HOL vs HOVA (Where?) - Learn Hungarian Grammar (suffixes explained slowly with subtitles)

Hungarian by Heart
4 Mar 202412:34
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this informative video, Lilla introduces the intricacies of Hungarian, an agglutinative language that uses suffixes to convey meaning. She explains how to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions using the suffixes 'ba/-be/-ban/-ben' for locations within buildings or objects, and '-n/-on/-en/ön' for open spaces or specific institutions. Lilla also covers the application of these suffixes to countries, cities, and even islands. The video includes examples and a brief test for viewers to apply their knowledge. Lilla encourages viewers to share their preferences for subtitles and provides additional resources for practice in the video description.

Takeaways
  • 🗣️ The video is a language lesson on how to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions in Hungarian.
  • 📺 The speaker, Lilla, is experimenting with YouTube subtitles to improve accessibility.
  • 🔡 Hungarian is an agglutinative language, which means it uses suffixes to change word meanings or roles in sentences.
  • 🚌 Examples are given to illustrate how suffixes like '-k' for plural and locatives like '-on' and '-be' are used.
  • ⛺️ Suffixes 'ba/-be/-ban/-ben' are used for locations that are buildings, enclosed spaces, or objects where something can be placed.
  • 🏢 The choice between '-ban' and '-ben' is determined by vowel harmony, which categorizes vowels as either front or back vowels.
  • 🌍 These suffixes are also used for most countries, continents, and cities, with some exceptions like 'parking lot' and 'park'.
  • 🚗 For open spaces, events, specific institutions, or interfaces, different suffixes '-n/-on/-en/ön' are used for 'WHERE' questions.
  • ✈️ The suffix '-ra/-re' is used for '(to) WHERE' questions when referring to open spaces or specific locations like airports or markets.
  • 🏠 When talking about people's locations, the suffixes 'nál/nél' are used, as in 'at the masseuse' or 'at the doctor's'.
  • 📝 A test with six sentences is provided for viewers to practice determining the correct suffixes for various words.
  • 📚 Additional resources, including the video text and practice tasks, are available in the video description.
Q & A

  • What is the main topic of the video?

    -The main topic of the video is to explain how to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions in Hungarian using specific suffixes.

  • What does the term 'agglutinating language' refer to?

    -An agglutinating language is one where small suffixes and endings are attached to words to slightly change their meaning or their role in a sentence.

  • Which languages are mentioned as examples of agglutinating languages besides Hungarian?

    -Turkish, Estonian, Finnish, Japanese, and Korean are mentioned as examples of agglutinating languages.

  • What are the suffixes used to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions in Hungarian?

    -The suffixes used are 'ba/-be/-ban/-ben' for 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions, which are commonly used for buildings, closed places, or objects where something can be put.

  • What is the general rule for using the suffixes '-ban' and '-ben'?

    -The general rule for using '-ban' and '-ben' is that they are used for buildings, hotels, schools, shops, hospitals, closets, bags, and similar places or objects that you can go into or put something into.

  • How do you determine whether to use '-ban' or '-ben' with a particular word?

    -You determine whether to use '-ban' or '-ben' based on the rule of vowel harmony, which categorizes vowels into front vowels (e, é, i, í, ö, ő, ü, ű) and back vowels (a, á, o, ó, u, ú), and the type of vowels present in the word.

  • What are the suffixes used when referring to open spaces, events, specific institutions, or interfaces?

    -The suffixes used when referring to open spaces, events, specific institutions, or interfaces are '-n/-on/-en/ön' for 'WHERE' and '-ra/-re' for '(to) WHERE' questions.

  • How do you answer 'WHERE' questions when referring to people?

    -When referring to people, you use the suffixes 'nál/nél' to answer 'WHERE' questions.

  • What is the purpose of turning on subtitles in the video?

    -The purpose of turning on subtitles is to provide a text version of the spoken content for viewers who prefer reading or for those who may have hearing difficulties.

  • What does the speaker encourage viewers to do after watching the video?

    -The speaker encourages viewers to write in the comments which version of subtitles they find more practical or like better, and to write the number of correct answers they got in the test.

  • Where can viewers find the text of the video and more practice tasks?

    -Viewers can find the text of the video and more practice tasks in the video description by clicking on the provided link.

  • What does the speaker hope to achieve with the video?

    -The speaker hopes to help viewers understand how to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions in Hungarian and to provide a clear and concise explanation of the language's suffixes.

Outlines
00:00
🗣️ Introduction and Hungarian Language Basics

The first paragraph introduces the speaker, Lilla, who is waiting in a cafe for someone. She then transitions into the topic of the video, which is to explain how to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions in Hungarian. Lilla addresses feedback from viewers about subtitles and introduces the concept of Hungarian as an agglutinative language, where small suffixes are attached to words to change their meaning or function in a sentence. She provides examples of these suffixes in use and mentions other languages that share this characteristic, such as Turkish, Estonian, Finnish, Japanese, and Korean.

05:01
📚 Hungarian Suffixes for 'WHERE' and 'WHERE TO'

In the second paragraph, Lilla delves into the specifics of Hungarian suffixes used to answer questions about location. She explains the use of suffixes “ba/-be/-ban/-ben” for indicating places one can go into or put something into, such as buildings, hotels, schools, and shops. Lilla provides several examples of how these suffixes are used in sentences to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions. She also touches on the concept of vowel harmony in Hungarian, explaining how it affects the choice between '-ban' and '-ben'. Additionally, she discusses exceptions to these rules, particularly with words for open spaces, events, or specific institutions, which use different suffixes '-n/-on/-en/ön' for 'WHERE' and '-ra/-re' for 'WHERE TO'.

