History of England - The 100 Years War - Part 1 - Extra History

Extra History
25 May 201908:31
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe script narrates the onset of the Hundred Years War, highlighting the complex dynastic claims and political tensions between England and France. It introduces King Edward III's rise to power, his cultural ambitions, and the economic threats posed by France's King Philip VI, leading to England's struggle for trade, land, and national honor. The narrative sets the stage for a war that would define England's identity and its place in medieval Europe.

Takeaways
  • 🎙️ The script is a podcast introduction featuring David Crowther from the 'History of England' podcast, who is filling in for Rob on paternity leave.
  • 👶 Rob, the regular host, has welcomed a new baby and is taking paternity leave, hence David Crowther is the guest reader for this series.
  • 📚 David Crowther provides a sample of his voice and style, inviting listeners to check out his podcast through a link in the description.
  • 🏰 The Hundred Years War is described as a mix of chivalric pageantry and brutal warfare, reflecting both the nobility and the harsh realities of the Middle Ages.
  • 🤴 In 1328, a young Edward III became King of England but initially had no real power due to his mother's lover, Roger Mortimer, seizing control.
  • 🛡️ Edward III demonstrated his warrior and leadership qualities by overthrowing Mortimer at the age of 17, asserting his authority as king.
  • 🎭 Edward III's court was a cultural beacon, with music, tournaments, and poetry, inspired by the legendary Camelot of King Arthur.
  • ⚔️ The Plantagenet dynasty, to which Edward III belonged, had deep historical ties to France, owning significant lands there and having a French-speaking nobility.
  • 🏰 The dynastic conflict between the French Valois and English Plantagenet dynasties over land in France was a precursor to the Hundred Years War.
  • 🇫🇷 King Philip VI of France sought to reclaim all English lands in France, viewing England as a lesser power and its nobility as less chivalrous.
  • 📈 The English economy relied heavily on the wool trade with Flanders and the wine trade with Gascony, both threatened by French actions.
  • 🛂 Edward III's claim to the French throne, based on his mother's lineage, and the support from the Flemish people, set the stage for the Hundred Years War.
Q & A

  • What significant event in James' life prompted him to support the podcaster?

    -James was inspired to support the podcaster after hearing one of his favorite podcasters announce that he was making podcasting his full-time job.

  • Why is Rob taking paternity leave?

    -Rob is taking paternity leave to bond with his new daughter, who is referred to as a 'brand-new miniature member of his family'.

  • Who is filling in for Rob during his paternity leave?

    -David Crowther from the History of England podcast is filling in for Rob during his paternity leave.

  • What is the main theme of the 'Extra History of England' series?

    -The main theme of the 'Extra History of England' series is the exploration of the Hundred Years War and its impact on England's identity, language, and role in the world.

  • How did King Edward III regain control of his throne from Roger Mortimer?

    -King Edward III, at the age of 17, gathered friends and snuck into Mortimer's castle by night, cut down the guards, and seized Mortimer, who was later executed.

  • What was King Edward III's vision for his royal court?

    -King Edward III envisioned his royal court as a shining example of culture to all Christendom, filled with color, music, tournaments, and poetry, modeled after the mythical Camelot of King Arthur.

  • What historical event marked the beginning of the Hundred Years War?

    -The Hundred Years War began with the confiscation of Gascony by King Philip VI of France in 1337, which was the last province in English hands.

  • Why was the English wool trade with Flanders significant?

    -The English wool trade with Flanders was significant because the textile industry was the biggest industry in medieval Europe, and English wool was the finest, feeding the industry and filling the English Treasury.

  • How did the Flemish people react to the prospect of losing the wool trade with England?

    -The Flemish people were horrified at the prospect of losing the wool trade with England, as their textile industry would suffer greatly, potentially leading to starvation.

  • What claim did King Edward III make in Flanders that was met with cheers?

    -King Edward III claimed that he was wrongfully banned from his lands in France and that he was also claiming the throne of France itself by right of his French mother, which was met with cheers from the Flemish people.

  • What were the stakes for England and France at the beginning of the Hundred Years War?

    -For England, the stakes included trade, their role in Christendom, the King's lands in France, and the King's reputation and honor. For France, it was about national unity, prestige, and the right of their monarch to his throne.

Outlines
00:00
🎙️ Introduction to the Extra History of England

This paragraph introduces the transition of the podcast host, with Rob taking paternity leave and David Crowther from the History of England podcast stepping in. It sets the stage for a series on the Hundred Years War, highlighting its significance in shaping England's identity, language, and global role. The summary touches on the chivalric pageantry, the brutality of war, and the story of King Edward III's early acts of valor, including his confrontation with Roger Mortimer and his efforts to make England a cultural beacon.

