Every Engine Layout Explained

Donut
23 Feb 202117:59
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe video script delves into the fascinating world of engine configurations beyond the common inline and V engines. It explores the unique designs of W, H, and U engines, highlighting their distinct characteristics and applications. The script provides a historical perspective, starting from the first mass-produced car with a single-cylinder inline engine to the complex multi-cylinder engines like the W16 found in the Bugatti Veyron. It also covers the benefits and drawbacks of each configuration, such as the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of inline engines, the compactness of V engines, and the smooth power delivery of boxer and rotary engines. The narrative is infused with humor and personal anecdotes, making the technical information engaging and accessible to a broad audience.

Takeaways
  • πŸš— Inline engines have all cylinders in a straight line, which is mechanically simple and cost-effective, with fewer moving parts.
  • 🏎️ The single-cylinder inline engine, like the one in the 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash, was the first mass-produced car engine.
  • πŸ”„ Inline four-cylinder engines are common in most cars and can be found in various engine configurations like front, mid, and rear engine setups.
  • πŸ’₯ Inline five-cylinder engines offer a smoother power delivery than inline fours due to a 36-degree overlap in power strokes.
  • πŸ”§ Inline six-cylinder engines are known for their smooth operation and were once the performance engine of choice in the late 1920s.
  • πŸ”Ά V engines split cylinders into two banks with a common crankshaft, offering a more compact and shorter length compared to inline engines.
  • 🏍️ V-twin engines are popular in motorcycles like Harley-Davidson and some cars, such as the Volkswagen XL Sport.
  • πŸš€ V12 engines can achieve perfect balance if the V angle between the two banks is correct, as each bank operates like a straight six.
  • πŸ”§ VR engines combine the benefits of inline and V engine layouts, allowing for compact packaging suitable for smaller cars.
  • πŸ” Boxer engines, with horizontally opposed cylinders, provide a low center of gravity and smooth power delivery, but are larger and more challenging to maintain.
  • βš™οΈ Opposing piston engines differ from boxer engines as pistons meet in the middle, omitting the need for a cylinder head and potentially reducing emissions.
  • πŸ› οΈ Wankel or rotary engines use a single revolving piston and have no piston rods or valve train, offering unique power enhancement options like force induction or adding more rotors.
Q & A
  • What is an inline engine and why is it considered mechanically smart?

    -An inline engine is a type of engine where all the cylinders are aligned in a straight line. It is considered mechanically smart because it has only one cylinder head, which results in fewer moving parts and thus less chance for failure. This design also allows for a less mechanically complex layout, making the engine simpler and cheaper to maintain.

  • What is the significance of the 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash in the context of engine configurations?

    -The 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash is significant because it is documented as being the first mass-produced car with a single-cylinder inline engine, which is the simplest form of an inline engine configuration.

  • How does the power stroke timing contribute to the smoothness of a five-cylinder engine compared to an inline four?

    -In a five-cylinder engine, there is a 36-degree overlap in the power strokes, meaning that another power stroke occurs before the crankshaft rotates to the 180-degree mark. This overlap results in a smoother power delivery compared to an inline four, which has a gap in power delivery due to the exact 180-degree interval between power strokes.

  • Why are inline six-cylinder engines considered 'sexy sixes' and what makes them so desirable?

    -Inline six-cylinder engines are referred to as 'sexy sixes' due to their perfect balance, smooth operation, and strong performance. They are longer and stronger than inline fours and provide a superior power delivery, making them highly desirable for performance-oriented vehicles.

  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of a V-type engine layout?

    -Advantages of V-type engines include a more compact design compared to inline engines with the same number of cylinders and a shorter engine length, which can be beneficial for vehicle design. Disadvantages include a wider engine profile, which may affect vehicle width, and potentially higher production costs due to the complexity of the V configuration.

  • How does a VR engine layout differ from a traditional V engine layout?

    -A VR engine layout combines the benefits of both inline and V engine layouts. The 'R' in VR stands for 'Reihenmotor', the German word for inline. VR engines allow for a compact design suitable for smaller cars without compromising on performance. They also require only a single cylinder head for both banks of cylinders, which simplifies the engine and reduces the number of camshafts needed.

  • What is the concept behind the W engine layout and how is it constructed?

    -The W engine layout is constructed by combining two VR engines to form a double-V or W configuration. It uses three or four cylinder banks running off the same crankshaft, creating a W shape. This layout is known for its compact size and high performance, with examples like the Volkswagen Group W12 and W16 engines.

  • What are the characteristics and benefits of a boxer engine?

