Dental occlusion - Angle’s classifications

Osmosis from Elsevier
10 Jun 202012:34
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe video script offers an insightful overview of human dental anatomy and the classification of malocclusion. It explains the structure of the mouth, highlighting the mandible and maxilla bones, and the role of teeth in the process of mastication. The script delves into the types of teeth, such as incisors, canines, premolars, molars, and wisdom teeth, and describes their surfaces and functions. It also introduces the concept of dental occlusion, detailing how teeth should align when the jaw moves. The Angles classification system is used to categorize malocclusion into three classes, each with its own characteristics and potential causes, such as overcrowding or jaw size discrepancies. The video concludes with a call to action for further learning on the topic, emphasizing the importance of understanding dental health.

Takeaways
  • 🦷 The mouth is composed of the mandible and maxilla, which support the teeth and are covered by gums with sockets for each tooth.
  • 🦷🦷 There are 32 permanent teeth in the human mouth, which are categorized into incisors for cutting, canines for tearing, premolars, and molars for grinding.
  • 📏 Each tooth has five surfaces named according to their location and function, including occlusal surfaces for chewing and incisal edges for cutting.
  • 📏📏 Proximal surfaces are the sides of the teeth that face adjacent teeth, and can be mesial (towards the midline) or distal (away from the midline).
  • 🗻 The occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars feature a central fossa and ridges that resemble mountain ridges, aiding in the grinding process.
  • 🏞️ Facial surfaces of teeth are those adjacent to the cheeks or lips, while labial surfaces face the lip and lingual surfaces face the tongue.
  • 🦷🏔️ Cingulum refers to the small hump on some anterior teeth, and dental occlusion is about how teeth align from open to closed jaw.
  • 🦷🔄 Malocclusion is when teeth do not align properly, and Angle's classification system categorizes this misalignment based on the position of the maxillary first molar or canine.
  • 📏📏📏 Class I malocclusion is common and features a normal molar relationship and a straight facial profile.
  • 📏📏📏 Class II malocclusion, or distal occlusion, results in an overjet and can have two divisions, leading to a convex facial profile.
  • 📏📏📏 Class III malocclusion, or mesial occlusion, results in a negative overjet and can be caused by genetic factors (skeletal) or an anterior shift in the mandible (pseudo), leading to a concave facial profile.
  • 📚 For a deeper understanding of dental anatomy and occlusion, Osmosis offers study tools including flashcards and practice questions.
Q & A

  • What are the two key bones that make up the mouth?

    -The mandible, which is the bone beneath the bottom row of teeth, and the maxilla, which is the bone above the top row of teeth.

  • What are the central and lateral incisors used for?

    -The central and lateral incisors are used for cutting into something, such as a juicy peach.

  • Why are canines also called cuspids?

    -Canines are also called cuspids because the word 'cusp' means point, and canines have pointed tips.

  • How many permanent teeth are there in an adult mouth?

    -There are 32 permanent teeth in an adult mouth.

  • What are the occlusal surfaces and incisal edges?

    -The occlusal surfaces are the chewing surfaces of posterior teeth, and the incisal edges are the cutting edges of anterior teeth.

  • What is a cingulum and where is it located?

    -A cingulum is a small hump on the surface of anterior teeth, located about one-third of the way from the gums toward the occlusal surface.

  • What causes malocclusion and how is it classified?

    -Malocclusion is caused by misalignment of the teeth when the jaw closes. It is classified using Angle's classification, which is based on the position of the maxillary first permanent molar.

  • What characterizes a Class I malocclusion?

    -Class I malocclusion is characterized by the mesial buccal cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar aligning with the mesial buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, resulting in a normal facial appearance from the side.

  • How does Class II malocclusion differ from Class I?

    -Class II malocclusion, or distoclusion, occurs when the mandibular teeth are positioned distally relative to the maxillary teeth, resulting in a convex facial appearance. It has subtypes, including division 1 with proclined central incisors and division 2 with retroclined central incisors.

  • What is a Class III malocclusion and its subtypes?

