Lec-32 l NMR Spectroscopy l Applied chemistry | Chemical engineering

Chemical Engineering Department_LJIET
29 Jul 202113:38
EducationalLearning
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TLDRIn this video lecture series, Subrudhi Joshi from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ahmedabad, delves into Applied Chemistry, specifically focusing on chapter nine which covers analytical techniques. Joshi introduces various analytical instruments and their applications, emphasizing both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The lecture highlights sophisticated methods such as NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry, explaining their principles and how they provide precise results for the composition and structure of substances. The importance of these techniques in understanding the physical and chemical properties of materials is underscored, with applications spanning across industries and scientific research.

Takeaways
  • 📚 The lecture series is on Applied Chemistry with the subject code 3130506.
  • 🔍 Chapter nine focuses on Analytical Techniques, which include both qualitative and quantitative analysis.
  • 🧪 Qualitative analysis is used to identify the properties and sample composition, while quantitative analysis determines the amount of compounds in a mixture.
  • 🌟 Analytical instruments are studied for their applications in understanding the structure and composition of materials.
  • 📈 The lecture covers various sophisticated techniques like NMR Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Mass Spectrometry, and EDX RF.
  • 💫 NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, a powerful technique for characterizing organic molecules by identifying carbon and hydrogen frameworks.
  • 🧲 The principle of NMR spectroscopy relies on the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei and their resonance in a magnetic field.
  • 🔬 Two common types of NMR are Carbon-13 NMR and Proton (1H) NMR, each identifying the carbon and hydrogen frameworks within molecules respectively.
  • 🏢 Modern NMR spectrometers use a constant magnetic field and a fluctuating frequency to detect resonance and identify compounds.
  • 🌐 NMR spectroscopy has wide applications in food industry, pharmaceuticals, and chemical analysis for determining molecular structure, dynamics, and chemical environment.
Q & A

  • What is the subject code for Applied Chemistry?

    -The subject code for Applied Chemistry is 3130506.

  • What types of analysis are covered in Chapter 9 of the Applied Chemistry course?

    -Chapter 9 covers both qualitative and quantitative analysis using various analytical techniques and instruments.

  • What does qualitative analysis involve?

    -Qualitative analysis involves identifying the properties and characteristics of a sample to determine its composition.

  • What does quantitative analysis involve?

    -Quantitative analysis involves determining the exact amount or concentration of a compound in a solution or mixture.

  • What is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy?

    -Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to characterize organic molecules by identifying carbon and hydrogen frameworks within the molecules.

  • What are the two common types of NMR spectroscopy mentioned in the script?

    -The two common types of NMR spectroscopy mentioned are Carbon-13 NMR and Proton (1H) NMR.

  • How does the principle of NMR spectroscopy work?

    -NMR spectroscopy works by exploiting the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei to determine their physical and chemical properties within a molecule. It involves the orientation of spinning protons in the presence of a magnetic field.

  • What are the components of an NMR spectrometer?

    -An NMR spectrometer typically includes a strong magnet, a sample tube, RF (radio frequency) coils, a detector, and a magnetic controller to regulate the magnetic field and radio frequency.

  • What is the significance of the chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy?

    -The chemical shift represents the relative energy of resonance of a nucleus resulting from its local environment. It is crucial for identifying the structure and composition of a molecule.

  • What are some applications of NMR spectroscopy?

    -NMR spectroscopy is used in various fields including food industry, pharmaceuticals, and chemical analysis for determining the structure, dynamics, reaction states, and chemical environments of molecules.

  • How are samples prepared for NMR spectroscopy?

    -Samples for NMR spectroscopy are generally dissolved in a solvent, such as deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), and placed under the influence of a magnetic field for analysis.

Outlines
00:00
📚 Introduction to Analytical Techniques

This paragraph introduces the topic of applied chemistry and specifically focuses on chapter nine, which is about analytical techniques. The speaker, Subrudhi Joshi, explains that the session will cover the study of analytical instruments and their applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis. It mentions previously learned topics such as the phase rule, chemical kinetics, and the properties of non-crystalline and non-porous substances. The introduction sets the stage for a deeper understanding of various analytical techniques like NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, mass spectrometry, and EDX RF, emphasizing their precision in providing final results for substance analysis.

05:03
🧪 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

In this paragraph, the distinction between qualitative and quantitative analysis is clarified. Qualitative analysis involves identifying the properties and characteristics of a sample, while quantitative analysis determines the amount of compounds present in a solution or mixture. The paragraph also delves into instrumental methods, which measure physical properties of substances such as conductivity, pH, electron potential, and mass-to-charge ratio, among others. The discussion transitions into an introduction to NMR spectroscopy, highlighting its full form (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) and its relevance in characterizing organic molecules by identifying carbon-hydrogen frameworks within the molecules.