    -A boxer engine, also known as a horizontally opposed or flat engine, has a central crankshaft with two banks of cylinders laid out horizontally. The pistons move left and right rather than up and down. This design provides a low center of gravity, which enhances vehicle handling and power delivery. Boxer engines are also known for their smooth operation and improved cooling due to the spread-out design.

  • How does an opposing piston engine differ from a boxer engine?

    -An opposing piston engine differs from a boxer engine in that the pistons meet in the middle of the cylinder, eliminating the need for a cylinder head. This design can potentially lower emissions and has been used in some diesel engines. The Achates Power company, for example, has been building diesel versions of these engines.

  • What is unique about the Wankel or rotary engine and how does it operate?

    -The Wankel or rotary engine is unique because it does not use piston rods or a traditional valve train. Instead, it has a single piston that revolves around a gear shaft within a chamber. The shape of the engine and the triangular rotor allow it to sequentially complete the four cycles of an internal combustion engine: intake, compression, power, and exhaust.

  • How does a U engine differ from an H engine in terms of design and layout?

    -A U engine, also known as a square four, consists of two separate inline engines placed side by side and coupled at a shared output shaft. When viewed from the front, it resembles the letter 'U'. An H engine, or H block, is a configuration where the cylinders are aligned to form an 'H' shape when viewed from above. The H engine can be thought of as two flat engines stacked vertically or side by side, each with its own crank but geared together to power the transmission.

  • What is the significance of the Bugatti Veyron's engine evolution from a W18 to a W16?

    -The Bugatti Veyron's engine evolution from a W18 to a W16 was significant because it addressed the issue of hot exhaust gases mixing with cold intake air in the original three-bank W18 design. The W16 configuration allowed for better engine performance and efficiency, and the addition of four turbochargers further enhanced the engine's power output.

Outlines
00:00
πŸš— Engine Configurations Overview

The video script introduces various engine configurations beyond the common inline and V engines, such as W, H, and U engines. It humorously sets the scene with a dating story and a mention of Keeps, a hair loss treatment service. The script then dives into the details of inline engines, explaining their mechanical simplicity and cost-effectiveness, and covers engines from single-cylinder to inline fours, highlighting examples like the 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash and the Fiat 500. It also touches on the need for counterbalancers in inline fours and the benefits of inline fives for their power delivery smoothness.

05:00
πŸ” Inline and V Engine Details

This section continues the exploration of engine types, focusing on inline fives and their smooth power delivery due to a 36-degree overlap. It mentions specific models like the Focus RS 500 and Hummer H3 that use inline fives. The script then moves on to inline sixes, noting their balance and examples like the RB26 and 2JZ engines. It also covers inline eights, known as straight eights, and their historical use in performance cars. The V engines are then discussed, contrasting their compactness and width with inline engines, and providing examples from V2 to V24, including VR engines like the Volkswagen VR6 and the unique Wankel rotary engine.

10:02
πŸ€– Unique Engine Configurations

The script delves into less common engine configurations, starting with the boxer engine, known for its low center of gravity and smooth power delivery. It discusses the challenges of maintenance and manufacturing costs associated with boxer engines and lists examples from flat twins to Subaru's flat 12. Opposing piston engines are then explained, highlighting their potential for lower emissions and historical use in vehicles like the Commer TS3. The Wankel or rotary engine is described next, focusing on its unique design without piston rods and valve train components, and mentioning various rotor configurations from single to twelve-rotor designs. Lastly, the U and H engine configurations are introduced, with examples like the Ariel Square Four motorcycle and the British Racing Motor H16 Formula One engine.

15:05
πŸ“£ Wrapping Up the Engine Discussion

The video concludes with a brief mention of the unique H engine configuration and its appearance when viewed from the front. The script humorously reflects on the filming situation and encourages viewers to follow their social media accounts for more content. It acknowledges the vast variety of engines covered and invites viewers to share any omissions in the comments section, asserting confidence in the comprehensiveness of the presented information.