    -Class III malocclusion, or mesioclusion, is characterized by the maxillary first permanent molar aligning posterior to the mandibular first permanent molar's mesial buccal groove. Subtypes include true Class III caused by genetics and pseudo Class III caused by an anterior shift in the mandible.

Outlines
00:00
🦷 Understanding the Human Mouth and Teeth Structure

This paragraph delves into the complexities of the human mouth, focusing on the structure and function of teeth. It explains the composition of the mouth, highlighting the mandible and maxilla bones, and the role of gums and alveoli. The description of teeth is comprehensive, detailing the types of teeth such as incisors, canines, premolars, molars, and wisdom teeth, and their respective roles in the mouth. The paragraph also covers the surfaces and features of teeth, including chewing surfaces, incisal edges, proximal surfaces, facial and lingual surfaces, and the unique characteristics of molars and premolars. It concludes with an exploration of dental occlusion and the various classifications of malocclusion based on the position of the maxillary first molar or canines.

05:00
📏 Angles Classification of Malocclusion

The second paragraph provides an in-depth look at the Angles classification system for malocclusion, developed by Edward Angle. It discusses the importance of the maxillary first molar or canine in determining the classification. The system categorizes malocclusion into three classes based on the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Class one malocclusion is characterized by a normal relationship between the molars and canines, resulting in a balanced facial profile. Class two malocclusion, also known as distal occlusion, is marked by the mandibular teeth being positioned distally to the maxillary teeth, leading to a convex facial profile. It has two divisions, with division one featuring proclined maxillary front teeth and division two characterized by retroclined central incisors. Class three malocclusion, or mesial occlusion, is identified by the maxillary molar aligning posterior to the mandibular molars, causing a concave facial profile. The paragraph also explains the subtypes of class three malocclusion, including the skeletal and pseudo-class three malocclusions.

10:02
🔍 Recap of Malocclusion Classes and Their Impact

The final paragraph serves as a recap of the different classes of malocclusion and their impact on facial appearance. It reiterates that class one malocclusion results in a straight facial profile, while class two malocclusion, with its two divisions, results in a convex facial profile characterized by an overjet and potential crowding of teeth. Class three malocclusion leads to a concave facial profile due to a negative overjet. The paragraph also touches on the skeletal and pseudo-class three malocclusions, explaining their causes and the resulting facial profiles. The video concludes with an invitation to explore further resources on the topic for a deeper understanding of dental occlusion and malocclusion.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Osmosis
Osmosis is a learning platform designed to simplify the study of medicine by converting lectures and notes into a personalized study plan. It includes exclusive videos, practice questions, and flashcards, which are essential tools for medical students. In the context of the video, Osmosis makes the challenging work of learning medicine more accessible and efficient.
💡Mandible
The mandible is the lower jawbone that supports the lower teeth. It plays a crucial role in the structure of the mouth and is essential for chewing and speech. In the video, the mandible is mentioned as one of the key bones making up the mouth, highlighting its importance in dental anatomy.
💡Maxilla
The maxilla is the upper jawbone that supports the upper teeth. It is a significant part of the facial structure and is involved in various functions such as breathing, smelling, and supporting the eyes and nose. In the video, the maxilla is discussed alongside the mandible as it forms the upper part of the mouth containing the top row of teeth.
💡Incisors
Incisors are the front teeth, both upper and lower, that are designed for cutting into food. They are named central and lateral incisors, and they are essential for the initial step in the process of mastication. In the video, incisors are described as being used for cutting into items like a juicy peach, emphasizing their function in the mouth.
💡Canines
Canines, also known as cuspids, are the pointed teeth that are used for gripping and tearing food. They are longer and sharper than other teeth and play a critical role in the process of tearing meat. In the video, the canines are highlighted for their distinctive function and are associated with the word 'cusp,' which refers to the pointed structure on the tooth.
💡Premolars
Premolars, also referred to as bicuspids, are teeth that come after the canines and have two cusps each. They are involved in the process of grinding and crushing food. The video mentions first and second premolars, indicating their sequential position in the mouth and their role in the breakdown of food.
💡Molars
Molars are the teeth located at the back of the mouth, which typically have four to five cusps. They are primarily used for crushing and grinding food into smaller pieces for easier swallowing and digestion. The video discusses the first and second permanent molars, emphasizing their importance in the process of mastication.
💡Wisdom Teeth
Wisdom teeth, or third permanent molars, are the last teeth to erupt in the mouth. Some individuals may not have these teeth emerge at all. When they do, they can sometimes cause crowding or impaction due to lack of space. In the video, wisdom teeth are mentioned as part of the total count of 32 permanent teeth in the human mouth.
💡Occlusion
Occlusion refers to the way in which the upper and lower teeth align and come together when the jaw moves from an open to a closed position. It is a critical aspect of dental health and function. The video discusses dental occlusion in the context of malocclusion, which is a misalignment of teeth that can lead to various dental and orthodontic issues.
💡Malocclusion
Malocclusion is a condition where the teeth do not align properly, which can affect the ability to chew, speak, and the overall appearance of the face. The video provides a detailed classification of malocclusion into classes, each with specific characteristics and potential causes, such as overcrowding or jaw size discrepancies.
💡Angles Classification
The Angles classification is a system used to categorize malocclusion based on the position of the maxillary first permanent molar or, in some cases, the canines. It is a fundamental concept in orthodontics and helps in diagnosing and treating misalignment of teeth. The video explains the different classes of malocclusion under the Angles system, including Class I, II, and III, and their subtypes.
Highlights

