4.61 | What is the limiting reactant in a reaction that produces sodium chloride from 8 g of sodium

The Glaser Tutoring Company
11 Feb 202208:21
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TLDRThe video explains how to determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction that produces sodium chloride. It involves balancing the chemical equation, calculating the moles of reactants, and comparing the required and available amounts. The limiting reactant is identified as diatomic chlorine (Cl2) in this case.

Takeaways
  • 🧪 The video script is about identifying the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction that produces sodium chloride (NaCl).
  • 🔍 A balanced chemical equation is essential to determine the limiting reactant, and in this case, the equation is 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl.
  • 📝 The concept of a limiting reactant is introduced as the reactant that gets completely used up in a reaction.
  • ⚖️ The script involves calculating the moles of reactants from their given masses using stoichiometry.
  • 📚 The periodic table is used to find the molar mass of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) to perform these calculations.
  • 🧐 The script explains that the limiting reactant is not the product but one of the starting materials, either sodium or chlorine.
  • 📉 The process involves converting grams of sodium to moles, then using the balanced equation to find the required moles of chlorine.
  • 📊 By comparing the calculated required moles of chlorine to the actual amount available, the limiting reactant is determined.
  • 🤔 The script encourages viewers to pause and try to write the balanced equation themselves as a learning exercise.
  • 📈 The example calculation shows that if 8 grams of sodium are used, 12.3 grams of chlorine would be needed, indicating that chlorine is the limiting reactant.
  • 📝 The final takeaway is that chlorine (Cl2) is identified as the limiting reactant in the given scenario.
Q & A

  • What is the main topic of the video script?

    -The main topic of the video script is determining the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction that produces sodium chloride (NaCl) from sodium (Na) and diatomic chlorine (Cl2).

  • What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction?

    -The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl.

  • What is a limiting reactant?

    -A limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction, and it determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

  • Why is it necessary to find a balanced equation before determining the limiting reactant?

    -It is necessary to find a balanced equation before determining the limiting reactant because the coefficients in the balanced equation represent the stoichiometric ratios, which are essential for calculating the amounts of reactants required for the reaction.

  • What is the role of stoichiometry in determining the limiting reactant?

    -Stoichiometry is used to convert the given mass of one reactant to the theoretical mass of the other reactant required for the reaction, based on the balanced chemical equation.

  • How does the script suggest starting the calculation to find the limiting reactant?

    -The script suggests starting the calculation by choosing either sodium or chlorine, converting the given mass to moles using the molar mass from the periodic table, and then using the stoichiometric ratios to find the required mass of the other reactant.

  • What is the molar mass of sodium (Na) according to the script?

    -The molar mass of sodium (Na) is approximately 22.99 grams per mole, as mentioned in the script.

  • How is the molar mass of diatomic chlorine (Cl2) calculated in the script?

    -The molar mass of diatomic chlorine (Cl2) is calculated by multiplying the molar mass of chlorine (approximately 35.45 g/mol) by 2, since there are two chlorine atoms in Cl2, resulting in 70.9 g/mol.

  • What is the conclusion about the limiting reactant in the given reaction?

    -The conclusion in the script is that Cl2 is the limiting reactant because, based on the stoichiometry, more Cl2 is required than is available to react completely with the given amount of sodium.

  • What is the practical implication of identifying the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?

    -Identifying the limiting reactant is important for determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed in a reaction, which is crucial for efficient use of reactants and planning chemical processes.

Outlines
00:00
🧪 Determining the Limiting Reactant in a Sodium Chloride Reaction

This paragraph introduces the concept of identifying the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction that produces sodium chloride (NaCl). It begins with the given quantities of sodium and chlorine, and the need to find a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The presenter guides viewers to balance the equation as 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl, emphasizing the importance of stoichiometry in determining the limiting reactant. The process involves converting grams of sodium to moles and then using the balanced equation to find out how much chlorine would be required if all the sodium were to react completely.