05:01
🏰 The Origins and Tensions of the Hundred Years War

This paragraph delves into the complex history leading to the Hundred Years War, focusing on the dynastic claims and territorial disputes between the French Valois and English Plantagenet royal families. It outlines the historical context, including the Norman Conquest, the addition of French territories under King Henry II, and the gradual loss of these lands to the French Valois over time. The summary also covers the economic implications of the conflict, particularly the importance of the wine and wool trades, and the political maneuvering that escalated tensions between England and France, culminating in Edward III's claim to the French throne and the inevitable onset of war.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of France, over the succession to the French throne. The war is a central theme of the video, illustrating the brutality of medieval warfare and its impact on the formation of England's national identity. In the script, it is described through vivid imagery such as 'the pageants and tournaments of chivalry' and 'the great battles of Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt.'
💡Chivalry
Chivalry refers to the medieval European code of conduct of the knightly class. It is characterized by bravery, honor, courtly love, and gallantry. In the context of the video, chivalry is depicted as a driving force behind the actions of the nobility and the king, influencing their decision to go to war and the way they conducted themselves. The script mentions 'the cult of chivalry' and how King Edward III's court was a 'pageant of color, music, tournaments, and poetry,' reflecting the importance of chivalric values.
💡Edward III
Edward III was King of England from 1327 to 1377. He is a central figure in the script, known for his military successes and for leading his kingdom through the early stages of the Hundred Years War. The script describes his rise to power, his defiance against the French King Philip VI, and his determination to reclaim his rights, which set the stage for the war.
💡Dynastic claim
A dynastic claim refers to a legal or hereditary basis for a claim to a throne or territory, often based on lineage or succession rights. In the video, the dynastic claim is the complex issue that initiates the Hundred Years War, with Edward III's claim to the French throne through his mother's lineage being a key point of contention.
💡Plantagenets
The Plantagenets were a royal house that originated from the late 12th century and provided kings of England from 1154 to 1485. They are mentioned in the script as the English royal dynasty in conflict with the French Valois dynasty over land and power in France.
💡Valois
The Valois were a royal dynasty of France that ruled from 1328 to 1589. In the script, they are depicted as the opposing dynasty to the Plantagenets, with King Philip VI of France being particularly determined to reclaim lands held by the English.
💡Gascony
Gascony is a historical region in southwestern France. In the script, it is the last remaining French province under English control, which King Philip VI confiscates, sparking the conflict with Edward III. The region's significance lies in its trade with England, particularly the wine trade.
💡Flanders
Flanders is a region in modern-day Belgium known historically for its textile industry. The script discusses the importance of the wool trade between England and Flanders, which was threatened by the French King's political moves, highlighting the economic stakes of the Hundred Years War.
💡Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt
These are three of the most notable battles of the Hundred Years War. The script uses them as examples of the great battles that define the war's brutality and the prowess of the English military, particularly the longbowmen, who are said to have 'destroyed the flower of French chivalry.'
💡Tournament
A tournament in a medieval context refers to a series of knightly competitions, including jousting, wrestling, and other martial games. The script mentions tournaments as part of the chivalric culture of King Edward III's court, symbolizing the nobility's martial spirit and preparation for war.
💡Wool trade
The wool trade was a significant economic activity in medieval Europe, with England being a major producer of high-quality wool. In the script, the wool trade with Flanders is highlighted as a critical source of wealth for England, and its potential disruption by the French King's policies is a key factor leading to the war.
Highlights

James has been inspired to help out his favorite podcaster who made podcasting his full-time job 18 months ago.

Coordinating schedules was difficult but now Rob is taking paternity leave to bond with his new daughter.

David Crowther from the History of England podcast is guest hosting this series.

David's British accent will be featured in this series to showcase his voice.

Listeners are encouraged to check out David's podcast at the provided link.

The Hundred Years War was a brutal conflict with chivalric pageantry and senseless destruction.

The war was about courage, national clashes, and the timeless struggle for supremacy.

The Hundred Years War helped define England's identity, language, and role in the world.

In 1328, a young Edward III became King of England but was initially powerless due to his mother's lover Roger Mortimer.

Edward III took back power at age 17 by capturing Mortimer and executing him.

Edward III aimed to make England a cultural example to all of Christendom with a court full of color, music, and tournaments.

The English and French dynasties had long fought over land in France, with complex claims and alliances.

The Valois King Philip VI of France sought to take away Edward's last French lands.

England's wealth relied heavily on the wine trade with Gascony and the wool trade with Flanders.

King Philip banned trade between Flanders and England, threatening both economies.

Edward III claimed the French throne through his mother's lineage, sparking the Hundred Years War.

The war was inevitable, with English trade, lands, and honor at stake, and French national unity and prestige on the line.

Transcripts

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Related Tags
Hundred Years WarChivalryMedieval BattlesEdward IIIPlantagenetsCultural IdentityRoyal DynastiesFrench NobilityEnglish Wool TradeFlanders Textile