Lec-03 I Magnetic and Optical properties I Applied Chemistry I Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department_LJIET
29 Jul 202113:16
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this lecture, Surudi Joshi from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology explores the physical properties and chemical constitution of matter, focusing on liquids. The session delves into dipole moment, molar refraction, optical activity, and magnetic properties, highlighting their significance in the analysis of substances, particularly in research and development. The concepts of paracore and viscosity from the previous session are also briefly recapped, emphasizing their importance in understanding the behavior of solutions.

Takeaways
  • ๐Ÿ“š The lecture is about Applied Chemistry, specifically focusing on the subject code 3130506.
  • ๐Ÿ“ˆ Chapter one covers the physical properties and chemical constitution of matter, divided into physical properties and the theory of solutions.
  • ๐Ÿ” Physical properties are analyzed through the study of paracore and viscosity, which are important for the analysis of solutions, particularly liquid ones.
  • ๐Ÿงฒ Dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a molecule, calculated as the product of the charge (q) and the distance (r) between the charges.
  • ๐ŸŒŸ Molar refraction involves the combination of atomic and bond refractions, playing a significant role in research and development, especially with large molecules.
  • ๐Ÿ”„ Optical activity refers to the behavior of molecules when exposed to light, particularly chiral molecules which can rotate plane-polarized light, resulting in enantiomers and racemic mixtures.
  • ๐Ÿคฒ Hands are a good example of chirality, being mirror images that cannot be superimposed on each other.
  • ๐Ÿ”ฎ Magnetic properties of atoms and molecules are influenced by magnetic fields and are essential for techniques like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • ๐Ÿ”ง Substances can be categorized based on their magnetic behavior into diamagnetics, paramagnetics, and ferromagnetics, with each having distinct responses to magnetic fields.
  • ๐Ÿญ The properties studied have practical applications in industry, research and development, and education, with examples like iron, cobalt, and nickel being widely used ferromagnetic materials.
Q & A

  • What is the main focus of the lecture transcript provided?

    -The main focus of the lecture transcript is on the study of physical properties and chemical constitution of matter in the subject of Applied Chemistry, specifically discussing properties such as dipole moment, molar refraction, optical activity, and magnetic properties.

  • What are the two parts that the chapter on physical properties and chemical constitution is divided into?

    -The chapter is divided into two parts: the first part discusses physical properties, while the second part is about the theory of solutions.

  • What are the two properties that were studied in the last session of the lecture?

    -In the last session, the properties studied were paracore and viscosity.

  • How is the dipole moment of a polar molecule defined and denoted?

    -The dipole moment of a polar molecule is defined as the product of the charge (q) and the distance (r) between the charges. It is denoted by the symbol mu (ฮผ).

  • What is the significance of molar refraction in research and development?

    -Molar refraction, which is the sum of atomic refractions and bond refractions, plays a crucial role in the detailed study of molecules, particularly bulky or supramolecular structures, and is important for research and development in scientific institutes.

  • What is the phenomenon of optical activity and how is it observed?

    -Optical activity is the behavior of certain molecules, typically those with chiral carbons, when exposed to plane polarized light. It is observed as a rotation of the plane of polarized light, either to the right or left, depending on the chirality of the molecule. This phenomenon is associated with enantiomers, which are mirror-image non-superimposable compounds.

  • What are the three types of magnetic properties that can be observed in substances?

    -The three types of magnetic properties are diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic. Diamagnetic substances ripple out of the magnetic field, paramagnetic substances are attracted towards the magnetic field, and ferromagnetic substances exhibit intense paramagnetism and retain their magnetic properties even after removal from the magnetic field.

  • How does the magnetic property of a substance relate to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy?

    -In NMR spectroscopy, the magnetic properties of a substance, specifically the behavior of spinning protons and neutrons in a magnetic field, are used to analyze the substance. The nuclei absorb frequencies at different ranges under the influence of a magnetic field, allowing for the identification and analysis of the substance's structure.