10:06
🌍 Special Cases and a Practice Test

The third paragraph continues the discussion on Hungarian suffixes but focuses on special cases, such as locations like Hungary, Budapest, and Szeged, which take the '-n/-on/-en/ön' suffixes. Lilla also covers how to talk about locations related to people using 'nál/nél'. She then presents a small test for viewers to practice identifying the correct suffixes for given sentences. The paragraph concludes with an invitation for viewers to share their results in the comments and directs them to the video description for more practice tasks and the video transcript. Lilla thanks the viewers for watching and looks forward to their next encounter.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Agglutinating language
An agglutinating language is one where words are formed by 'gluing' together smaller units, known as suffixes or endings, to a root word. This process changes the meaning of the word or its grammatical role in a sentence. In the video, Hungarian is described as an agglutinating language, which is key to understanding how to answer 'WHERE' and '(to) WHERE' questions in Hungarian, as it involves attaching specific suffixes to indicate location or direction.
💡Suffixes
Suffixes are word-endings that are added to the base of a word to change its meaning or function. They are a central feature of Hungarian, as the video explains how different suffixes are used to answer questions about location. For example, the suffixes '-ba/-be/-ban/-ben' are used to indicate places where one can go or put something, while '-n/-on/-en/ön' are used for open spaces or specific institutions.
💡Locatives
Locatives are a type of grammatical case that indicates a location or spatial relation. In the context of the video, locatives are used in Hungarian to describe where something is or where someone is going. The script provides examples such as 'on the buses' and 'in my pocket', demonstrating how locatives are formed with the help of suffixes in Hungarian.
💡
💡Vowel harmony
Vowel harmony is a phonological feature in Hungarian where the choice of suffix depends on the vowels present in the root word. The video explains that there are front vowels (e, é, i, í, ö, ő, ü, ű) and back vowels (a, á, o, ó, u, ú), and that the suffixes must match the type of vowels in the word. This rule is crucial for determining the correct form of locative expressions in Hungarian.
💡Direction
Direction is a concept that indicates the movement towards a place. In the video, it is mentioned in relation to the '(to) WHERE' questions, which imply a sense of direction or movement. The script uses the suffixes '-ba/-be' to indicate the direction towards a place, such as 'going to the cafe'.
💡Enclosed spaces
Enclosed spaces refer to areas that are enclosed or surrounded by walls or other structures. In the video, it is mentioned that the suffixes '-ba/-be/-ban/-ben' are commonly used for buildings, hotels, schools, and other similar places that can be entered or where items can be placed, emphasizing the concept of enclosed spaces in Hungarian locatives.
💡Open spaces
Open spaces are areas that are not enclosed and are typically accessible to the public. The video contrasts enclosed spaces with open spaces, noting that different suffixes '-n/-on/-en/ön' are used for places like airports, markets, and concerts, which are open and not enclosed.
💡Specific institutions
Specific institutions refer to particular organizations or establishments with a defined purpose, such as the post office, a school, or a hospital. The video script explains that when referring to these institutions in the context of 'WHERE' questions, the suffixes '-n/-on/-en/ön' are used to indicate the location.
💡Islands
Islands are landforms surrounded by water. The video mentions that when talking about islands, the suffixes '-n/-on/-en/ön' are used to indicate location, similar to how they are used for specific institutions. Examples given include Malta, Cyprus, and Tenerife.
💡People
When referring to the location in relation to people, such as being at someone's house or a professional like a masseuse, the video explains that the suffixes 'nál/nél' are used. This highlights the personalized nature of these locations in Hungarian.
💡Practice tasks
Practice tasks are exercises designed to help learners apply and reinforce their understanding of a particular concept or skill. In the video, the presenter offers practice tasks in the description for viewers to test their understanding of Hungarian locatives and suffixes, which is a key part of the video's educational content.
Highlights

The video teaches how to answer WHERE and ("to") WHERE questions in Hungarian.

Hungarian is an agglutinating language, attaching small suffixes to words to change meaning.

Examples are given of how to use locative suffixes with words like bus, pocket, and building.

Other agglutinating languages include Turkish, Estonian, Finnish, Japanese, and Korean.

Suffixes “ba/-be/-ban/-ben” are used to answer WHERE and ("to") WHERE questions, mainly for buildings or enclosed spaces.

Exceptions include places like parking lots and parks that are not enclosed but still use these suffixes.

Most countries, continents, and cities also use these suffixes.

Examples are provided of using the suffixes with words like store, bag, Austria, closet, cinema, and USA.

The suffixes "-ban/-ben" are used to answer WHERE questions, while "-ba/-be" are used for ("to") WHERE.

Vowel harmony determines whether to use "-ban" or "-ben" based on the word's vowels.

Words with both front and back vowels usually use the back vowel suffix.

Some words like station and airport do not use the suffixes "-ba/-be/-ban/-ben".

For open spaces, events, and institutions, use the endings "-n/-on/-en/ön" to answer WHERE questions.

Use the suffix "-ra/-re" for ("to") WHERE questions about open spaces, events, and institutions.

Hungary and many Hungarian cities use the suffixes for open spaces and events.

Islands use the same suffixes as open spaces and events.

Use the suffixes "nál/nél" for WHERE questions about people.

A little test is provided to practice using the correct suffixes with different words.

The video description contains the text and more practice tasks for learning these concepts.

Transcripts

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