Mindmap
Dave, a character causing disruption
Gerry with a G, a past relationship
Online consultation and medication delivery
Prevention of hair loss
Stacked vertically, like an H when viewed from above
Two separate inline engines side by side
Wankel engine, single rotor to multiple rotors
Pistons meet in the middle, no cylinder head
Subaru, Porsche known for boxer engines
Horizontally opposed, low center of gravity
W18 prototype in Bugatti Veyron
W3, W6, W8, W12, W16
VR6, VR5, and VR4 examples
Combination of inline and V engine benefits
Cadillac V16 in the 1930s
Each bank operates like a straight six
Viper
Iconic engine, various configurations
Beloved in the Donut Shop
No cars, rare motorcycles like Honda RC211V
Porsche 919 Hybrid LMP1
No cars found, some motorcycles
Harley-Davidson Hogs
Rare due to crankshaft length and strength requirements
Performance engine of choice in the late 1920s
Balanced and smooth
Smaller than inline six
Smoother than inline four
Requires a counterbalancer
Common in most cars
Koenigsegg Twin-Turbo
Fiat 500
1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash
Personal Narrative
Keeps Sponsorship
H Engines
U Engines
Rotary Engines
Opposing Piston Engines
Boxer Engines
W Engines
VR Engines
V16
V12
V10
V8
V6
V5
V4
V3
V Twin
Inline Twelve
Inline Eight
Inline Six
Inline Five
Inline Four
Inline Three
Inline Two
Single Cylinder
Sponsor and Personal Stories
Other Engine Configurations
V Engines
Inline Engines
Engine Configurations
Alert
Keywords
πŸ’‘Inline Engines
Inline engines are a type of internal combustion engine with all cylinders aligned in a straight line. They are mechanically simple, have fewer moving parts, and are generally less expensive and easier to maintain. In the video, the evolution from single-cylinder to inline four engines is discussed, highlighting their prevalence in the majority of cars on the road.
πŸ’‘V Engines
V engines are engines with cylinders divided into two banks arranged in a V-shape, sharing a common crankshaft. They are more compact and shorter in length compared to inline engines with the same number of cylinders. The script mentions various V engine configurations, from V2 in motorcycles to V24 in custom-built trucks, emphasizing their versatility and performance.
πŸ’‘VR Engine Layout
VR engines combine elements of inline and V engine layouts, with a narrow angle between the banks of cylinders, allowing them to fit into compact cars without compromising size and weight. The 'R' in VR stands for 'Reihenmotor,' the German word for inline. The video specifically mentions the VR6, which is a common configuration used in various Volkswagen models.
πŸ’‘Boxer Engine
Also known as horizontally opposed or flat engines, boxer engines have horizontally opposed cylinders with pistons moving side to side. They are known for their low center of gravity, smooth power delivery, and ease of cooling. The script references Subaru and Porsche as manufacturers that have utilized boxer engines in their vehicles.
πŸ’‘W Engine
W engines are a type of internal combustion engine that use three or four cylinder banks running off the same crankshaft, creating a W shape. They are essentially two VR engines combined. The video discusses W engines from W3 to W24, with examples like the Volkswagen W8 and the Bugatti Veyron's W16.
πŸ’‘Opposing Piston Engines
Opposing piston engines are similar to boxer engines in layout but differ in that the pistons meet in the middle of the cylinder, eliminating the need for a cylinder head. This design can potentially reduce emissions. The script mentions Achates Power, which has been building diesel versions of these engines, and the Commer TS3 as examples.
πŸ’‘Rotary Engine
The rotary engine, often associated with Mazda, uses a unique design with a single, triangular-shaped rotor revolving around a gear shaft, eliminating the need for piston rods and a traditional valve train. The rotary engine's power can be increased through forced induction or by adding more rotors. The video discusses single rotor engines like the 13B and multi-rotor engines used in Mazda's Le Mans racecars.
πŸ’‘U Engine
The U engine, also known as the square four, consists of two separate inline engines placed side by side and coupled at a shared output shaft. This configuration results in a very smooth engine due to the gyroscopic effect of the two crankshafts rotating in opposite directions. The Ariel Square Four motorcycle and the Suzuki RD500 are mentioned as examples in the script.
πŸ’‘H Engine
The H engine, or H block, is a configuration where cylinders are aligned to form the shape of the letter 'H' when viewed from the front. It can be thought of as two flat engines stacked vertically or side by side, each with its own crank but geared together to power the transmission. The British Racing Motor H16 Formula One engine is highlighted in the video as an example.
πŸ’‘Balancing Shafts
Balancing shafts are used in some engines, particularly inline four-cylinder engines, to cancel out vibrations caused by secondary forces that are not inherently balanced. They are essential for smooth operation and are mentioned in the context of inline four engines in the video.
πŸ’‘Power Stroke Overlap
Power stroke overlap refers to the timing of power strokes in an engine, which affects the smoothness of power delivery. In the video, it is explained that a five-cylinder engine has a 36-degree overlap, resulting in smoother power delivery compared to an inline four, which has no overlap and can lead to a more jolting action.
Highlights

Engine configurations have evolved from inline and V engines to more complex layouts like W, H, and U engines.

Inline engines have all cylinders in a straight line, leading to a mechanically simple and cost-effective design.

The 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash was the first mass-produced car with a single-cylinder inline engine.

