Lec-01 I Introduction to Applied chemistry I Applied Chemistry I Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department_LJIET
29 Jul 202116:36
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe video introduces the subject of Applied Chemistry, highlighting its relevance in everyday life and various industries. It outlines the different branches of chemistry, including Organic, Inorganic, Physical, Analytical, and Biochemistry, and their applications. The lecture delves into topics such as physical properties of chemicals, organic reactions, stereochemistry, quantum chemistry, phase rule, chemical kinetics, thermochemistry, and the study of semi-porous and non-crystalline substances, liquid crystals, and ceramics. The use of analytical instruments for nano-level measurements is also discussed, emphasizing the practicality and importance of Applied Chemistry in research and development.

Takeaways
  • 📚 Applied chemistry is the study of chemicals and their applications in various industries and research and development.
  • 🌬️ Air is a mixture of gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, all of which are chemicals.
  • 💧 Water, composed of hydrogen and oxygen, is a chemical compound essential for life.
  • 🍽️ Food contains nutrients such as vitamins, proteins, and carbohydrates, which are organic and inorganic compounds.
  • 🔍 The five main branches of chemistry are organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry.
  • 🧪 Organic chemistry focuses on compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and sometimes other elements like halogens and nitrogen.
  • 📈 Physical chemistry examines the physical properties of substances, such as melting point, boiling point, density, and viscosity.
  • 🔬 Analytical chemistry involves the qualitative and quantitative analysis of compounds using various techniques.
  • 🌿 Biochemistry studies biochemical reactions occurring in living organisms like plants and humans.
  • 🔑 Applied chemistry integrates knowledge from all chemistry branches for practical applications in industries like pharmaceuticals and dyeing.
  • 🔍 The subject of applied chemistry covers topics such as physical properties of chemicals, organic reactions, stereochemistry, quantum chemistry, phase rule, chemical kinetics, thermochemistry, and analysis of non-crystalline substances and liquid crystals.
Q & A

  • What is the main focus of Applied Chemistry?

    -Applied Chemistry focuses on the application of knowledge from various branches of chemistry, such as organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry, to solve real-world problems in industries, research and development, and everyday life.

  • What are the five main branches of chemistry mentioned in the script?

    -The five main branches of chemistry mentioned are Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, and Biochemistry.

  • How is chemistry present in our daily lives?

    -Chemistry is present in our daily lives through the air we breathe, which is a mixture of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide; the water we drink, which is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen; and the food we eat, which contains various organic and inorganic compounds and nutrients.

  • What are the two main types of organic compounds?

    -The two main types of organic compounds are aliphatic compounds, which are open-chain compounds, and aromatic compounds, which include benzene and its derivatives.

  • What is the role of functional groups in organic compounds?

    -Functional groups in organic compounds determine their chemical properties and reactivity. They are specific groups of atoms within molecules that impart characteristic chemical properties and reactions to the compound.

  • What does stereochemistry study?

    -Stereochemistry studies the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules and the effects of these arrangements on the properties and reactivity of the compounds. It deals with concepts like enantiomers, which are mirror-image non-superimposable molecules.

  • What is the significance of the phase rule in chemistry?

    -The phase rule is a fundamental principle in chemistry that helps predict the number of phases and the conditions under which different phases of a substance coexist. It is used to understand phase diagrams and the behavior of substances under varying temperatures and pressures.

  • What does chemical kinetics involve?

    -Chemical kinetics involves the study of the rates at which chemical reactions occur. It includes understanding the factors that influence reaction rates, such as molecularity and order of the reaction, to predict how reactions will proceed under different conditions.

  • What is thermochemistry and what does it study?

    -Thermochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry that studies the heat changes associated with chemical reactions. It examines the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy changes during reactions, helping to understand exothermic and endothermic processes.

  • What are some applications of semi-porous and non-crystalline substances?

    -Semi-porous and non-crystalline substances have various applications, including the manufacturing of cement, insulators, refractories, and liquid crystals used in displays like LCDs and other technologies.

  • Why are analytical instruments like mass spectrometry and electron microscopy important in chemistry?

    -Analytical instruments such as mass spectrometry and electron microscopy are crucial for studying and analyzing substances at the nanoscale level. They provide detailed information about the composition, structure, and properties of samples, which is essential in research and quality control across various industries.

Outlines
00:00
📚 Introduction to Applied Chemistry

This paragraph introduces Sugrudi Joshi, a lecturer from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology, who is going to teach the subject of Applied Chemistry (code 3130506). The fundamental concept of chemistry is explained, emphasizing that chemistry is the study of chemicals, which are ubiquitous in our surroundings, such as in air, water, and food. The paragraph outlines the various branches of chemistry, including organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and applied chemistry. It also explains how applied chemistry involves the application of knowledge from these branches in everyday life, industries, and research and development.

05:03
🧪 Core Concepts and Applications in Applied Chemistry

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of applied chemistry, detailing the various applications and topics covered in the subject. It discusses the study of physical properties of chemicals, such as paracore, viscosity, dipole moment, and molar refraction. The paragraph also covers organic reactions, explaining the nature of organic compounds and their classification into aliphatic and aromatic, with a focus on benzene and functional groups. Stereochemistry and its relation to optical properties is introduced, with examples like enantiomers. Quantum chemistry and phase rule are also discussed, highlighting the importance of understanding the position of electrons and the phases present in a system.

