Lec-09 I Optical Isomers I Applied Chemistry I Chemical engineering

Chemical Engineering Department_LJIET
29 Jul 202113:40
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video lecture series delves into applied chemistry, focusing on the study of physical properties, organic reactions, and stereochemistry. It explains the significance of these concepts in daily life and industry, covering optical isomers, enantiomers, and diastereomers, and their distinct behaviors towards plane polarized light. The lecture also touches on the applications of these compounds in the food industry and their separation methods, highlighting the importance of understanding stereochemistry in chemical research and development.

Takeaways
  • 📘 Applied Chemistry (subject code 3130506) covers the study of physical properties and organic reactions.
  • 🔍 Chapter one focused on physical properties and their significance in everyday life and industries.
  • 🧪 Chapter two delved into organic reactions, types of reactions, intermediates, and reagents involved.
  • 🌟 Chapter three introduces stereochemistry, which is the study of how compounds interact with light and exhibit different behaviors based on their structure.
  • 🔬 Optical isomers are compounds with similar physical and chemical properties but differ in their behavior towards polarized light.
  • 🔄 Optical isomerism occurs when compounds rotate plane-polarized light in different directions, such as dextro (right) and levo (left) rotation.
  • 🌀 Meso compounds are optical isomers that do not rotate the plane of polarized light, thus appearing neutral.
  • 💫 Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, having the same physical and chemical properties but different behaviors towards plane-polarized light.
  • 🌿 Diastereomers are optical isomers that are not mirror images and are not superimposable, exhibiting different physical and chemical properties.
  • 📊 The properties of enantiomers differ significantly in their biological effects, which can be identified and separated using biological differentiation techniques.
  • 🌈 Plane-polarized light is light in which the vibrations occur in a single direction, and its transformation from unpolarized to polarized light is known as polarization.
Q & A

  • What is the subject code for Applied Chemistry in the lecture series?

    -The subject code for Applied Chemistry in the lecture series is 3130506.

  • What are the two chapters covered in the lecture series so far?

    -The two chapters covered so far are the study of physical properties and the study of organic reactions.

  • How do the physical properties of compounds affect our routine life and industries?

    -The physical properties of compounds are crucial in our routine life and industries as they determine the behavior and applications of substances in various contexts, influencing their use in research, development, and everyday activities.

  • What is the main focus of the second chapter on organic reactions?

    -The second chapter focuses on the types of organic reactions, the intermediates involved, and the types of reagents used, providing an understanding of the compounds and their roles in research and industry.

  • What is the definition of stereochemistry?

    -Stereochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the optical properties of substances, specifically how compounds interact with and behave differently when exposed to light based on their structure and the position of their atoms or functional groups.

  • What are optical isomers and how do they differ from each other?

    -Optical isomers are compounds with similar physical and chemical properties but differ in their behavior towards polarized light. They include dextro rotatory, levo rotatory, and meso forms, which rotate the plane of polarized light to the right, left, or remain neutral, respectively.

  • How can enantiomers be identified and what are their key properties?

    -Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They share similar physical and chemical properties but differ in their behavior towards plane polarized light and have different biological properties. They can be differentiated using biological differentiation techniques.

  • What are diastereomers and how do they differ from optical isomers?

    -Diastereomers are optical isomers that are not mirror images of each other and are not superimposable. They have different physical and chemical properties, unlike optical isomers which have similar properties but differ in their interaction with polarized light.

  • What is plane polarized light and how is it related to stereochemistry?

    -Plane polarized light is light in which the vibrations occur in a single direction. It is fundamental to stereochemistry as it is used to study the behavior of compounds, particularly optical isomers, when exposed to such light.

  • What is the process of polarization and what is its significance in the study of stereochemistry?

    -Polarization is the process of converting unpolarized light, which moves in all directions, into polarized light, which moves in a single direction. It is significant in stereochemistry as it allows the study of how different compounds interact with polarized light, aiding in the identification and analysis of optical isomers.

Outlines
00:00
📘 Introduction to Applied Chemistry and Stereochemistry

This paragraph introduces the video lecture series on Applied Chemistry, with the subject code 3130506. It reviews the two completed chapters on physical properties and organic reactions, emphasizing their importance in daily life and industries. The lecture then transitions to the upcoming chapter on stereochemistry, which explores how compounds interact with light and the resulting differences in behavior due to their structure. The concept of optical isomers is introduced, explaining their similarity in physical and chemical properties but distinct behavior towards polarized light.

05:08
🔄 Understanding Optical Isomers and Enantiomers

This paragraph delves into the specifics of optical isomers, differentiating between levo, dextro, and meso rotatory mixtures. It explains how these isomers rotate plane-polarized light in different directions, with levo and dextro referring to left and right-handed rotations, respectively. The concept of enantiomers is introduced as non-superimposable mirror images, using examples like lactic acid and tartaric acid. The paragraph also discusses the properties of enantiomers, noting their identical physical and chemical properties except for their behavior towards polarized light and their different biological properties, which can be distinguished using biological differentiation techniques.

