Meet The Ryukyu Living In Japan's The Extreme South | The Mark Of Empire (Full Episode)

Peter Lee, a Singaporean scholar of Peranakan descent, embarks on a journey to explore the histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom, a unique culture that flourished on the Japanese Islands and Korean Peninsula. He visits Okinawa, the southernmost island of Japan, and is struck by the fusion of cultures, including American influences and traditional elements like the guardian lion-like shisa. Peter experiences local cuisine, such as the Spam sandwich, and learns about the craftsmanship behind the shisa from a local artist, reflecting on the blend of old and new in Okinawa.

The narrative shifts to explore Okinawa's evolution from a society of outcasts and warlords to a tourist-friendly destination. Peter delves into the historical transition from hunting and gathering to farming and the rise of local rulers known as Aji. He visits Nakajin Castle, a 13th-century stronghold of the Hokkazan Kingdom, and gains special access to a storage vault with artifacts that reveal trade connections with China and Southeast Asia. The story of King Sho Hashi, who united the island under the Ryukyu Kingdom, is highlighted, showcasing the kingdom's strategic use of resources like sulfur and horses.

Peter encounters the Ryukyu Kingdom's indigenous horses, which have a lineage tracing back to Mongolian breeds. With the decline in their use, efforts are being made to protect these animals and preserve traditional practices like the use of a 'muge' bridle. He experiences a horse ride, which includes a swim, reflecting on the unique cultural practices that have been maintained over time.

The script takes us on an underwater exploration around the Ryukyu Archipelago with archaeologist Akihiro Sunagawa, searching for remnants of a sunken treasure ship that could provide insights into the kingdom's maritime trade with China. The discovery of a Saladin plate suggests the extent of the kingdom's trade network.

Peter explores the vast trading network of the Ryukyu Kingdom, which extended from China to Southeast Asia. He describes the impressive size and capacity of the trading junks and the variety of goods exchanged, from luxury items to local products. The kingdom's relationship with China is highlighted as a key factor in its transformation into a trading powerhouse. The art of 'bingata', a unique dyeing technique, is introduced as a cultural product that was both imported and exported.

The script focuses on the art of 'bingata', a textile dyeing technique that was perfected by the Ryukyu people and became a tribute good shipped to China. The process of creating bingata is detailed, from the application of the stenciled design to the painting technique that gives the fabric its unique vibrancy. The art form is presented as a testament to the blending of foreign influences and local craftsmanship.

Peter meets with Hiroki Shimabukuro, a café owner who is reviving the special beverage 'bukobukuti', originally made to welcome Chinese emissaries. The preparation of this fragrant tea is described, along with the cultural significance of the tea ceremony. Additionally, the script introduces the tradition of 'hajiti' tattoos, which were banned by the Japanese but are now being rediscovered by a new generation.

The script discusses the rebuilding of Shuri Castle, which was destroyed in 2019, and its significance during the golden age of the Ryukyu Kingdom under King Shoshin. The king's consolidation of power through religious control and the centralization of the Ryukyu Islands' governance is detailed, along with his efforts to maintain peace and prosperity.

Peter explores the cultural legacy of the Ryukyu Kingdom through music and dance. He examines the 'omoro sochi', a collection of songs that offer a glimpse into life during the kingdom's era, and the 'sanchin', a banjo-like instrument that is central to Okinawa's music scene. The script highlights how these cultural elements continue to unite the islands.

The script shifts focus to the martial arts of the Ryukyu Kingdom, particularly 'kobudo', which incorporates a variety of weapons, and 'karate'. The history and cultural significance of these martial arts are detailed, along with their evolution and the role they played in self-defense.

Peter concludes his exploration by reflecting on the Ryukyu Kingdom's ability to balance its identity amidst new influences and changing times. The script highlights the kingdom's history of diplomacy and trade, which allowed it to prosper and maintain a distinct culture that continues to be expressed in modern times.