10:03
🌡️ Phases, Kinetics, and Thermochemistry in Applied Chemistry

This paragraph focuses on the study of phase diagrams, degree of freedom, and Gibbs phase rule, explaining how they help understand the behavior of substances under varying conditions of pressure and temperature. The concept of chemical kinetics is introduced, discussing rate laws and the factors affecting the speed of chemical reactions. Thermochemistry is explored, examining heat changes in reactions, such as exothermic and endothermic processes, and the role of entropy and enthalpy. The paragraph also touches on semi-porous and non-crystalline substances, including cement, insulators, refractories, and liquid crystals, and their applications in various industries.

15:05
🔬 Analytical Techniques in Applied Chemistry

The final paragraph discusses the analytical techniques used in applied chemistry, including mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and particulate size analyzer (PSA). These techniques are crucial for studying substances at the nano level or in nano quantities. The paragraph emphasizes the sophistication of these instruments and their ability to provide detailed data on minute samples, which is essential in the field of applied chemistry.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Applied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the practical applications of chemistry in various industries and research and development. It takes the fundamental knowledge from organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry and uses it to solve real-world problems. In the video, the lecturer is teaching a course on applied chemistry, which includes studying the physical properties of chemicals, organic reactions, and other topics to understand their behavior and application in everyday life.
💡Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of organic compounds, which are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and often oxygen, along with other elements like halogens and nitrogen. These compounds are the basis of many substances essential to life and are involved in various chemical reactions. In the context of the video, organic chemistry is one of the key areas within applied chemistry, where the study of compounds containing carbon-hydrogen bonds is crucial.
💡Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity. These include properties like melting point, boiling point, density, and viscosity. Understanding the physical properties of chemicals is fundamental in applied chemistry as it helps predict how substances will behave under different conditions. The video script emphasizes the study of physical properties to gain insights into the behavior of chemicals.
💡Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry is a subfield of chemistry that focuses on the three-dimensional shape of molecules and the effects of these shapes on chemical reactions and properties. It deals with concepts like enantiomers, which are molecules that are mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed, similar to left and right hands. Stereochemistry is important in applied chemistry because it can influence how molecules interact with each other, such as in drug design where the shape of a molecule can determine its effectiveness.
💡Quantum Chemistry
Quantum chemistry is the application of quantum mechanics to chemical systems. It involves the use of mathematical models to describe the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules. Quantum chemistry helps to predict molecular structures, properties, and reactivity by providing a detailed understanding of the electronic structure of molecules. In the video, quantum chemistry is mentioned as a way to understand the position of electrons around the atomic nucleus and is integral to the study of applied chemistry.
💡Phase Rule
The Phase Rule, also known as Gibbs Phase Rule, is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics that helps predict the number of possible phases in a system at equilibrium based on the number of components and the degree of freedom. It is a crucial concept in applied chemistry as it allows chemists to understand and predict phase transitions and the stability of substances under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. The video script mentions the phase rule in the context of studying phases and phase diagrams.
💡Chemical Kinetics
Chemical Kinetics is the study of the rates at which chemical reactions occur. It involves understanding the factors that influence the speed of reactions, such as the molecularity and order of the reaction. Chemical kinetics is essential in applied chemistry as it helps in optimizing industrial processes, understanding reaction mechanisms, and controlling the outcomes of chemical transformations. The video script highlights the importance of chemical kinetics in studying the detailed steps of multi-step chemical reactions.
💡Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry that deals with the study of heat changes associated with chemical reactions. It involves understanding how much heat is absorbed or released during a reaction, and how these heat changes relate to other properties like entropy and enthalpy. Thermochemistry is important in applied chemistry as it provides insights into energy changes, which are crucial for designing efficient chemical processes and understanding the energy aspects of reactions.
💡Semi-Porous and Non-Crystalline Substances
Semi-porous and non-crystalline substances are materials that have a structure in which the particles are not arranged in a highly ordered, repeating pattern as in crystalline structures. Semi-porous materials have pores that allow the passage of certain substances, while non-crystalline substances lack a long-range order. These materials have various applications in applied chemistry, such as in the production of cement, insulators, and refractories. The video script discusses these types of substances to highlight their importance in different industries.
💡Analytical Instruments
Analytical Instruments are tools and devices used to analyze chemical substances, determine their composition, and measure their properties. These instruments are essential in applied chemistry for quality control, research, and development. They can provide detailed information about the sample at the nano-level or in nano-quantity. Some common analytical instruments mentioned in the video include mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and particle size analyzers (PSA).
Highlights

Introduction to Applied Chemistry and its relevance to everyday life.

Chemistry defined as the study of chemicals found in our surroundings such as air, water, and food.

Air as a mixture of gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.

Water composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, both being chemicals.

Food containing various nutrients which are organic or inorganic compounds.

The five types of chemistry: Organic, Inorganic, Physical, Analytical, and Biochemistry.

Applied Chemistry as the application of chemical sciences in industries and research and development.

Physical properties of chemicals such as paracore, viscosity, dipole moment, and molar refraction.

Organic compounds defined and their importance in aliphatic and aromatic categories.

Stereochemistry focusing on optical properties and the study of enantiomers.

Quantum chemistry with wave and mechanical approaches leading to wave mechanics.

Phase Rule explained with components, degrees of freedom, and its application in phase diagrams.

Chemical Kinetics involving rate laws, molecularity, and order of reactions.

Thermochemistry studying heat changes in reactions like exothermic and endothermic processes.

Non-crystalline substances including cements, insulators, refractories, and liquid crystals.

Ceramics and its applications in food storage and other industries.

Analytical instruments and techniques such as mass spectrometry and electron microscopy.

Transcripts

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