10:03
🔬 Principles and Instrumentation of NMR Spectroscopy

This paragraph provides a detailed explanation of NMR spectroscopy, including its principles and instrumentation. It describes how NMR exploits the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei to determine the physical and chemical properties of the atoms or molecules. The paragraph explains the role of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and how their orientation in a magnetic field leads to identification of substances. The instrumentation aspect covers the use of a strong magnet, RF transmitter, and detector in the NMR process. It also touches upon the sample preparation and how the radio frequency generator causes resonance in the protons, leading to the absorption of frequency for identification. The paragraph concludes by mentioning the applications of NMR spectroscopy in various industries and its ability to provide detailed information about molecular structure, dynamics, and environment.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Applied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry refers to the practical application of chemistry principles and techniques to solve real-world problems. In the video, this concept is central as the lecture series focuses on the subject code 3130506, exploring various branches of chemistry and their applications in different fields.
💡Analytical Techniques
Analytical Techniques are methods used to study the chemical composition and structure of substances. They can be qualitative or quantitative, and involve the use of sophisticated instruments to provide precise results. In the video, the chapter on analytical techniques is introduced, emphasizing the importance of these methods in understanding the properties and composition of materials.
💡NMR Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is an analytical technique that uses the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei to determine the physical and chemical properties of atoms or molecules. It is particularly useful for characterizing organic molecules by identifying carbon-hydrogen frameworks within the molecules.
💡Qualitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis refers to the process of identifying and describing the qualities or properties of a sample. It is concerned with determining the characteristics of a substance without necessarily quantifying it. In the context of the video, qualitative analysis helps in the identification of the sample's properties.
💡Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis involves measuring the amount or concentration of a substance within a sample. It provides numerical data about the composition of a mixture or solution. The video emphasizes the importance of quantitative analysis in determining the precise amounts of compounds present.
💡Instrumental Methods
Instrumental Methods are techniques that use analytical instruments to measure the physical properties of a substance, such as conductivity, pH, electron potential, and mass-to-charge ratio. These methods are essential for both qualitative and quantitative analysis and are highlighted in the video as a key aspect of analytical techniques.
💡Chemical Shift
Chemical Shift in NMR spectroscopy refers to the relative energy difference between the resonant frequency of a nucleus in a sample and a reference standard. It is influenced by the local environment of the nucleus, providing valuable information about the molecule's structure and composition.
💡Magnetic Field
A Magnetic Field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. In the context of NMR spectroscopy, a strong magnetic field is used to align the protons in a sample, which is crucial for inducing resonance and obtaining analytical data.
💡Radio Frequency (RF)
Radio Frequency (RF) refers to the range of electromagnetic frequencies from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. In NMR spectroscopy, an RF transmitter is used to irradiate the sample with radio frequency waves, which induces resonance in the nuclei, leading to the absorption of specific frequencies that provide information about the sample's composition.
💡Hyphenated Methods
Hyphenated Methods in analytical chemistry refer to the combination of two or more analytical techniques to provide more comprehensive and detailed information about a sample. These methods are often used to enhance the precision and accuracy of the analysis.
💡Spectrometer
A Spectrometer is an instrument used to measure the intensity of light or other electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength or frequency. In the context of the video, an NMR spectrometer is specifically used to perform NMR spectroscopy, providing detailed structural information about molecules.
Highlights

Introduction to Applied Chemistry and its various branches and applications.

Starting the lecture series with Chapter 9 on Analytical Techniques.

Analytical techniques encompass both qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Explanation of qualitative analysis focusing on the identification of properties and sample types.

Quantitative analysis involves determining the amount of compounds in a mixture.

Instrumental methods for the measurement of physical properties like conductivity, pH, and mass to charge ratio.

Introduction to NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy as a powerful analytical technique.

The role of NMR in characterizing organic molecules by identifying carbon and hydrogen frameworks.

Explanation of the two common types of NMR: Carbon-13 NMR and Proton (1H) NMR.

Principle of NMR spectroscopy involving the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.

Description of the setup for NMR spectroscopy including the sample tube, RF transmitter, and detector.

The process of resonance and how it is used to identify compounds in NMR spectroscopy.

Modern NMR spectrometers with constant and fluctuating frequencies for identifying compounds.

Chemical shift as a term to describe the relative energy of resonance based on the local environment of a nucleus.

Applications of NMR spectroscopy in various industries and laboratories for detailed molecular analysis.

NMR's capability to analyze the structure, dynamics, reaction states, and chemical environment of molecules.

Use of NMR in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, and chemical analysis of products.

The importance of NMR in identifying new molecules and carbon hydrogen frameworks.

Transcripts

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