  • What is the relevance of the properties discussed in the lecture to industrial applications?

    -The properties discussed, such as dipole moment, molar refraction, optical activity, and magnetic properties, are crucial for various industrial applications. They are used in the analysis and development of materials, in the design of chemical processes, and in the creation of products that utilize these properties, like the use of ferromagnetic materials in everyday life and various industries.

  • How do the concepts of additive and constitutive properties relate to the study of substances?

    -Additive and constitutive properties are essential for the analysis and detailed study of substances. Additive properties, like the total energy of a system, can be calculated by adding the contributions of individual parts. Constitutive properties, on the other hand, depend on the specific constitution of the material. Understanding these properties is crucial for predicting and controlling the behavior of substances in different conditions.

  • What is the significance of understanding the relationship between physical properties and the constitution of matter?

    -Understanding the relationship between physical properties and the constitution of matter is fundamental to the field of chemistry and material science. It allows scientists and engineers to predict and manipulate the behavior of materials, design new substances with desired properties, and optimize chemical processes for various applications in research, industry, and education.

Outlines
00:00
๐Ÿ“š Introduction to Applied Chemistry and Physical Properties

This paragraph introduces Surudi Joshi, a lecturer from LG Institute of Engineering and Technology, who is about to deliver a lecture on Applied Chemistry, specifically focusing on the subject code 3130506. The session builds upon the previous one, which covered the physical properties and chemical constitution of matter. The current session aims to delve deeper into the physical properties of liquids, the theory of solutions, and the relationship between these properties and the structure of matter. It mentions the study of paracore and viscosity from the last session and introduces the topics for the current session: dipole moment, molar refraction, optical activity, and magnetic properties. The importance of understanding these properties for the analysis of substances, particularly in liquid solutions, is emphasized.

05:02
๐Ÿ”ฌ Understanding Molar Refraction and Optical Activity

This paragraph discusses the concept of molar refraction, which involves the vibration of molecules and the combination of atomic refractions and bond refractions. It highlights the significance of molar refraction in research and development, especially in the study of large, complex molecules. The paragraph then moves on to optical activity, explaining how molecules interact with light and exhibit different behaviors based on their functional groups and chemical environments. The concept of chirality and enantiomers is introduced, using the example of lactic acid and the human hand to illustrate mirror-image compounds that are non-superimposable. The discussion also touches on racemic mixtures and mesomeric bases, emphasizing the importance of optical activity in the analysis of compounds.

10:03
๐Ÿงฒ Exploring Magnetic Properties and Substance Classification

The final paragraph of the script delves into the magnetic properties of atoms and molecules, explaining how their behavior changes under the influence of a magnetic field. It outlines the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in analyzing substances based on their magnetic properties. The paragraph categorizes substances into three types based on their magnetic behavior: diamagnetics, paramagnetics, and ferromagnetics. Each category is explained with their respective behaviors in a magnetic field and their practical applications, with examples such as iron, cobalt, and nickel for ferromagnetic materials. The importance of understanding these properties for research, industry, and education is reiterated, concluding the lecture with a teaser for the next session.

