Quantum computers vs. classical computers

Interesting Engineering
24 Feb 202205:58
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThe video script discusses the evolution of computing, highlighting IBM's unveiling of the IBM Quantum One, the first integrated quantum computing system for commercial use. Unlike classical computers that use binary bits, quantum computers use qubits, allowing them to exist in multiple states simultaneously due to quantum superposition and entanglement. This enables quantum computers to perform complex computations at unprecedented speeds. However, they require unique operating conditions, such as being kept at near absolute zero temperatures to maintain their quantum properties. While not suited for everyday computing tasks and expensive for personal use, quantum computers are accessible via cloud services like IBM and Google, offering the potential for significant advancements in various sectors including healthcare, energy, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The possibilities of quantum computing are vast, promising more accurate weather predictions, algorithmic stock trading, and improved logistics and supply chain management.

Takeaways
  • 💡 Computers have evolved significantly since Charles Babbage's early designs in the 19th century and are now integral to modern life.
  • 🚀 IBM has introduced the IBM Quantum One, a groundbreaking quantum computing system available for commercial use, marking a new era in computing.
  • ⚙️ Quantum computers have the potential to compute much faster than traditional supercomputers by considering multiple possibilities simultaneously.
  • 🔑 The key difference between quantum and classical computers lies in their fundamental operation; quantum computers use qubits, which can represent both 1 and 0 at the same time.
  • ☯️ Quantum superposition allows qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously, while quantum entanglement links qubits in a way that they can represent complex data states.
  • 🌌 A sufficiently large quantum computer could have more computational states than there are atoms in the known universe.
  • ❄️ Quantum computers require unique operating conditions, including extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero, to function correctly.
  • 💰 The high cost and specialized requirements of quantum computers mean they are not yet suited for personal use and are mostly found in research and commercial settings.
  • ☁️ Cloud-based quantum computing services, offered by companies like IBM and Google, provide access to quantum computing power for complex computations.
  • 🔬 Quantum computing could revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, energy production, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, by enabling complex problem-solving.
  • ⛅ Improved weather prediction, algorithmic stock trading, and optimized logistics and supply chain management are just a few of the potential applications of quantum computing.
  • 🌟 Despite the immense potential, some experts speculate that classical computers will continue to play a significant role in everyday tasks even a century into the future.
Q & A

  • Who is credited with developing the first computer prototype?

    -Charles Babbage is credited with developing plans for the first computer prototype back in the 19th century.

  • What is the name of IBM's groundbreaking quantum computing system?

    -The IBM Quantum One is the groundbreaking quantum computing system unveiled by IBM.

  • How do quantum computers differ from regular supercomputers in terms of computational speed?

    -Quantum computers could compute orders of magnitude faster than regular supercomputers because they can consider large numbers of possible situations simultaneously.

  • What is the fundamental difference between classical computing and quantum computing?

    -The fundamental difference is that classical computing uses binary bits (ones and zeros), while quantum computing uses quantum bits or qubits, which can exist in many states at once due to quantum superposition.

  • What is the phenomenon that allows qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously?

    -The phenomenon is known as quantum superposition, which allows qubits to be in a state of both one and zero at the same time.

  • What is quantum entanglement, and how does it relate to quantum computing?

    -Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where qubits can be linked together, allowing data to be represented as both a one and zero simultaneously, which enhances the processing power of quantum computers.

  • Why do quantum computers require special operating conditions compared to regular computers?

    -Quantum computers require special operating conditions because qubits are incredibly sensitive to vibrations, temperature fluctuations, and electromagnetic environments, which can cause them to lose their quantum properties within microseconds.

  • At what temperature do most quantum computers need to operate to minimize environmental interference?

    -Most quantum computers need to operate at temperatures close to absolute zero, which is about minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit.

  • Why are quantum computers not likely to be found in personal use in the near future?