Inline five-cylinder engines offer a smoother power delivery than inline fours due to a 36-degree overlap in power strokes.

Inline six-cylinder engines are known for their perfect balance, smoothness, and strength.

V engines are compact and shorter in length compared to inline engines, making them ideal for high-performance applications.

The Volkswagen VR6 engine combines the benefits of V and inline engine layouts, fitting into compact cars without compromising performance.

W engines, like the Volkswagen W12, are created by combining two VR engines, resulting in a wide and powerful engine configuration.

Boxer engines, with horizontally opposed cylinders, offer a low center of gravity and smooth power delivery, popular in vehicles like the Porsche 911.

Opposing piston engines differ from boxer engines as they have pistons that meet in the middle, potentially reducing emissions.

The Wankel or rotary engine uses a single revolving piston and lacks piston rods and a valve train, known for its simplicity and high power output.

The U engine, also known as the square four, consists of two separate inline engines coupled at a shared output shaft, providing a very smooth operation.

H engines or H blocks are viewed from the front as an 'H' shape and can be thought of as two flat engines geared together.

The British Racing Motor H16 Formula One engine, an H engine configuration, won the 1966 US Grand Prix.

Engine configurations continue to innovate, with unique designs like the W18 in early Bugatti Veyron prototypes.

The transcript humorously explores the history and characteristics of various engine types, providing both technical and entertaining content.

The video is sponsored by Keeps, an online service for hair loss consultation and medication delivery.

The presenter uses a light-hearted and engaging storytelling approach to discuss complex engine configurations.

Transcripts
00:00

- You know about inline engines, V engines.

00:02

You maybe even have heard of a VR engine layout.

00:05

But what do you know about W, H, or U engines?

00:09

Since cars have been on the road getting our human butts

00:11

from divorced-dad's house to step-mom's house,

00:14

engineers have been putting all sorts

00:16

of wild engine configurations in them.

00:18

And today, we are going to go through every single one.

00:23

Let's go.

00:26

(upbeat music)

00:30

Thanks to Keeps for sponsoring today's video.

00:32

Any moment now, the love of my life is gonna walk

00:36

through those doors.

00:36

Her name is Gerry with a G.

00:41

I know, talk about exotic, huh?

00:44

We dated years ago, but Dave scared her away.

00:48

So, I locked him in the basement hoping she'd come back.

00:52

She never did.

00:53

And then, I found her on this new dating app,

00:55

just for bird friends.

00:57

- Jerry?

01:01

- Gerry?

01:02

You look beautiful.

01:03

- You look different.

01:05

- Ever since you left, I became one of the two

01:08

out of three guys to experience some sort

01:11

of male pattern baldness by the time they were 35.

01:14

- Oh my sweet, sweet Jerry.

01:16

You should have used Keeps.

01:18

- You know about Keeps?

01:20

- Who doesn't, Jerry?

01:21

They help prevent hair loss by connecting you

01:24

to a doctor online for your hair loss consultation,

01:27

and they'll even ship your hair loss medication directly

01:30

to your door every three months.

01:32

- That's what I've been telling them.

01:34

I always say, when you're ready to take action,

01:36

go to Keeps.com/B2B or click the link

01:41

in the description below

01:42

and you get 50% off your first order.

01:45

- All this talk of Keeps makes me realize

01:47

how much I miss you.

01:49

- Wow, brains and beauty.

01:52

(hawk crowing)

01:53

Dave, what are you doing here?

01:55

Get out of here, Dave.

01:55

David, get.

01:57

David, I'm using your full name

01:58

so that means I'm really mad at you.

02:00

- I hate birds.

02:01

- No Gerry, stay.

02:03

Dave, get out of here!

02:04

No Gerry, no!

02:06

Now, the first rule when watching

02:07

any type of YouTube list video is that one,

02:10

there are no rules.

02:11

Okay, now that we've established that we're going

02:14

to go through every engine configuration that I could find

02:16

that's been put in a car.

02:18

Now, if I happen to miss any by the end of this video,

02:20

just go ahead and write them down.

02:21

You can mail them to me.

02:22

We have a PO box.

02:23

I'm going to take all of them

02:24

and then I'm going to put them in the trash.

02:25

Okay, so let's start off with inline engines.

02:28

All of the cylinders are in a straight line,

02:31

hence their name.

02:32

And the straight cylinder design seems pretty intuitive

02:35

if you were to start from scratch

02:36

in building your own engine,

02:37

but it's also a very mechanically smart design.

02:40

With only one cylinder head, there are fewer moving parts

02:43

than the engines with multiple cylinder heads.