Learning medicine is hard work; osmosis makes it easy with personalized study plans, exclusive videos, practice questions, and flashcards.

The mouth is made up of two key bones: the mandible (below the bottom row of teeth) and the maxilla (above the top row of teeth).

Each tooth is set in an alveolus or socket and lined by the gums.

The mouth is symmetrically divided, and each side contains permanent (adult) teeth.

Teeth are categorized: central incisors, lateral incisors (used for cutting), canines (gripping and tearing), premolars (crushing), and molars (grinding).

There are 32 permanent teeth, divided into anterior (front) and posterior (back) teeth.

Each tooth has five surfaces named based on location and function: chewing (occlusal for posterior, incisal for anterior), proximal (mesial and distal), facial (buccal and labial), and lingual (for lower teeth) or palatal (for upper teeth).

The cingulum is a small hump on each anterior tooth, about one-third from the gums toward the chewing surface.

Molars and premolars have central fossae, marginal ridges, triangular ridges, transverse ridges, and oblique ridges.

Tooth contacts and spaces include grooves, pits, proximal contacts, and embrasures.

Dental occlusion refers to the alignment of teeth as the jaw opens and closes. Malocclusion is the misalignment of teeth.

Angles classification categorizes malocclusion based on the position of the maxillary first permanent molar or canines.

Class 1 malocclusion involves normal molar alignment but can include tooth or jaw irregularities.

Class 2 malocclusion (distocclusion) involves mandibular teeth positioned distal to maxillary teeth, resulting in retrognathia or a convex facial profile.

Class 3 malocclusion (mesioclusion) involves mandibular teeth positioned mesial to maxillary teeth, resulting in prognathism or a concave facial profile.

Class 2 and Class 3 malocclusions have subtypes based on tooth inclination and genetic or postural causes.

Osmosis offers a deeper dive into these topics with flashcards, questions, and tools to help learn medicine effectively.

Transcripts

Browse More Related Video

Angle's Classification of Malocclusion - Orthodontics

Basic Dental Terminology

Dental Terminology (How To Understand Your Dentist)

Occlusion Part 1

Basic Dental Terminology - UPDATED

Eruption of primary and permanent dentitions

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Thanks for rating:

Related Tags
Dental AnatomyMedical EducationStudy ToolTeeth StructureOcclusion TypesMandibleMaxillaIncisorsCaninesPremolarsMolarsWisdom TeethOral HealthMedical StudyEducational PlatformAnatomy OverviewTeeth FunctionMalocclusionDental Classification