How to find the Protons Neutrons and Electrons of an element on the Periodic table

MooMooMath and Science
27 May 202004:22
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis educational video script introduces viewers to the periodic table, explaining how to use it to identify an element's name, symbol, atomic number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It demonstrates the process with examples like silver, potassium, tin, and fluorine, showing how to calculate the mass number and determine the number of neutrons. The script is designed to enhance understanding of the periodic table and its applications in chemistry.

Takeaways
  • 📚 The periodic table is a tool to find an element's name, symbol, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • 🔍 Each box on the periodic table contains specific information about an element, including its symbol, name, atomic number, and atomic mass.
  • 👉 The symbol of an element is a one or two-letter abbreviation derived from its English or Latin name.
  • 🌟 The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus and also the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
  • ⚡ To find the number of electrons, subtract any charge an atom might have from the atomic number.
  • 🔧 Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, but this does not change the element's identity.
  • 🤲 The atomic mass listed is a weighted average of all the element's isotopes' masses.
  • ⚖️ Rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number gives the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope.
  • 🏷️ For silver (Ag), with an atomic number of 47, there are 47 protons, 47 electrons, and 61 neutrons (mass number 108).
  • 🥑 For potassium (K), with an atomic number of 19, there are 19 protons, 19 electrons, and 20 neutrons (mass number 39).
  • 🔩 For tin (Sn), with an atomic number of 50, there are 50 protons, 50 electrons, and 69 neutrons (mass number 119).
  • 🍍 For fluorine (F), with an atomic number of 9, there are 9 protons, 9 electrons, and 10 neutrons (mass number 19).
  • 📈 The script encourages viewers to learn more about the periodic table through a dedicated playlist and to follow for daily math and science videos.
Q & A

  • What is the primary purpose of the periodic table?

    -The primary purpose of the periodic table is to organize and display elements based on their atomic number, symbol, and other properties such as the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

  • How does one determine the number of protons in an element?

    -The number of protons in an element is determined by its atomic number, which is found at the top of each element's box on the periodic table.

  • What is the significance of an element's symbol?

    -An element's symbol is a one or two-letter abbreviation derived from the element's English or Latin name, and it serves as a unique identifier for that element.

  • How can you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom?

    -In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number, as the atom has not gained or lost any electrons.

  • What is an ion and how does it relate to the number of electrons in an atom?

    -An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. The number of electrons can change to form ions, but the element itself remains the same.

  • What is the atomic mass listed on the periodic table, and how is it calculated?

    -The atomic mass listed on the periodic table is the weighted average of the masses of all the element's isotopes. It represents the average mass of an atom of the element.

  • How do you calculate the mass number of an isotope?

    -The mass number of an isotope is calculated by rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number, which gives the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in that specific isotope.

  • How can you find the number of neutrons in an element?

    -To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number (rounded atomic mass). The result is the number of neutrons in the atom.

  • What is the difference between the atomic number and the number of protons in an element?

    -The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is also equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. The number of protons defines the element and its chemical properties.

  • Why does the atomic mass on the periodic table represent a weighted average?

    -The atomic mass is a weighted average because an element can have multiple isotopes with different numbers of neutrons. The weighted average takes into account the relative abundance of each isotope to give a representative atomic mass.

  • How does the charge of an atom affect the number of electrons?

    -The charge of an atom affects the number of electrons in the form of ions. An atom can gain or lose electrons to become an ion, but the number of protons remains unchanged.

  • What is the relationship between the atomic mass and the number of neutrons?

    -The atomic mass is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom. Therefore, by knowing the atomic mass and the atomic number (number of protons), one can calculate the number of neutrons.

Outlines
00:00
📚 Introduction to the Periodic Table

This paragraph introduces viewers to the periodic table, explaining its purpose and how to use it to identify elements' names, symbols, atomic numbers, and the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It emphasizes understanding the structure of the periodic table, starting with carbon as an example, and moving on to silver, potassium, and fluorine. The explanation includes how to calculate the number of electrons and neutrons, as well as the atomic mass and mass number of isotopes.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a systematic arrangement of all chemical elements, organized by atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. It serves as a fundamental tool in chemistry for understanding the properties and relationships between elements. In the video, the Periodic Table is used to find information about specific elements such as their name, symbol, atomic number, and other characteristics.
💡Element Symbol
An Element Symbol is a one or two-letter abbreviation derived from an element's English or Latin name, which uniquely identifies each element in the periodic table. These symbols are internationally recognized and are crucial for scientific communication and understanding chemical compositions.
💡Atomic Number
The Atomic Number of an element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is a unique identifier for each element and determines the element's position in the periodic table. The atomic number also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
💡Protons
Protons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They carry a positive electric charge and their number defines the identity of the element. The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic number.
💡Neutrons
Neutrons are subatomic particles that, along with protons, reside in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons have no electric charge and their number, combined with the number of protons, determines the atomic mass of an element. The number of neutrons can vary among isotopes of the same element.
💡Electrons
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They play a key role in chemical reactions and the formation of chemical bonds. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
💡Ion
An Ion is an atom or molecule that has an unequal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. Atoms can become ions by gaining or losing electrons. Positively charged ions are called cations, while negatively charged ions are called anions.
💡Atomic Mass
The Atomic Mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of that element, taking into account their relative abundance. It is typically expressed in atomic mass units (amu) and can be approximated by rounding to the nearest whole number.
💡Isotopes
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in nucleon number, but not in proton number. Each isotope of an element has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses.
💡Charge
In the context of atoms and ions, Charge refers to the electrical property of an object that results from the presence of an excess or deficit of electrons. Atoms with a neutral charge have an equal number of protons and electrons, whereas ions have an unequal number, leading to a positive or negative charge.
💡Mass Number
The Mass Number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is a whole number and is used to differentiate isotopes of the same element, which have the same atomic number but different neutron counts.
Highlights

The video teaches how to use the periodic table to find an element's name, symbol, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Each box in the periodic table contains specific information about an element.

The symbol of an element is a one or two-letter abbreviation derived from its English or Latin name.

The element's common name is found above its symbol on the periodic table.

The atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus, is also represented as well as the number of electrons.

To find the number of electrons, subtract the charge an atom can gain or lose; elements have a 0 charge in their neutral state.

An atom can become an ion by gaining or losing electrons, which does not change its identity.

The atomic mass listed is the weighted average of all the element's isotopes.

Rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number gives the mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope.

Silver (Ag) has an atomic number of 47, meaning it has 47 protons, and thus also has 47 electrons.

The mass number of silver is approximately 107.87, rounded to 108, and it has 61 neutrons.

Potassium (K) has an atomic number of 19, indicating 19 protons and, with a neutral charge, also has 19 electrons.

The mass number of potassium is approximately 39.09, rounded to 39, and it contains 20 neutrons.

Tin (Sn) has an atomic number of 50, with 50 protons and 50 electrons in its neutral state.

Tin's mass number is approximately 118.71, rounded to 119, and it has 69 neutrons.

Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of 9, which corresponds to 9 protons and, being neutral, also has 9 electrons.

Fluorine's mass number is 19, and it has 10 neutrons.

The video encourages viewers to learn more about the periodic table through a playlist and to follow moomoomath for daily math and science videos.

Transcripts

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