CPR for babies (age 0-12 months) taught by paediatric nurse and founder of CPR Kids Sarah Hunstead

CPR Kids TV

14 Jun 202115:12

EducationalLearning

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TLDRThe video script emphasizes the critical nature of CPR for babies, highlighting that it's about circulating blood and oxygen to the brain for the best possible outcome. It outlines the steps of doctors ABCD: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Compressions, and Defibrillator. The script instructs on ensuring safety, checking for consciousness, calling emergency services, clearing the airway, assessing breathing, and performing compressions and breaths. It also discusses the use of a defibrillator on babies and the conditions to stop CPR.

Takeaways

🆘 CPR is a vital skill for parents and family members to掌握, focusing on circulating blood and oxygen to the brain during cardiac arrest.
🚨 The first step in CPR is to ensure safety by checking for dangers like electricity, fire, and water hazards before approaching the child.
🔍 Assess the child's consciousness by checking for a response, using a firm tickle and calling their name to elicit any signs of awareness.
📞 In case of emergency, call local emergency services (e.g., triple zero in Australia) and use apps like Emergency Plus for location sharing.
📍 When calling emergency services, provide clear and accurate information about the situation and follow their instructions carefully.
🌀 Clear and open the airway by placing the baby in a straight or neutral position, lifting the chin to prevent obstruction.
👃 Check for breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for signs of normal or abnormal breathing, such as chest rise and color changes.
🤲 If the child is unresponsive and not breathing normally, begin chest compressions on a hard surface using two fingers on the center of the chest.
💨 After 30 compressions, give two breaths to the baby, ensuring not to force air into their lungs, and maintain the 30:2 ratio during CPR.
🚨 Use a defibrillator if available, following its prompts, and continue CPR until help arrives, the child shows signs of life, or you are physically unable to continue.
🛑 Stop CPR only when the situation is safe, help arrives, or the child regains signs of life, but otherwise, continue the 30:2 compression-to-breath ratio.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of CPR for babies and children?
-The primary purpose of CPR for babies and children is to circulate blood and oxygen around the body, primarily to the brain, to give them the best possible chance at a good outcome if the cause of cardiac arrest can be fixed.
What does the acronym ABCD stand for in the context of CPR?
-In the context of CPR, ABCD stands for Danger, Response, Sending for Help, and Airway. It is a mnemonic used to remember the steps of CPR.
How can you ensure safety before starting CPR?
-To ensure safety before starting CPR, you need to check for potential dangers such as electricity, fire, roads, water, and make sure both you and the child are safe. If the child's life is in immediate danger, they should be carefully moved to a safer location regardless of their injuries.
What is the correct way to check for a response in a baby?
-To check for a response in a baby, you should pick them up, hold them upright in your arms, and give them a firm tickle, saying 'Annie Annie, open your eyes' while tickling their hands and feet. If they respond with a cry or movement, they are conscious and do not need CPR.
What is the emergency number in Australia and how can it be dialed easily?
-The emergency number in Australia is triple zero (000). It can be dialed easily through the 'Emergency+' app, which also provides the operator with your location using latitude and longitude.
How do you clear and open the airway for a baby?
-To clear and open the airway for a baby, you should place your hand on their head, gently pull it into a straight or neutral position, and use your thumb and forefinger to hold their chin and lift it towards the ceiling, keeping the airway open.
What are the signs of abnormal breathing in a baby or child?
-Signs of abnormal breathing include a change in color to pale, blue, or mottled, and a lack of noticeable rise and fall of the chest or tummy. Parents should be aware of their child's normal breathing patterns and look for any deviations.
How are chest compressions performed on a baby?
-For a baby, chest compressions are performed using two fingers on the center of the chest, over the hard breastbone. The compressions should be at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, pressing down to 1/3 the depth of the chest.
What is the correct ratio of compressions to breaths in infant CPR?
-The correct ratio of compressions to breaths in infant CPR is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
When should you stop performing CPR?
-You should stop performing CPR if you are physically exhausted, if you are in danger, if the baby shows signs of life and wakes up, or if another experienced person, such as paramedics, arrives to take over. Also, if a defibrillator advises to stop, you should cease CPR.
How can a defibrillator be used on a baby?
-A defibrillator can be used on a baby by placing one pad in the middle of the chest and the second pad on the back. The pads should be applied to the baby's bare chest. The device will then provide instructions, and you should follow them, ensuring not to touch the patient when advised.