02:45

So, you have less stuff means less chance

02:48

for other stuff failing.

02:49

This allows for a less mechanically complex layout.

02:52

They're simple engines.

02:53

And because they are simple, they're cheaper.

02:55

And for the most part, they're easier to maintain.

02:57

So, let's start off with the least number of cylinders

03:00

in this inline configuration.

03:02

And in all honesty, I was going to start with an inline two,

03:04

but there are some cars out there with single-cylinder

03:08

inline engines, one cylinder, one piston,

03:11

one connecting rod, one crank, one balancer, two valves,

03:14

the 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash,

03:17

which is documented actually

03:19

as being the first mass-produced car, well-known fact.

03:22

From there, we can go to our inline two or straight twin.

03:25

The Fiat 500 sported this two-cylinder setup.

03:27

Of course, of all the inline engines,

03:30

the coolest is the Koenigsegg twin-turbo inline three.

03:33

Inline fours, we have every engine

03:35

in the majority of cars on the road.

03:37

My first car, 1990 Toyota pickup had a 22RE.

03:40

You guys know the story.

03:41

My sister freaking stole it from me and then sold it.

03:44

So if you have it, I want it back.

03:45

There's the Mitsubishi 4G63T,

03:48

the S14 B25, and BMW's E30 M3.

03:51

Honda, they got the F20C, S2000.

03:54

Now, they're small so you can put them anywhere.

03:56

There's front engine, mid engine, rear engine.

03:58

The four-banger is a worldwide staple.

04:00

The only downside to an inline four

04:02

is that it needs a counterbalancer.

04:03

The secondary forces aren't balanced,

04:06

which ultimately limits the size of the engine.

04:08

And because of that, they often need balancing shafts

04:11

to cancel out those vibrations.

04:13

Okay, that's inline fours.

04:14

So now, let's get to inline fives.

04:16

But why would you want that?

04:19

Well, they're smoother than an inline four

04:21

and smaller than an inline six.

04:22

To help me explain why the five-cylinder's smoother,

04:25

we need to look at the timing of the power strokes.

04:27

Now, four-stroke engines operate in four cycles,

04:29

suck, squeeze, bang, blow.

04:31

Every cylinder fires once every 720 degrees,

04:34

two rotations of the crank.

04:36

If we divide 720 degrees by the number of cylinders,

04:39

we get how often a power stroke occurs.

04:41

Your power stroke can't last longer than 180 degrees

04:43

of crankshaft rotation.

04:44

So a three cylinder engine,

04:46

there's a gap in the power delivery.

04:47

So, if you take 720 degrees divided by 3 minus 180,

04:52

there's 60 degrees of silence

04:54

when no power strokes take place.

04:56

So, for a four-cylinder, it takes 720 divided by 4,

05:00

that's 180.

05:01

You subtract 180, you get zero.

05:02

So at the end of one cylinder's power stroke,

05:05

another cylinder fires.

05:06

Now with a five-cylinder, there's a 36 degree overlap,

05:09

meaning another power stroke has occurred

05:12

before the crank shaft rotates to the 180 degree mark.

05:15

This results in a very smooth power delivery

05:18

instead of this kind of relatively jolting action

05:21

of an inline four.

05:22

And you can use this equation

05:23

for any type of cylinder configuration

05:26

to see when they're firing.

05:27

So, who uses inline fives?

05:29

Well, my favorite is the Swedish American built 2.5 liter

05:33

in the Focus RS 500.

05:35

Also GM, they have a 3.7 liter in the Hummer H3.

05:37

And the RS2 Avant got one,

05:40

but we never got in the US, so whatever.

05:43

Next, we have the sexy sixes,

05:44

the perfectly balanced, sexy sixer.

05:46

Now, there are so many great examples of this engine.

05:49

Our favorites are the RB26 and the 2JZ of course.

05:52

But there are, like I said, there's a ton of them out there.

05:54

They're long and strong, and the smoothest engine out there.

05:58

They're just a better inline four.

06:00

From there, we go into inline eights,

06:02

the hungry eights, the straight eights.

06:04

And they were the performance engine of choice

06:07

in the late 20s.

06:08

Bugatti, Duesenberg, Alfa Romeo, Mercedes-Benz,

06:10

they all had a version of the straight eight.

06:12

The Alfa Romeo 159 Alfetta,

06:14

it won 47 of 54 Gran Prixs in F1

06:18

between 1938 and 1951.

06:21

That little 1 1/2 liter, supercharged inline eight

06:24

could get all the way up to 10,500 RPM.

06:28

That's screaming.

06:28

Skip over the inline tens 'cause there are none,

06:31

go straight to inline twelves.

