Lec-37 I Measurement of Turbidity I Applied chemistry I Chemical engineering

Chemical Engineering Department_LJIET
29 Jul 202113:48
EducationalLearning
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TLDRIn this informative video lecture, Sugrudi Joshi from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology introduces a comprehensive exploration of applied chemistry, focusing on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The session delves into the examination of organic and inorganic substances, acid-base titrations, and the determination of turbidity using nephelometric turbidity methods. The practical application involves advanced techniques and instruments such as the nephelometric turbidity meter and the turbidity rod. The lecture outlines the necessary apparatus, chemicals, and procedural steps to accurately measure and understand turbidity levels, emphasizing its importance in environmental analysis and water quality assessment.

Takeaways
  • 📚 The lecture is part of a video series on Applied Chemistry, subject code 3130506, by Sugrudi Joshi from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology.
  • 🧪 The session focuses on qualitative and quantitative analysis in applied chemistry, including the study of organic and inorganic substances, acid-base titrations, viscosity, and turbidity.
  • 🔍 Advanced techniques and analytical methods are used in the experiments to identify physical properties of substances.
  • 🌊 The experiment discussed is about turbidity determination, aiming to measure the turbidity of a given sample in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).
  • 💡 A Nephelometric Turbidity Meter is used for the experiment, which requires specific apparatus such as a turbidity rod, mastic box, and a candle.
  • 🔬 Standard apparatus for the lab includes a measuring cylinder, pipette, buret, and conical flask, with smaller sizes used for minimal sample amounts.
  • 🛠️ The turbidity meter has a digital screen for displaying results, knobs for setting constraints and temperature, and a sample cell for holding the sample under a light source.
  • 🧴 Preparation of reagents involves dissolving hydrazine sulfate and hexamethylene tetramine in distilled water, followed by dilution and incubation at a specific temperature for 24 hours to achieve a standard turbidity.
  • 📊 The turbidity meter is standardized using a solution with a known turbidity value, and the experiment involves comparing readings from the sample to this standard.
  • 🔄 The procedure includes preparing reagents, setting up the instrument, taking readings, and ensuring the sample is free of bubbles and properly temperature-controlled.
  • 🌿 The turbidity test is important for environmental protection and analytics, helping to determine the quality of water and the need for treatment.
Q & A

  • What is the subject code for Applied Chemistry in the lecture series?

    -The subject code for Applied Chemistry is 3130506.

  • What types of analysis will be covered in the lecture series on Applied Chemistry?

    -The lecture series will cover both qualitative and quantitative analysis, including the study of organic and inorganic substances, acid-base titrations, viscosity, and turbidity.

  • What advanced techniques will be used for physical properties identification in Applied Chemistry experiments?

    -Advanced analytical methods, including the use of a nephelometric turbidity meter, will be used for physical properties identification in Applied Chemistry experiments.

  • What is the purpose of Experiment Number Two in the Applied Chemistry series?

    -The purpose of Experiment Number Two is to determine the turbidity of a given sample in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) using a turbidity emitter.

  • What is the method used to perform turbidity measurements in this experiment?

    -The method used for turbidity measurements is the Nephelometric Turbidity Method.

  • What apparatuses are required for the turbidity measurement experiment?

    -The required apparatuses include a digital turbidity meter, nephelometric turbidity emitter, turbidity rod, mastic box, candle, measuring cylinder, pipette, buret, and conical flask.

  • How is the turbidity meter operated in the experiment?

    -The turbidity meter is operated by switching it on, setting the instrument at 100 on the scale with a 40 NTU standard suspension, and adjusting for room temperature. The sample is then placed in the sample cell, and the turbidity value is measured.

  • What chemicals are needed to prepare for the turbidity measurement experiment?

    -The required chemicals include a water sample under test, hydrazine sulfate, and distilled water.

  • How is the standard turbidity solution prepared for the experiment?

    -The standard turbidity solution is prepared by dissolving 1.0 gram of hydrazine sulfate and 10 grams of hexamethylene tetramine separately in distilled water and diluting them to 100 ml in volumetric flasks. These solutions are then combined, diluted to 1000 ml, and allowed to stand at 25 to 30 degrees Celsius for 24 hours to develop a turbidity of 40 NTU.

  • What is the significance of turbidity measurements in environmental analysis?

    -Turbidity measurements are significant in environmental analysis as they help determine the clarity of water and the presence of suspended particles, which is crucial for assessing water quality, especially for drinking water and other usable water sources.

  • How long can the standard turbidity solution be kept for use?

    -The standard turbidity solution can be kept for about a month and can be used for various experiments during that period.

Outlines
00:00
📚 Introduction to Applied Chemistry and Turbidity Experiment

This paragraph introduces the speaker, Sugrudi Joshi from LG Institute, and sets the context for a video lecture series on Applied Chemistry (subject code 3130506). The focus is on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, including the study of physical properties, identification techniques, and advanced analytical methods. The session specifically covers the turbidity experiment, aiming to determine the turbidity of a given sample in NTU units using a nephelometric turbidity meter. The apparatus and chemicals required for the experiment are listed, including a digital turbidity meter, nephelometric turbidity emitter, and various reagents.

05:02
🧪 Preparation and Calibration for Turbidity Measurement

The second paragraph delves into the preparation of reagents and calibration of the turbidity measurement instrument. It details the process of creating solutions from hydrazine sulfate and hexamethylene tetramine, and the importance of using blank and test samples to ensure the instrument's accuracy. The standardization of turbidity units is explained, with instructions on preparing a turbid solution with a specific turbidity value. The paragraph emphasizes the need for proper calibration and preparation to obtain reliable results.