05:02
📊 Stoichiometric Calculation to Find the Limiting Reactant

The second paragraph continues the discussion on finding the limiting reactant by utilizing stoichiometric calculations. The presenter demonstrates how to convert 8 grams of sodium into moles and then determines the required amount of chlorine (Cl2) for the reaction, based on the balanced equation. By using the molar mass of sodium and chlorine from the periodic table, the calculation reveals that 12.3 grams of chlorine would be needed to react completely with 8 grams of sodium. Since only 8 grams of chlorine are available, it is concluded that chlorine is the limiting reactant in this scenario. The explanation includes a step-by-step calculation and emphasizes the comparison between the theoretical and actual amounts of reactants to identify the limiting reactant.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Limiting Reactant
A limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed during a chemical reaction, determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. In the video, the concept is central to understanding the process of identifying which reactant, either sodium or chlorine, will run out first in the reaction to produce sodium chloride.
💡Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is the product of the chemical reaction discussed in the video. It is formed from the reaction between sodium and chlorine, and the script emphasizes the need to balance the chemical equation to understand the stoichiometry of the reaction.
💡Balanced Equation
A balanced chemical equation is one where the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation, ensuring mass conservation. The video script describes the process of balancing the equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine to produce sodium chloride.
💡Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the calculation used to determine the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction based on the balanced equation. The video uses stoichiometry to convert the mass of one reactant to the required mass of another, helping to identify the limiting reactant.
💡Moles
Moles are a measure used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance, based on Avogadro's number. The script explains how to convert grams of a reactant to moles and then use the balanced equation to find the required moles of another reactant.
💡Grams
Grams are a unit of mass used to quantify the amount of a substance. In the video, the given masses of sodium and chlorine in grams are used to calculate the moles of each reactant and subsequently determine the limiting reactant.
💡Diatomic Chlorine (Cl2)
Diatomic chlorine refers to chlorine existing as a molecule with two atoms bonded together. The script mentions diatomic chlorine as one of the reactants in the chemical reaction to form sodium chloride.
💡Periodic Table
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The video script uses the periodic table to find the molar mass of sodium and chlorine for stoichiometric calculations.
💡Molar Mass
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). The video script refers to the molar masses of sodium and chlorine from the periodic table to convert between grams and moles for the stoichiometric calculations.
💡Ratio
In the context of the video, a ratio is used to relate the amounts of different substances in a chemical equation. The script uses ratios to convert from the moles of one reactant to the moles of another, based on their stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation.
💡Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that transforms one set of chemical substances into another. The video script focuses on a specific chemical reaction where sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride, and the concept of limiting reactant is essential to understanding the reaction's outcome.
Highlights

Introduction to the concept of limiting reactant in a chemical reaction.

Explanation of the need for a balanced chemical equation to determine the limiting reactant.

Demonstration of writing a balanced chemical equation for the reaction producing sodium chloride.

Clarification that the limiting reactant is one of the reactants, not the products.

Description of the limiting reactant as the one that gets completely used up in the reaction.

Introduction of stoichiometry as a method to find the limiting reactant.

Process of converting grams of sodium to moles using the periodic table.

Conversion of moles of sodium to moles of chlorine using stoichiometric ratios.

Explanation of how to convert moles of chlorine back to grams using the periodic table.

Calculation of the theoretical amount of chlorine needed if all sodium is used up.

Comparison of the theoretical amount of chlorine needed to the actual amount available.

Identification of chlorine (Cl2) as the limiting reactant due to insufficient quantity.

Emphasis on the practical application of stoichiometry in determining the limiting reactant.

Illustration of the process using a step-by-step chart for clarity.

Encouragement for viewers to pause and try writing their own balanced equation.

Advice on using the periodic table for mole to gram conversions in stoichiometry problems.

Final summary of the process to identify the limiting reactant in the given reaction.

Transcripts

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ChemistryLimiting ReactantSodium ChlorideStoichiometryChemical ReactionEducational VideoScience TutorialElemental AnalysisMole CalculationPeriodic Table