Outlines

00:00

👶 CPR的重要性与初步步骤

本段介绍了婴儿心肺复苏术(CPR)的重要性，强调了每个家长和家庭成员都应该掌握这项技能。CPR的目的不是使人复活，而是保持血液循环和氧气供应，尤其是对大脑的供应，以便在解决婴儿或儿童心脏骤停的原因时，为他们提供最好的恢复机会。介绍了医生们使用的ABCD方法，即危险(Danger)、反应(Response)、气道(Airway)、呼吸(Breathing)、按压(Compressions)和除颤器(Defibrillator)，并详细讲解了每个步骤，最后将所有步骤综合在一起演示。

05:06

🚨 评估安全性和响应

这一部分详细讲解了在进行CPR之前，首先需要确保自己、孩子和周围人的安全。需要考虑可能存在的危险，如电力、火灾、道路、水源等。如果孩子受伤，要确保自己在安全的情况下才能施救。接着，介绍了如何检查婴儿或儿童是否有意识，以及如何通过呼唤和刺激来检查他们的反应。如果婴儿无反应，说明他们处于无意识状态，需要继续进行下一步。

10:08

📞 呼叫紧急服务

在这一段中，强调了在紧急情况下呼叫紧急服务的重要性。在澳大利亚，应拨打三重零(000)，在新西兰拨打111。建议下载紧急加(Emergency Plus)应用程序，以便在拨打紧急电话时自动提供位置信息。在与紧急服务操作员通话时，要清晰地回答问题，告知位置和发生的情况，并遵循他们的指示。如果身边有人，应让他们出去等待救护车，并确保宠物被锁在外面，前门保持解锁状态以便救护人员进入。如果没有手机，应采取任何可能的方式寻求帮助。

🌀 保持气道开放

这部分内容讲解了如何保持婴儿和儿童的气道开放。婴儿和儿童的气道比成人的更柔软和易弯曲，因此需要特别注意。对于婴儿，应采用直线或中立位置，即轻轻抓住头部使其保持直立，并用手指提起下巴。这样做可以防止气道被阻塞。在进行下一步之前，需要保持气道的开放。

💨 检查呼吸

这一段落重点介绍了如何检查婴儿或儿童的呼吸。通过观察胸部的升降、听呼吸声和脸颊的感觉来判断呼吸是否正常。如果呼吸异常，婴儿或儿童的皮肤颜色会发生变化，如变得苍白、蓝色或出现斑点。如果发现呼吸异常，需要立即进行下一步。

🤲 进行心肺复苏按压

这部分详细说明了如果婴儿或儿童无意识且呼吸异常或没有呼吸时，应如何开始进行CPR。强调了在硬表面上进行按压的重要性，并指出不应检查脉搏。对于婴儿，使用两根手指在胸骨中央进行按压，按压深度为胸部的三分之一，频率为每分钟100到120次。每30次按压后进行2次人工呼吸，继续进行CPR。

🚨 使用自动体外除颤器(AED)

这一部分讲述了如何使用自动体外除颤器(AED)。在进行CPR的同时，如果有第二人在场，应让他们去取AED。对于婴儿，将一个贴片放在胸部中央，另一个放在背部。开启AED后，按照语音提示操作，不要触碰患者。当AED提示需要除颤时，确保周围没有人触碰患者，然后按照指示进行除颤。除颤后，继续进行CPR。

🛑 CPR的停止条件

最后一部分总结了何时应该停止CPR。如果自己过于疲惫无法继续，或者处于危险之中，或者婴儿开始有生命迹象并苏醒，或者有经验丰富的人士如急救人员接手，或者AED指示停止CPR，这时可以停止。否则，应继续进行CPR，按照30次按压和2次呼吸的比例进行。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡CPR

CPR, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, is an emergency medical procedure performed when someone stops breathing or their heart stops beating. In the context of the video, it emphasizes the importance of CPR for babies and children, focusing on the circulation of blood and oxygen to the brain to increase the chances of a good outcome in case of cardiac arrest.