10:02
🔧 Operation and Procedure of the Turbidity Meter

The final paragraph outlines the operation of the turbidity meter and the procedure for conducting the turbidity experiment. It begins with the initial setup of the instrument, including turning it on and setting the scale. The paragraph then describes the steps for preparing the sample, eliminating bubbles, and ensuring proper temperature settings. The actual measurement process is explained, including how to obtain and interpret NTU values. The significance of turbidity measurement in environmental analysis is highlighted, with a mention of its application in environmental protection labs. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the experiment's findings and their implications for water quality assessment.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Applied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry refers to the practical application of chemical knowledge and techniques to solve real-world problems. In the context of the video, it involves both qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances, including the study of physical properties and the use of advanced analytical methods.
💡Qualitative Analysis
Qualitative analysis is a method used to identify the presence and nature of certain elements or compounds within a sample. It focuses on determining the characteristics or properties of a substance rather than measuring its numerical quantity. In the video, qualitative analysis is used to observe the physical properties of substances, such as their reaction to certain tests or treatments.
💡Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis, in contrast to qualitative analysis, involves the measurement of the numerical quantity of a substance within a sample. It provides precise data that can be used to calculate concentrations or amounts of specific components. The video discusses using advanced techniques for quantitative analysis in applied chemistry.
💡Turbidity
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness in a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. It is an important parameter in water quality testing and can indicate the level of contamination or the effectiveness of water treatment processes. In the video, turbidity is determined using a nephelometric turbidity meter.
💡Nephelometric Turbidity Method
The Nephelometric Turbidity Method is a technique used to measure the turbidity of a sample by comparing its light scattering properties to a standard. This method requires a nephelometric turbidity meter and a standard suspension for calibration. It is widely used in environmental and analytical labs for assessing water quality.
💡Conductance Measurement
Conductance measurement is a process used to determine the ability of a solution to conduct an electric current. It is related to the concentration of ions in the solution and is often used in titrations to identify the endpoint of a reaction. In the video, conductance measurement was previously discussed in the context of a neutralization titration.
💡Standard Suspension
A standard suspension is a solution with a known concentration of particles that is used as a reference in turbidity measurements. It allows for the calibration of the turbidity meter and ensures accurate readings by providing a known point of comparison.
💡Nephelometric Turbidity Meter
A Nephelometric Turbidity Meter is an instrument designed to measure the turbidity of a sample using the nephelometric method. It works by shining a light through the sample and measuring the amount of light scattered by the suspended particles.
💡Sample Preparation
Sample preparation is the process of getting a sample ready for analysis or testing. This includes taking the sample, treating it if necessary, and ensuring it is in the correct form for the intended analysis. In the video, sample preparation involves dissolving specific chemicals in water and allowing the mixture to become turbid.
💡Environmental Analytics Labs
Environmental analytics labs are specialized facilities that analyze environmental samples, such as water or air, to assess their quality and safety. They use various chemical and physical tests to determine the presence and concentration of pollutants or other substances of interest.
💡Turbidity Unit (NTU)
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) are a unit of measurement used to express the turbidity of a sample. The higher the NTU value, the more turbid or cloudy the sample is. This measurement is crucial for assessing water quality and can indicate the need for treatment or filtration.
Highlights

Introduction to the video lecture series on Applied Chemistry by Sugrudi Joshi from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology.

Explanation of the subject code 3130506 for Applied Chemistry and the continuation from previous session experiments.

Focus on qualitative and quantitative analysis in Applied Chemistry, including the study of organic and inorganic substances, acid-base titrations, viscosity, and turbidity.

Discussion on the use of advanced techniques and analytical methods in the experiments of Applied Chemistry.

Review of the last session's experiment on the measurement of conductance and neutralization point of HCL versus NaOH's titration using a conductivity metal.

Introduction to Experiment Number Two, which aims to determine the turbidity of a given sample in NTU units using a turbidity emitter.

Explanation of the nephelometric turbidity method and the use of a nephilometric turbidity meter.

Description of the apparatus used in the experiment, including a digital turbidity meter, nephelometric turbidity emitter, turbidity rod, mastic box, and candle.

Discussion on the common apparatuses used in a chemical lab such as measuring cylinder, pipette, buret, and conical flask.

Explanation of the different parts of the nephelometric turbidity emitter and their functions.

Description of the chemicals required for the experiment, including water sample, hydrazine sulfate, and distilled water.

Procedure for preparing reagents, including the dissolution of hydrazine sulfate and hexamethylene tetramine in distilled water.

Instructions for creating a standard solution with a turbidity value of 40 and its use in calibration and experimentation.

Standardization of the turbidity unit and its importance in the experiment.

Operation of the instrument, including switching on the instrument, setting the scale, and preparing the sample.

Observation and recording of the turbidity values and their implications on water quality and treatment requirements.

Application of turbidity measurement in environmental protection labs and its significance in ensuring the quality of drinking water and usable water.

Conclusion summarizing the experiment's findings and its practical applications in environmental analysis.

Transcripts

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Chemistry EducationQualitative AnalysisQuantitative AnalysisAcid-Base TitrationTurbidity MeasurementAdvanced TechniquesEngineering LectureLG InstituteEnvironmental AnalyticsWater Treatment