Dental Calculus (Part 1) ‖ Dental Calculus Made Easy ‖ Perio Hub ‖ Dr Sneha

PERIO HUB
5 Sept 202010:32
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThe video script from Perio Hub, hosted by Dr. Sneha, delves into the topic of dental calculus. It explains the formation of calculus from mineralized dental plaque on natural teeth or prosthesis, its types (supra gingival and sub gingival), and the historical perspective of its association with oral diseases. The script also discusses the composition of calculus, highlighting the inorganic and organic contents, and the significance of dental care in preventing its accumulation. The information is presented with an emphasis on the importance of understanding and managing dental calculus for oral health.

Takeaways
  • 📌 Dental calculus is formed by the mineralization of dental plaque on tooth surfaces.
  • 🦷 Both natural teeth and prosthesis can develop calculus, as they are non-shedding surfaces.
  • 📚 The term 'calculus' originates from Greek, where 'calcius' means limestone, indicating its consistency.
  • 🔍 Dental calculus can be classified into supragingival and subgingival based on location.
  • 👀 Supragingival calculus is visible, while subgingival calculus is not and requires examination with tools.
  • 🎨 Supragingival calculus is usually whitish or yellowish, whereas subgingival calculus tends to be greenish or brownish.
  • 📈 Historically, calculus was thought to cause oral diseases, but it was later found that plaque and its microorganisms are the primary irritants.
  • 📊 The prevalence of supragingival calculus is higher than subgingival, as seen in the national health survey.
  • 🌍 Access to dental care, as seen in the study comparing Norwegian academicians and Sri Lankan tea workers, affects calculus accumulation.
  • 💎 Dental calculus is primarily composed of inorganic substances, with calcium phosphate being the most abundant.
  • 🌿 Organic content in calculus mainly consists of proteins and polysaccharides.
Q & A

  • What is the primary cause of dental calculus formation?

    -Dental calculus forms primarily due to the mineralization of dental plaque on the surfaces of natural teeth and prosthesis.

  • What are the two main types of dental calculus based on location?

    -The two main types of dental calculus based on location are supragingival calculus, which forms above the gingival margin, and subgingival calculus, which forms below the gingival margin.

  • What is the difference in visibility between supragingival and subgingival calculus?

    -Supragingival calculus is visible to the naked eye, while subgingival calculus is not visible and needs to be examined with a probe or explorer.

  • What are the color differences between supragingival and subgingival calculus?

    -Supragingival calculus is usually whitish, yellowish, or takes on the color of the food we eat, whereas subgingival calculus is greenish or brownish in color.

  • How does the consistency of supragingival and subgingival calculus differ?

    -Supragingival calculus has a hard, clay-like consistency, while subgingival calculus is also hard but has a flint-like consistency, similar to the flakes scraped off a rock.

  • What are the two ways of classifying dental calculus based on mineralization?

    -Based on mineralization, dental calculus can be classified as salivary calculus, which forms on supragingival surfaces exposed to saliva, and cervical calculus, which forms on subgingival surfaces exposed to gingival exudates.

  • How can individuals be classified based on their calculus formation rate?

    -Individuals can be classified based on their calculus formation rate into non-calculus formers, slight calculus formers, moderate calculus formers, and heavy calculus formers.

  • What was the prevalence of supragingival and subgingival calculus in a study conducted by the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 1988 and 1994?

    -In that study, 91.8% of individuals had supragingival calculus, while only 55.1% had subgingival calculus.

  • What are the main inorganic components of dental calculus?

    -The main inorganic components of dental calculus are calcium phosphate molecules, which make up 70% of the inorganic content, followed by calcium carbonate molecules at 3%, and traces of magnesium phosphate molecules.

  • What are the organic components found in dental calculus?

    -The organic components of dental calculus are primarily a complex of proteins and polysaccharides, with approximately 9.1% carbohydrates, 8.2% amino acids, and traces, 0.2% lipids.

  • Which crystals are predominantly found in supragingival and subgingival calculus?

    -In supragingival calculus, brucite and octa calcium phosphate crystals are seen in majority, while in subgingival calculus, magnesium whitlockite crystals are more prevalent.

Outlines
00:00
🦷 Introduction to Dental Calculus

This paragraph introduces Dr. Sneha and the Perio Hub YouTube channel, which focuses on dental and periodontology-related topics. It delves into the concept of dental calculus, explaining that it is a hardened layer formed by the mineralization of dental plaque on natural teeth and prosthesis surfaces. The video emphasizes that calculus forms on non-shedding surfaces and discusses the historical understanding of calculus's role in oral diseases. It also touches on the various names for dental calculus, such as 'starter' and 'odentolithiasis,' highlighting the importance of understanding these terms for educational purposes. The paragraph sets the stage for a detailed discussion on the classification, prevalence, and composition of dental calculus.

05:00
📊 Classification and Prevalence of Dental Calculus

This section provides an in-depth classification of dental calculus based on three major modalities: location, mineralization, and the rate of accumulation. It differentiates between supragingival and subgingival calculus, explaining their visibility, color, consistency, and the environments in which they form. The paragraph also discusses the prevalence of dental calculus, citing a national health survey and a 15-year study comparing the calculus accumulation in different populations. The study results underscore the impact of dental care on the prevention and accumulation of calculus, emphasizing the importance of good oral hygiene practices.

