the video, fascia is highlighted in the context of the 'stuck Achilles,' where scar tissue fused with fascia, limiting the tendon's movement. Fascia’s role in providing structural support and flexibility is crucial in understanding this abnormality.

💡Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. The video describes an ovary quadrupled in size, likely due to PCOS, demonstrating how the syndrome can significantly alter organ size and potentially relate to other health issues like cancer. This condition's impact on anatomy and health is a central theme.

💡Pacemaker

A pacemaker is a medical device that regulates the heart's rhythm through electrical impulses. The video shows a heart with a pacemaker lead, explaining its function in correcting conduction issues. This example underscores the importance of medical devices in managing anatomical and functional abnormalities.

💡Greater Omentum

The greater omentum is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. The video discusses a 'wimpy greater omentum' found in a cadaver with cancer, noting its unusual thinness and displacement. This structure’s role in fat storage and immune response highlights how diseases can affect anatomy.

💡Cancer Metastasis

Cancer metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the primary site to other parts of the body. The video describes how colorectal cancer spread to the liver in one of the cadavers, affecting various organs including the greater omentum. This concept is crucial for understanding the widespread impact of cancer on anatomy.

💡Sagittal Plane

The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves. The video uses this anatomical plane to show differences between a normal and an abnormal ovary. Understanding this plane is essential for visualizing and studying internal structures and their abnormalities.

Highlights

Introduction to the lab and anatomical dissection.

Explanation of how donated bodies come with limited health history.

Discovery of a right lung with only two lobes instead of the usual three.

Comparison of the normal and abnormal right lung lobes.

Discussion on how variations in lung lobes can occur naturally.

Introduction to a partially ruptured Achilles tendon with excessive scar tissue.

Explanation of fascia and its normal function in muscle movement.

Impact of scar tissue on the Achilles tendon and surrounding fascia.

Introduction to a significantly enlarged ovary, possibly due to PCOS.

Discussion on the potential link between PCOS and breast cancer.

Introduction to a heart with a pacemaker, showing the lead wire in the right ventricular chamber.

Explanation of the function and placement of a pacemaker's pulse generator.

Introduction to the Greater Omentum and its role in the abdominal cavity.

Observation of a 'wimpy' Greater Omentum in a cadaver that died of colorectal cancer.

Final thoughts on the tour of five crazy things found in the human body.

Transcripts

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