💡Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest refers to the sudden loss of heart function, which results in the stoppage of blood flow to vital organs such as the brain. In the video, it is highlighted as the critical situation where CPR is necessary for babies and children, stressing the importance of timely intervention to maintain blood circulation and oxygen supply.

💡ABCD

The ABCD method is a structured approach to performing CPR, representing Danger, Response, Airway, and Breathing. This method guides the rescuer through the steps of assessing the situation, checking for a response, clearing and opening the airway, and checking for breathing, which are crucial in providing effective CPR.

💡Defibrillator

A defibrillator is a medical device used to administer an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest. In the video, it is mentioned as a critical component of CPR, especially when dealing with babies, highlighting the importance of having access to a defibrillator and knowing how to use it.

💡Safety

Safety in the context of the video refers to ensuring that the environment is secure for both the rescuer and the victim before administering CPR. It involves being aware of potential hazards such as electricity, fire, or traffic that could pose a risk during the emergency.

💡Response

Response in the ABCD method refers to checking if the baby or child is conscious or unconscious. It is a critical step in determining whether CPR is necessary, as a conscious individual does not require chest compressions, although they may still need medical attention.

💡Airway

The airway is the pathway for air to enter and exit the lungs, which includes the nose, mouth, and windpipe. In the context of CPR for babies, it is crucial to clear and maintain an open airway to ensure that the baby can breathe properly and to facilitate effective rescue breathing.

💡Breathing

Breathing refers to the process of inhaling and exhaling air, which is essential for delivering oxygen to the body. In the video, checking for normal or abnormal breathing is a step in the ABCD method to assess the baby's condition and decide if CPR is required.

💡Compressions

Compressions are rhythmic pressing movements on the chest performed during CPR to manually circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body when the heart is not functioning effectively. In the video, it is emphasized that compressions should be done on a hard surface and at a specific rate and depth.

💡Emergency Services

Emergency services are organizations that provide immediate assistance in situations of medical emergencies, accidents, or disasters. In the video, it is crucial to call emergency services as part of the CPR process to ensure that professional medical help is on the way.

💡Defibrillation

Defibrillation is the process of using a defibrillator to deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm. In the context of the video, it is a critical step in CPR when a defibrillator is available, emphasizing the importance of following the defibrillator's prompts for effective treatment.

Highlights

CPR is a vital skill for every parent and family member to have.

CPR's primary goal is to circulate blood and oxygen to the brain during cardiac arrest.

The steps of CPR follow the Doctors ABCD protocol: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Compressions, and Defibrillator.

Safety is paramount; ensure your surroundings are secure before attending to the child.

When checking for a response in a baby, hold them upright and give a firm tickle.

In Australia, call triple zero for emergency services; in New Zealand, call one one one.

The Emergency Plus app can help emergency services locate you by providing latitude and longitude.

To clear a baby's airway, maintain a straight or neutral position to prevent blockage.

Check for normal or abnormal breathing by observing the rise and fall of the tummy and listening for air sounds.

In the case of abnormal or no breathing, start CPR without checking for a pulse.

Perform compressions on a hard surface, using two fingers on the center of the chest.

The rate of compressions should be 100 to 120 per minute, with a depth of 1/3 the chest size.

After 30 compressions, provide two breaths, ensuring not to force air into the baby's lungs.

If a defibrillator is available, one person continues CPR while another gets and applies the defibrillator.

Stop CPR if you are physically exhausted, in danger, the baby shows signs of life, or professionals arrive to take over.

Transcripts

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