06:32

Now, there are the few that were ever built

06:34

in the early 20s and with good reason.

06:35

When you have a frigging crank shaft that's super long

06:38

and you have all the pistons kind of rocking,

06:40

it creates this jump rope effects.

06:42

So, you've got to have a crank that is super, super stiff,

06:45

really, really strong.

06:46

That being said, there were some made so they're

06:48

on the list, but there're not a lot of them out there.

06:50

(engine revving)

06:53

The V type engines split the cylinders into two even banks

06:57

with a common crank shaft at the bottom of the V.

07:00

Now, they're best bros with the inline engines.

07:02

For the most part,

07:03

as the cylinder number increases V engines are more compact

07:07

compared to their inline bros.

07:08

And they also have a shorter length

07:11

than an inline engine with the same number of cylinders,

07:13

but they're wider.

07:14

Inline engines, long and skinny, V engines, short and wide.

07:19

If Nolan was an engine, he'd be a V.

07:21

If I would be an engine, I'd be an inline.

07:23

If James were an engine, a boxer.

07:27

Good job.

07:28

Twin cylinder Vs, the V twins,

07:30

so obviously there are a ton of Harleys.

07:33

The hogs, they have V twins.

07:34

Which actually some in street bikes.

07:36

I am obsessed with twin-cylinder sport bikes.

07:39

I have an Aprilia Mille, a Honda RC51.

07:41

I've owned a Suzuki TLR9.

07:43

Ducati 1199, I want one of those.

07:46

Volkswagen actually took a Ducati twin engine

07:49

and stuffed it in their XL Sport.

07:50

Mazda's first car, the R360 rear engine kei car was powered

07:54

by a V twin engine.

07:56

We go to V3s.

07:57

There are no cars that I could find with a V3,

07:59

but they are in some motorcycles.

08:01

The V3 engine, it's got two cylinders on one bank

08:03

and one cylinder on the other.

08:05

It's a pretty rare configuration,

08:06

but they did have some MotoGP bikes

08:09

that supported this setup, most famously Honda's NS500.

08:12

Next, we go to V4, a MotoGP staple.

08:16

But while they're the go-to motor in MotoGP,

08:18

there's not a ton in cars.

08:20

The Porsche 919 Hybrid LMP1 car used a two-liter turbo V4

08:25

from 2014 to 2017.

08:26

V5, no cars, but again, got some rare motorcycles,

08:30

the Honda RC211V.

08:32

V6, the most beloved here at the Donut Shop.

08:36

We've blown up two Nissan VQ.

08:38

Right, two?

08:40

- [Man In Background] Yeah.

08:41

- I have an EcoBoost that's a V6.

08:43

You probably have one in your NSX.

08:45

You own an NSX, right?

08:46

Yeah. Cool, cool. Yeah.

08:48

V8, the classic, Hemi, LS1, Ferrari F106,

08:53

the Toyota 1UZ-FE.

08:55

They can be a flathead, overhead valve.

08:57

They can be a push rod with a crossplane

08:59

or flatplane crank.

09:01

The most iconic engine out there

09:02

with boys who like to brag, unless you have a V10

09:06

like in the Viper, or unless you have a V12

09:09

like in an Aston Martin.

09:10

Now, the V12 is a neat engine

09:12

because each bank operates like a straight six.

09:14

Remember,

09:15

the straight six is already a well-balanced engine.

09:17

So, if you use correct V angle between the two banks,

09:20

a V12 engine can achieve perfect balance.

09:23

Now, what wouldn't be balanced would be a V14.

09:26

Which there are no instances of them being in cars,

09:29

but we do have V16 engines.

09:31

Cadillac made a V16 in the 30s.

09:33

There's also a V18 in the BelAZ 75600 hauler trucks,

09:39

one of those big ass mining trucks.

09:40

There's a V20 in the Caterpillar 797 dump truck,

09:44

and a V24 in a custom-built 359 Peterbilt.

09:48

It makes 3,424 horsepower and is insane.

09:51

(engine revving)

09:54

You've probably heard of VR engines before.

09:56

The VR6 badges are on the back of Gulfs, Passats, Jettas,

09:59

and they're all in the Volkswagen lineup.

10:01

Now, VR engines are the results of taking the best

10:04

of both worlds from the inline and V engine layout.

10:06

The word R in VR comes from the German word inline,

10:10

which is reihenmotor.

10:13

Did I do good?

10:14

You get all the benefits of a V engine

10:16

in terms of performance, but package it

10:18

in a way which would allow them to fit into compact cars

10:20

without having to compromise on their size and weight.