10:07
🧬 Composition of Dental Calculus

The final paragraph of the script discusses the composition of dental calculus, detailing both its inorganic and organic contents. It highlights that inorganic materials, primarily calcium phosphate, make up the majority of the calculus, with traces of sodium, zinc, aluminium, and magnesium. The organic component is mainly a complex of proteins and polysaccharides. The paragraph also explains the significance of understanding the composition of calculus, particularly the various crystals present, such as hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, magnesium whitlockite, and brucite. This knowledge is crucial for dental professionals in understanding the properties and challenges associated with removing calculus during treatment.

🤗 Conclusion and Future Discussion

In the concluding paragraph, Dr. Sneha wraps up the first part of the video on dental calculus, expressing hope that the information was helpful and informative. She encourages viewers to subscribe, like, share, and leave feedback for future content. Dr. Sneha also teases the next video, promising to continue the discussion on dental calculus and other related topics, ensuring viewers that she will provide more valuable insights in the upcoming videos. The paragraph ends with a warm sign-off, reminding viewers to take care of themselves.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Dental Calculus
Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is a hardened layer formed by the mineralization of dental plaque on the surfaces of natural teeth and prosthesis. It is the main focus of the video, as it discusses its formation, classification, and impact on oral health. The video explains that calculus is not only formed on non-shedding surfaces but also delves into its composition and the role it plays in oral diseases.
💡Dental Plaque
Dental plaque is a soft, sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. It is the precursor to dental calculus, as the mineralization of plaque leads to the formation of calculus. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding plaque as it is directly associated with the development of oral diseases.
💡Mineralization
Mineralization is the process by which minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, are deposited in certain tissues, including dental plaque, leading to the formation of hard structures like dental calculus. This process is central to the development of calculus and its impact on dental health.
💡Supra Gingival Calculus
Supra gingival calculus refers to the type of dental calculus that forms above the gum line, on the crown part of the tooth. It is visible to the naked eye and can be whitish, yellowish, or discolored by food. The video explains that supra gingival calculus is hard and clay-like in consistency, and is also known as salivary calculus due to its exposure to saliva.
💡Sub Gingival Calculus
Sub gingival calculus is the type of calculus that forms beneath the gum line, or apical to the gingival margin. Unlike supra gingival calculus, it is not visible to the naked eye and often has a greenish or brownish color. It is harder and flint-like in consistency and is also known as cervical calculus, formed from gingival excudates rather than saliva.
💡Hippocrates
Hippocrates, known as the father of medicine, was the first person to discuss dental calculus and its association with oral diseases. His observations laid the foundation for understanding the relationship between dental calculus and oral health, which is a significant historical context in the study of periodontal disease.
💡Albuquers
Albuquers was a historical figure who used specific instruments to remove dental calculus and observed that oral diseases subsided after its removal. His work contributed to the understanding of the role of calculus in oral health and the benefits of its removal.
💡Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It is mentioned in the video as a common oral disease that was historically thought to be caused by calculus, but later research showed that it is primarily caused by the bacteria in dental plaque.
💡Gingival Sulcus
The gingival sulcus is the space or pocket between the tooth and the gum line. It is relevant to the discussion of dental calculus as calculus can form in this area, especially sub gingival calculus, which is beneath the gum line and not visible without examination.
💡Brucite and Octa Calcium Phosphate
Brucite and Octa Calcium Phosphate are specific types of crystals found in dental calculus. They are important components of the inorganic content of calculus, with Brucite being more prevalent in supra gingival calculus and Octa Calcium Phosphate being a significant component in both types.
💡National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) is a program conducted to assess the health and nutritional status of the population in a specific country. In the context of the video, it is used to cite statistics on the prevalence of supra gingival and sub gingival calculus among individuals in the United States.
Highlights

Perio Hub is a YouTube channel discussing dental and periodontology related topics.

Dental calculus is formed by the mineralization of dental plaque on tooth surfaces.

Both plaque and calculus form on non-shedding surfaces, not on gingiva or buccal mucosa.

Hippocrates was the first to associate dental calculus with oral diseases.

Albuquers used instruments to remove dental calculus, leading to subsiding of oral diseases.

For 5000 years, calculus was considered a primary factor in periodontal disease until modern studies showed plaque was the culprit.

Dental calculus can be classified by location (supra-gingival and sub-gingival), color, consistency, and mineralization.

Supra-gingival calculus is visible, hard, and can be whitish, yellowish, or food-colored.

Sub-gingival calculus is not visible, harder, and greenish or brownish in color.

Supra-gingival calculus contains more brucite and octa calcium phosphate crystals, while sub-gingival has more magnesium butyloki crystals.

Based on the rate of formation, individuals can be classified as non-calculus formers to heavy calculus formers.

A study found 91.8% of individuals had supra-gingival calculus, and 55.1% had sub-gingival calculus.

Education and access to dental care significantly influence the accumulation of dental calculus.

Dental calculus is composed mainly of inorganic content (70-90%) and a smaller amount of organic content (10%).

Calcium phosphate molecules make up 70% of the inorganic content in calculus.

Hydroxyapatite, octa calcium phosphate, magnesium whitlockite, and brucite are the main crystal types found in calculus.

Organic content in calculus includes proteins, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, amino acids, and traces of lipids.

The video aims to educate on the importance of understanding dental calculus for dental health.

Transcripts

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Dental HealthPlaque FormationCalculus TypesHistorical InsightsOral HygienePrevalence DataCalcium PhosphateProtein-Polysaccharide ComplexDental Care ImportanceEducational Content