10:10
🧬 Exploring Diastereomers and Polarized Light

The final paragraph discusses diastereomers, which are optical isomers that are neither mirror images nor superimposable on each other. Using the example of three stereoisomers of chlorobutane, the differences in their structures are highlighted. The paragraph concludes with an introduction to plane-polarized light and the process of polarization, mentioning the use of polarizers in this process, which will be further explored in subsequent sessions.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Applied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry refers to the practical application of chemistry principles in various industries and everyday life. In the video, the subject code for Applied Chemistry is 3130506, and the lecture series focuses on how the study of physical properties and organic reactions within this subject can impact research and development as well as routine life.
💡Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity. In the context of the video, these properties are crucial for understanding how materials interact with light and behave differently, which is essential for the field of stereochemistry.
💡Organic Reactions
Organic reactions are chemical processes that involve the transformation of organic compounds, which are generally based on carbon. The study of these reactions helps in understanding how different compounds are formed and how they can be manipulated for various applications.
💡Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on the three-dimensional shape of molecules and how their spatial arrangement affects their properties and reactivity. It is particularly relevant when discussing the interaction of compounds with light and their optical properties.
💡Optical Isomers
Optical isomers, also known as optical isomers, are compounds that have similar physical and chemical properties but differ in their interaction with polarized light. This phenomenon is known as optical isomerism, and these isomers can rotate the plane of polarized light in different directions, distinguishing them from one another.
💡Enantiomers
Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They have the same physical and chemical properties but differ in their interaction with plane-polarized light and can have different biological effects.
💡Diastereomers
Diastereomers are a type of stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable. They have different physical and chemical properties, which makes them easier to separate using physical methods.
💡Plane-Polarized Light
Plane-polarized light is light whose oscillations vibrate in a specific direction, as opposed to the random vibrations in unpolarized light. This type of light is significant in the study of optical properties of compounds and is used to differentiate between optical isomers.
💡Polarization
Polarization is the process of converting unpolarized light, which vibrates in multiple directions, into plane-polarized light, where the vibrations occur in a single direction. This process is essential for the study of how compounds interact with polarized light and is relevant in stereochemistry.
💡Chiral Reagent
A chiral reagent is a substance that can differentiate between enantiomers during a chemical reaction due to its own chirality or ability to form different products with each enantiomer. This property is crucial for distinguishing between enantiomers, which have the same physical and chemical properties but different biological effects.
💡Biological Properties
Biological properties refer to the effects a substance has on living organisms. In the context of the video, enantiomers, despite having the same physical and chemical properties, can have different biological properties, which can lead to different effects on organisms.
Highlights

The lecture series covers the subject code 3130506 for Applied Chemistry, focusing on the study of physical properties and organic reactions.

Chapter one discusses the importance of physical properties in routine life and industries.

Chapter two delves into organic reactions, types of reactions, intermediates, and reagents involved.

The third chapter introduces stereochemistry, which is the study of how compounds interact with light and behave differently based on their structure.

Optical isomers are compounds with similar physical and chemical properties but differ in their behavior towards polarized light.

The phenomenon of optical isomerism is characterized by the compound's unique interaction with plane polarized light.

Lactic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid are examples of compounds that exhibit optical isomerism.

Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, with different behaviors towards plane polarized light.

Lactic acid serves as an example to illustrate the concept of enantiomers, showing how the position of functional groups changes to create mirror images.

Enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties but differ in their optical activity and biological effects.

Diastereomers are optical isomers that are neither mirror images nor superimposable, with distinct physical and chemical properties.

The concept of plane polarized light and its transformation from unpolarized light is discussed in relation to the study of stereochemistry.

Polarizers are introduced as compounds that facilitate the transformation of light waves, playing a crucial role in the study of stereochemistry.

The lecture emphasizes the practical applications of stereochemistry in research and development as well as in everyday life.

Stereochemistry is based on the understanding that the structure of a compound dictates its interaction with light.

The study of stereochemistry aids in identifying compounds with unique roles in the food industry due to their optical properties.

Biological differentiation techniques can be used to separate enantiomers based on their distinct biological properties.

Transcripts

Browse More Related Video

Lec-10 I Optical Activity in Lactic acid, tartaric acid I Applied Chemistry I Chemical Engineering

5.1 Overview of Isomers | Constitutional Isomers and Stereoisomers | Organic Chemistry

Lec-01 I Introduction to Applied chemistry I Applied Chemistry I Chemical Engineering

More Stereochemical Relationships: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #9

Organic Chemistry 1 Exam 2 Review

5.3 Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers | Enantiomers, Diastereomers, and Meso Compounds | OChem

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Thanks for rating:

Related Tags
Chemistry EducationPhysical PropertiesOrganic ReactionsStereochemistryOptical IsomersEnantiomersDiastereomersPolarized LightIndustry ApplicationsResearch & Development