Child prodigies and geniuses | 60 Minutes Full Episodes

Alma Deutser is a 12-year old British composer and musical prodigy. She began playing piano and violin at age 4 and composing her own melodies by age 5. Alma has perfect pitch and a remarkable capacity to remember and integrate complex musical information. She wrote an opera at age 10, exhibiting mastery over orchestration and storytelling through music. Alma finds composing effortless and says melodies are constantly popping into her head.

The source of Alma's prodigious musical abilities is a mystery. Her parents, who are academics and amateur musicians, taught her to read music but are perplexed by her talents. Experts are astounded by Alma's comprehensive grasp of music at a young age. She seems to intuitively understand concepts that takes most composers decades to learn. Alma has 'imaginary composers' in her head that offer her advice when she gets stuck while composing.

Alma has composed two violin concertos - one jolly and happy, the other dramatic and dark. She created an imaginary composer named Antonin Yellowsink to represent her darker side. Alma believes having different imaginary composers allows her to compose music in a variety of styles and capture diverse emotions.

Jake Barnett is a math and science prodigy who was diagnosed with autism as a toddler but overcame many of the disabilities. Jake has extraordinary memory, visualized numbers as shapes, and taught himself all of high school math in just two weeks at age 10. He took college courses starting at age 8, getting A's in astronomy and algebra before dropping out of 5th grade.

Jack Andraka invented an early detection test for pancreatic cancer at age 15. He relentlessly contacted cancer researchers until one allowed him to develop his theory in the lab. Jack created a simple test to detect elevated levels of a pancreatic cancer biomarker, with implications for early diagnosis. He has a patent pending and is negotiating with pharmaceutical companies.

Jack Andraka worked in the lab of Dr. Anirban Maitra, a professor at Johns Hopkins, to develop his pancreatic cancer test idea. Dr. Maitra was impressed with Jack's detailed research proposal and agreed to provide lab access. Jack taught himself basic techniques and spent months validating that his test method worked before telling Dr. Maitra he had been successful.

Jack entered his pancreatic cancer test in the Intel Science Fair and won the top prize, beating out 1500 other contestants. His exhilarated reaction when announced as the winner went viral online. Since then, Jack has given talks all over the world about his invention and the need for new medical diagnostics.

Magnus Carlsen is the world's top chess player and a master at playing 'blindfold' chess. He can compete against multiple opponents without seeing the boards, keeping track of all the pieces and moves in his head. This requires extraordinary memory and visualization abilities.

When he was 13, Magnus Carlsen played chess legend Garry Kasparov to a draw. This was considered a huge accomplishment as Kasparov was the world champion at the time. Though nervous, Magnus was able to match Kasparov's skill despite his intimidation tactics and young age.

Magnus Carlsen became the youngest world number one chess player in history at age 19. He has deep innate understanding of chess strategy. Magnus works tirelessly to stay in shape for marathon competitive matches, which can last up to 7 hours. He enjoys seeing opponents suffer when he outsmarts them.