    -Quantum computers are not likely to be found in personal use soon due to their unique and demanding operating conditions, incompatibility with day-to-day computing tasks, and the high cost of acquiring one for personal use.

  • How can industries benefit from the use of quantum computers?

    -Industries can benefit from quantum computers by solving complex problems that current technology struggles with, leading to more accurate and precise weather predictions, algorithmic stock trading, and massive efficiency gains in logistics and supply chain management.

  • Which companies offer cloud-based usage of quantum computers?

    -IBM with their Quantum One and Google with their ion-trap quantum computers on the Google Cloud Marketplace offer cloud-based usage of quantum computers.

  • What are some of the potential applications of quantum computers in advancing various industries?

    -Potential applications include speeding up advances in healthcare, energy production, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, making previously unfeasible research projects possible.

Outlines
00:00
🚀 Quantum Computing Revolution: IBM Quantum One

The paragraph introduces the concept of quantum computing and its potential to revolutionize the field of computing. It discusses the historical development of computers, starting from Charles Babbage's prototype in the 19th century to the present day. The IBM Quantum One is highlighted as a groundbreaking machine, the first integrated quantum computing system for commercial use. Unlike classical computers, which use binary bits, quantum computers use qubits that can represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously due to quantum superposition. This allows quantum computers to consider multiple possibilities at once, vastly increasing their computational power. The paragraph also explains the unique operating conditions required for quantum computers, such as the need for extreme cooling to maintain their quantum state. It concludes by noting that, despite their potential, quantum computers are not yet practical for everyday use and may not replace classical computers for routine tasks in the near future.