10:23

Also, you need only a single cylinder head

10:25

for both banks of cylinders,

10:27

which means only two camshafts are needed.

10:29

Most common is the VR6,

10:31

but there are also a few other versions of the

10:33

V reihenmotor, starting with the not-very-well-known VR4.

10:37

This engine was used in the Lancia Lambda.

10:40

Now, it had a 20 degree narrow-angle single-head VR layout.

10:43

Volkswagen built a 2.3-liter VR5 engine from '97 to 2006.

10:48

Just take a VR6 and take one of the cylinders off.

10:51

Why would you want that?

10:53

Well, when a VR6 is too big.

10:54

So is there anything bigger than a VR6, maybe a VR8?

10:58

Well, there's no single VR8,

11:00

but there is an engine out there that smashes two VR8s

11:03

together to make a double-V or W configuration.

11:07

The W engine uses three or four cylinder banks running

11:10

off the same crank shaft, and it makes that W shape.

11:13

Starting with the smallest, we have the W3.

11:16

You can actually buy 150 cubic-inch Feuling W3 engine

11:20

for your motorcycle for a cool $100,000.

11:23

We have the W6 that was in the Rambler Tropin Wagon.

11:27

If you put two VR4s together, you have a W8.

11:30

The sole W8 engine to reach production

11:32

was the Volkswagen Group W8 engine,

11:34

which was in the Passat.

11:35

You slam two VR6 together and you get the W12.

11:39

We actually did a whole entire episode on "B2B"

11:40

about this engine.

11:42

Click, click here if you want to watch and learn more.

11:44

Put two VR8s together and you get a W16.

11:46

The first car that comes to mind

11:48

in the 16-cylinder configuration is

11:50

of course the Bugatti Veyron.

11:52

But, the earliest prototypes incorporated

11:54

an 18-cylinder engine, the W18.

11:57

There are two ways you can make a W.

11:59

You can have two banks of two

12:01

or you can have three banks have one.

12:03

The W18 is three sets of six-cylinders.

12:06

But, there is a flaw in this design.

12:08

With a standard V layout, you've got your cool intake air

12:11

on one side, you've got your hot exhaust on the other.

12:14

But with the three-bank W engine, you can't do this.

12:17

The way the geometry works out means that you're going

12:19

to have exhaust next to your intake air.

12:21

Hot exhaust doesn't mix your cold intake here.

12:24

So, by the time the Veyron reached production,

12:26

it had ditched a couple of cylinders,

12:27

added four turbochargers, and got their W16,

12:31

which was a pretty smart idea.

12:32

Boxer engine.

12:33

(upbeat music)

12:36

Sometimes called the horizontally opposed or flat engine.

12:39

Subi boys and girls, you guys are having fun right now.

12:42

You're like, yeah, that's my engine.

12:43

Yeah, woo.

12:44

Now, they have a central crank shaft

12:45

with two banks of cylinders.

12:46

But unlike these, boxer engines have cylinders laid

12:49

out horizontally with the pistons moving left and right,

12:52

rather than up and down.

12:54

Now, that horizontal arrangement gives them a low center

12:57

of gravity, which helps give you power to the wheels

12:59

and improves handling of whatever car this engine is in.

13:02

Power delivery, oh, it's super smooth throughout.

13:05

And the engines are easier to cool

13:07

because of this spread out design.

13:09

Now for a long time, these engines were air-cooled.

13:11

But there are some negatives.

13:12

Boxer engines, they're large, okay?

13:14

And because they're big and spread out,

13:16

it's a pain to do some simple jobs.

13:17

Now, I'm not saying it's harder to work

13:20

on them than any other cramped V engine or inline engine.

13:23

I'm not saying that. So don't yell at me, okay?

13:24

The cylinder heads, they can be pushed up

13:26

against the sidewalls of the car.

13:28

Stuff like changing spark plugs is pretty hard to do.

13:31

They're also a little bit more expensive to manufacturer.

13:33

Don't hate me, boxer fans, I'm just giving you the facts,

13:36

Jerry facts.

13:38

So of the boxer engines, we have a flat twin.

13:40

The French company Panhard used a flat twin

13:43

to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans.

13:45

There's the flat four which the OG Beetle sported

13:47

and the beloved or hated Subi EJ.

13:50

There's a flat six in a Porsche 911,

13:52

a flat eight in the Porsche 908.

13:54

And Subaru has even built a flat 12

13:56

to try their hand in building engines for F1.

13:58

There's was also a Ferrari flat 12 out there,

14:01

but it's really not technically a flat 12.

14:03

There's some, like, technicalities

14:05

because they share crank pins.