Mindmap
Keywords
๐Ÿ’กApplied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry refers to the practical application of chemical knowledge and techniques to solve real-world problems. In the context of the video, this subject is the main focus, with the lecturer discussing various properties and theories related to matter and solutions, emphasizing the practical aspects of chemistry in understanding and manipulating substances.
๐Ÿ’กPhysical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity. In the video, physical properties such as dipole moment, molar refraction, and viscosity are discussed in relation to the structure and constitution of matter, highlighting how these properties are fundamental to understanding and analyzing materials.
๐Ÿ’กDipole Moment
Dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule or atomic group. It is a vector quantity that defines the polarity of a molecule. In the video, the dipole moment is introduced as a key concept to understand the behavior of polar molecules, which is crucial for predicting interactions between molecules and their physical properties.
๐Ÿ’กMolar Refraction
Molar refraction is a property of a substance that relates to the refractive index of a material and its molecular composition. It is a measure of how much the vibrations of atoms and bonds within a molecule contribute to the overall refraction of light passing through the substance. In the video, molar refraction is discussed as an important concept for research and development, particularly in the study of large or 'supramolecular' complexes.
๐Ÿ’กOptical Activity
Optical activity is a phenomenon where certain molecules, typically those with chiral centers, rotate the plane of polarized light. This property is used to distinguish between different isomers, known as enantiomers, which are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on each other. In the video, optical activity is discussed as a key characteristic of chiral molecules and its relevance in the identification and study of such compounds.
๐Ÿ’กMagnetic Properties
Magnetic properties refer to the behavior of atoms or molecules when subjected to a magnetic field. These properties can be categorized into diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic behaviors, each describing how a substance interacts with a magnetic field. In the video, magnetic properties are discussed in the context of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which is a technique used to analyze substances based on their magnetic behavior.
๐Ÿ’กChirality
Chirality is a term used to describe the three-dimensional shape of a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image. It is a key concept in chemistry, as it can significantly affect the properties and reactivity of molecules, particularly in the context of biological systems. In the video, chirality is introduced as the reason behind optical activity, with chiral molecules like those with a chiral carbon center being able to rotate plane polarized light.
๐Ÿ’กEnantiomers
Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed onto one another. This means that despite having the same chemical composition, they have different spatial arrangements of atoms. In the context of the video, enantiomers are discussed as an important aspect of chirality, with the ability to rotate plane polarized light differently, which has significant implications in fields like pharmaceuticals and materials science.
๐Ÿ’กViscosity
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow or, in simpler terms, its 'thickness.' It is an important physical property that can affect the behavior and performance of liquids and solutions in various applications. In the video, viscosity is one of the two properties studied in the previous session, indicating its relevance to the analysis of liquid solutions.
๐Ÿ’กParacore
Paracore, likely a typographical error for 'paracore' or 'parachor,' is a property related to the molar volume of a liquid at which the surface tension becomes unity. It is a concept used to understand the behavior of liquids and their surface properties. In the video, paracore is mentioned as one of the two properties studied in the previous session, indicating its importance in the analysis of liquid physical properties.
Highlights

Introduction to the subject Applied Chemistry and its code 3130506.

Continuation from the previous session on physical properties and chemical constitution of matter.

Focus on the physical properties of liquids and the theory of solutions in this chapter.

Study of dipole moment, molar refractions, optical activity, and magnetic properties.

Explanation of dipole moment as the distance between charges in a polar molecule.

Importance of viscosity in the analysis of liquid solutions.

Molar refraction's significance in research and development, especially for bulky molecules.

Optical activity as the behavior of molecules when exposed to light, particularly observed in chiral carbons.

Enantiomers as mirror images that are non-superimposable, such as our hands.

Study of magnetic properties through NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy.

Different types of magnetic properties: diamagnetics, paramagnetics, and ferromagnetics.

Ferromagnetics retain their magnetic property even after removal from a magnetic field.

Practical applications of magnetic properties in everyday life and various industries.

The relationship between the physical properties and the constitution of substances.

The importance of these properties in industry, research, development, and education.

Transcripts

Browse More Related Video

Lec-32 l NMR Spectroscopy l Applied chemistry | Chemical engineering

Lec-05 I Colligative properties I Applied Chemistry I Chemical Engineering

Lec-37 I Measurement of Turbidity I Applied chemistry I Chemical engineering

Lec-16 I Introduction to phase rule I Applied chemistry

Lec-38 I Measurement of Viscocity I Applied chemistry I Chemical engineering

Lec-09 I Optical Isomers I Applied Chemistry I Chemical engineering

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Thanks for rating:

Related Tags
Chemistry EducationPhysical PropertiesDipole MomentMolar RefractionOptical ActivityMagnetic PropertiesApplied ChemistryLecture SeriesEngineering StudentsAcademic Content