05:00
🌐 Quantum Computing Applications and Future Prospects

This paragraph delves into the potential applications of quantum computing and its implications for various industries. It suggests that quantum computers could enable previously unfeasible research projects, leading to advancements in healthcare, energy production, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The paragraph outlines how quantum computing could improve weather prediction, enable algorithmic stock trading, and bring about significant efficiency gains in logistics and supply chain management. The author emphasizes the endless possibilities that quantum computing could unlock. However, it also acknowledges that the technology is still in its early stages and may not be integrated into everyday life for some time. The paragraph concludes by mentioning that cloud-based quantum computing services are available, allowing researchers, companies, and developers to access this powerful technology for complex computations.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is a revolutionary approach to processing information that operates on the principles of quantum mechanics. It is distinct from classical computing, which uses binary bits (0s and 1s) to represent data. Quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to quantum superposition. This allows quantum computers to consider a vast number of possibilities at once, potentially solving complex problems much faster than classical computers. In the video, quantum computing is the central theme, with IBM's Quantum One being highlighted as a groundbreaking machine that could lead to a new computing revolution.
💡IBM Quantum One
The IBM Quantum One is the first integrated quantum computing system available for commercial use. It represents a significant step in the development of quantum computing technology. The system is designed to operate at the subatomic or quantum level, using qubits to perform computations. Unlike classical computers, the Quantum One can process information at an unprecedented speed and scale, making it a powerful tool for complex problem-solving. The video emphasizes the IBM Quantum One as a symbol of the next generation of computing technology.
💡Qubits
Qubits, short for quantum bits, are the fundamental units of quantum information in a quantum computer. Unlike classical bits that can only be in a state of 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a state of superposition, where they can represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This property, along with quantum entanglement, allows quantum computers to perform many calculations at once, vastly increasing their computational power. In the context of the video, qubits are the key to the IBM Quantum One's superior processing capabilities.
💡Quantum Superposition
Quantum superposition is a principle of quantum mechanics wherein a quantum system can exist in multiple states or configurations simultaneously. This is a fundamental concept that enables quantum computing, as it allows qubits to represent a combination of 0s and 1s at the same time. The video explains that this property of qubits is what gives quantum computers their potential to outperform classical computers in terms of processing speed and capability.
💡Quantum Entanglement
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum physics where pairs or groups of particles interact in such a way that the state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by large distances. In quantum computing, entanglement is used to link qubits together, allowing for complex computations that can represent both a one and a zero simultaneously. The video mentions quantum entanglement as a key feature that allows quantum computers to have more computational states than there are atoms in the known universe.
💡Classical Computing
Classical computing refers to the traditional binary-based computing systems that use bits (0s and 1s) to process information. These systems are the foundation of modern technology and are based on transistors, which act as switches to control the flow of electrical current. Classical computers are limited by their sequential processing of information. The video contrasts classical computing with quantum computing, highlighting the limitations of classical systems and the potential of quantum systems to revolutionize computing.
💡Transistors
Transistors are semiconductor devices that act as switches to control the flow of current in electronic devices. They are a fundamental component of classical computers, with the number of transistors on a CPU or GPU being a key factor in determining its processing power. The video uses the example of the Ryzen 9 5950X CPU, which has about 10 billion transistors, to illustrate the difference in scale between classical and quantum computing architectures.
💡Quantum Computing Operating Conditions
Quantum computers require very specific operating conditions to function correctly. Due to the sensitivity of qubits to external factors such as temperature, vibrations, and electromagnetic fields, quantum computers must be kept in a sealed, cushioned environment and operate at temperatures close to absolute zero. This is necessary to minimize environmental interference and maintain the quantum properties of the qubits. The video emphasizes the unique and stringent requirements for operating quantum computers, which differentiate them from classical computers.
💡Cloud-based Quantum Computing
Cloud-based quantum computing refers to the provision of quantum computing resources over the internet, allowing users to access and utilize quantum computers without having to own or maintain the hardware. Companies like IBM and Google offer cloud-based quantum computing services, which enable researchers, companies, and developers to perform complex computations that would be unfeasible with classical computers. The video discusses the availability of quantum computers in the cloud as a way for the broader community to leverage the power of quantum computing.
💡Commercial Quantum Computing
Commercial quantum computing involves the development and deployment of quantum computing technology for business and industry use. The IBM Quantum One is an example of a commercially available quantum computing system. The video highlights the potential impact of commercial quantum computing on various sectors, including healthcare, energy production, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, suggesting that it could enable significant advancements in these fields.
💡Quantum Computing Applications
The applications of quantum computing are vast and varied, ranging from complex problem-solving to more efficient algorithms for stock trading and logistics. Quantum computers have the potential to provide more accurate weather predictions and improve supply chain management through massive efficiency gains. The video outlines several potential applications of quantum computing, emphasizing the endless possibilities that this technology could unlock across various industries.
Highlights

Charles Babbage developed plans for the first computer prototype in the 19th century.

IBM Quantum One is the first integrated quantum computing system available for commercial use.

Quantum computers can compute orders of magnitude faster by considering multiple possible situations simultaneously.

Classical computing is based on binary bits (ones and zeros), while quantum computing uses qubits which can be both at the same time.

Quantum computers operate at the subatomic level, using quantum superposition and entanglement to represent data.

A quantum computer with enough qubits could have more computational states than atoms in the known universe.

Quantum computers require unique operating conditions, including being kept at temperatures close to absolute zero.

Quantum computers are incredibly sensitive to environmental factors such as vibrations and fluctuations in temperature or electromagnetic fields.

Due to their high cost and specialized requirements, quantum computers are not expected to be used in everyday computing tasks in the near future.

Commercially available quantum computers can be accessed via the cloud, with IBM and Google offering such services.

Quantum computing can enable complex computations, making previously unfeasible research projects possible.

Advances in healthcare, energy production, machine learning, and artificial intelligence could be accelerated with quantum computing.

More accurate and precise weather predictions and algorithmic stock trading may become possible with quantum computing.

Logistics and supply chain management could see massive efficiency gains from quantum computing.

The potential applications of quantum computing are vast, with the potential to revolutionize various industries.

Despite the current limitations, quantum computing represents a significant evolution in computing technology.

Transcripts

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