14:06

A true flat 12 would have separate crank pins.

14:09

But, it's there.

14:10

Actually in 1971, Porsche developed a flat 16 prototype

14:15

for their 917 that raced in the Can-Am series.

14:17

But instead, they ditched it and went

14:19

with a flat 12 that was turbocharged.

14:21

Opposing piston engines often get confused

14:24

with boxer engines, but they are different.

14:25

While the flat layout is similar,

14:27

opposing piston engines have pistons that meet

14:29

in the middle.

14:30

They don't have a cylinder head.

14:32

And because of this, these engines have the potential

14:34

to lower emissions compared to a more standard layout.

14:37

Achates Power has been building diesel versions

14:39

of these engines for some time now,

14:41

but the opposing piston design have been around

14:43

since the early-1900s.

14:45

The Commer TS3, Commer Knocker,

14:48

was an opposing piston engine put in Commer trucks

14:50

in the 50s and 60s.

14:52

It uses two pistons per cylinder, three cylinders total,

14:55

unlike an opposing cylinder engine like the Napier Deltic.

14:58

It used only one central crank.

15:00

And it's voted the most unique engine on this list by me.

15:05

(tape beeping) (engine revving)

15:13

And when I think of the Wankel or rotary engine,

15:15

gotta think of Mazda, spinning Dorito.

15:18

In a Wankel-type engine, there are no piston rods

15:20

and no valve train components.

15:22

There's a single piston that revolves around a gear shaft.

15:25

The inside of this engine is shaped

15:27

so that the triangular piston turns,

15:29

it goes through all four cycles that

15:31

a standard internal combustion engine would go through.

15:33

That's the suck, squeeze, bang, and blow.

15:36

If you want a rotary to make more power,

15:38

you only have a few ways to do it.

15:40

You can use force induction or you can add more rotors.

15:42

We have single rotors like the 40A,

15:44

the good old 13B.

15:46

Or even better, 13B-REW and the RX-7 FD sported two rotors.

15:50

Mazda also use a three-rotor

15:52

in the Le Mans racecar, the 757.

15:54

The R26B used a four-rotor.

15:57

And some Wankel lovers out there even have

16:00

built their own six-rotor and even 12-rotor design.

16:03

That is a lot of spinning Doritos.

16:06

The U engine, also known as the square four.

16:09

These engines are two separate straight engines

16:12

placed side by side and coupled at a shared output shaft.

16:15

Look at them from the front and they look like,

16:17

guess what letters, guys, a U.

16:20

The Ariel Square Four motorcycle

16:21

and the Suzuki RD500 use this U engine.

16:24

The benefit is that it's able to share common parts

16:27

with a straight engine, which it was based off.

16:29

Also, if there's two crankshafts rotating

16:31

in opposite directions, the gyroscopic effect

16:34

of those rotating components cancel out.

16:37

So you have a naturally very, very smooth engine.

16:39

Now, the H engine also uses a similar comp set,

16:42

but they're stacked vertically.

16:44

And H engine or H block is a configuration

16:48

in which the cylinders are aligned so that

16:50

when you view it from the front,

16:51

guess what letter it looks like, guys?

16:53

That's right, an H.

16:55

So, flat fours often look like drunken Hs from above,

16:59

but an H block looks like an actual H

17:01

when staring straight down the pipe.

17:03

So, an H engine can be viewed as two flat engines,

17:06

either one on top of each other or side by side.

17:08

They have their own crank,

17:09

but are geared together to power the transmission.

17:11

The British Racing Motor H16 Formula One engine

17:15

won the 1966 US Grand Prix in the Lotus 43.

17:18

There's even 1,000 cc H4

17:21

in the Brough Superior Golden Dream.

17:23

You know what my golden dream is?

17:24

To shoot an episode of "Bumper 2 Bumper"

17:26

in a Las Vegas hotel room.

17:28

We had to come out here and shoot some episodes,

17:29

and so there's no downtime.

17:31

It's a Saturday.

17:32

We could be out hitting the slots.

17:34

Instead, we're in a freaking hotel room shooting

17:37

an episode of "B2B".

17:38

I hope you guys enjoyed this.

17:39

This was fun making.

17:41

There's a lot of crazy engines out there.

17:42

I know I skipped over some. There's some technicalities.

17:45

So if you're yelling at me in the comments,

17:47

I don't want to hear it.

17:48

Put them down there anyways.

17:49

I'd like to see what I missed, if I did.

17:51

But I don't know if I did.

17:52

Follow us here on Instagram @DonutMedia.

17:55

Follow me @JeremiahBurton.

17:56

'Til next week, bye for now.