Basic Surgical Instruments
TLDRThe provided transcript offers an in-depth look at the essential surgical instruments that students of surgical technology must learn to master. It covers approximately 50 basic instruments, highlighting their unique uses in various surgeries. Key instruments include the electrosurgical unit for cutting and coagulating tissue, different types of clamps like mosquito and Kelly clamps, and scissors such as Mayo and Metzenbaum for precision cutting. Scalpels with various handles and blades are also discussed, along with forceps for tissue manipulation. The importance of retractors for keeping the surgical site open and clear is emphasized, with examples like handheld, self-retaining, and malleable retractors. Suction tips for clearing fluids from the wound and needle holders for suturing complete the overview. The transcript serves as a comprehensive guide for surgical technology students, aiming to familiarize them with the vast array of tools used in surgery.
Takeaways
- 🧐 Surgical technology students must learn to identify and use hundreds of instruments, with around 50 considered basic for various surgeries.
- 🔌 The electrosurgical unit (Bovie) provides electricity to cut or coagulate tissue, using a grounding pad to complete the circuit.
- 🔪 The harmonic scalpel uses high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to cut and coagulate tissue through friction and heat.
- 🦟 Mosquito clamps, or Halstead clamps, are small hemostats available in curved and straight versions for precise tissue control.
- 🤏 Clamps like the Cryo, Kelly, and Pean are larger than mosquito clamps and are used for clamping tissue or dressings, with serrations distinguishing their use.
- ✂️ Mayo scissors come in straight and curved versions for different surgical approaches, while Metzenbaum scissors offer a more delicate cutting option.
- 🤰 The Lister scissor is designed with a rounded tip for protecting underlying tissue during surgery, such as a C-section.
- 🩸 Wire cutters are used for cutting through wire, such as in cases where a patient's mouth has been wired shut.
- 🔪 Scalpels have different handles and blades, with the number three handle being common and compatible with smaller blades, while the number four handle takes larger blades.
- 🦊 Forceps, or forceps, have various designs based on handle shape and tip characteristics, with specific forceps like the Adson, DeBakey, and Russian forceps used for delicate or tough tissue.
- 🧹 Towel clamps are used to secure surgical towels around the incision site, with options like the Backhaus and Rongeurs for penetrating and non-penetrating closure.
Q & A
What are the two primary functions of the electrosurgical unit?
-The electrosurgical unit is used for cutting tissue by using electricity to heat the tissue until it vaporizes, and for coagulation, which involves heating the tissue to cause proteins to coagulate and seal off blood vessels to stop bleeding.
How does the harmonic scalpel differ from the electrosurgical unit in its method of cutting and coagulating tissue?
-The harmonic scalpel uses electricity to create a high-frequency ultrasonic vibration at the end of the device. This rapid vibration against another piece creates friction, which in turn generates heat to cut and coagulate the tissue, unlike the electrosurgical unit which uses direct electrical current.
What are the two types of mosquito clamps, and what are their typical uses?
-The mosquito clamps come in curved and straight versions. The curved version is typically used on tissue to clamp down on small bleeders, while the straight version is often used for handling dressings or sutures.
How does the size difference between a cryo and a mosquito clamp affect their usage?
-The cryo clamp is slightly larger than the mosquito clamp. This size difference allows the cryo to be used more often on tissue, especially for clamping down on blood vessels to control bleeding, while the smaller mosquito clamp is used for more delicate tasks.
What is the defining feature that distinguishes a Kelly clamp from a cryo clamp?
-The defining feature is that the serrations on a Kelly clamp only go about halfway down to the box lock, whereas the serrations on a cryo clamp extend all the way down to the box lock.
What are the two main types of Mayo scissors, and what are their respective uses?
-The two main types of Mayo scissors are the straight and curved versions. The curved Mayo scissors are used for cutting tissue as they allow the surgeon to see past their hand, while the straight Mayo scissors are used for cutting dressings or sutures.
What is the purpose of the beaver blade and handle in delicate surgeries?
-The beaver blade and handle are used for very delicate surgeries, such as plastic surgeries, where fine and precise cutting is required. The beaver blade is very tiny and delicate, allowing for precise incisions.
How does the forceps' handle shape affect the surgeon's control during surgery?
-The shape of the forceps' handle can significantly affect the surgeon's control. A plain handle is straight and provides a standard grip, while an Adson handle is shorter and wider, offering finer control in small and delicate areas.
What are the key differences between a Babcock and an Allis clamp in terms of their application?
-The Babcock clamp has a sweeping curve and a gentle straight point, making it atraumatic and suitable for delicate tissues like blood vessels or intestinal tissue. The Allis clamp, with its teeth, is designed for tougher materials like fascia or bone and is considered traumatic, potentially damaging the tissue.
What is the primary purpose of handheld retractors in surgery?
-Handheld retractors are used to retract tissue out of the way and hold the wound open, allowing the surgeon to see and access the area they are operating on. They are held by a surgical assistant during the procedure.
How does a self-retaining retractor differ from handheld retractors?
-A self-retaining retractor is designed to stay in place once positioned by the surgeon, locking into place and keeping the wound open without the need for manual holding. This allows the surgical assistant's hands to be free and out of the way.
Outlines
🛠️ Basic Surgical Instruments Overview
This paragraph introduces the complexity of learning the vast array of surgical instruments, with a focus on the 50 or so most basic instruments used across various surgeries. It emphasizes the importance of understanding each instrument's function, such as the electrosurgical unit for cutting and coagulation, and the different types of clamps like mosquito hemostats and cryo hemostats. It also touches on the harmonic scalpel, a high-tech instrument for cutting and coagulating tissue.
🔍 Exploring Clamps, Scissors, and Scalpels
The second paragraph delves into various types of clamps, including the Kelly clamp, pean clamp, and Rochester pean, each with specific serration patterns and uses. It then discusses the importance of scissors in surgery, such as Mayo scissors and their curved versions for different surgical approaches. The paragraph also covers the use of scalpels, highlighting different knife handles and their corresponding blades, like the number 10 and 20 blades for number three and four handles, respectively.
🦈 Specialized Forceps and Towel Clamps
This section focuses on forceps, including Adson forceps with rat teeth for delicate tissue and tissue forceps for heavier tissue. It also describes towel clamps like the back house towel clamp and non-penetrating towel clips, used for clamping surgical towels without causing damage to the tissue. Additionally, grasping forceps like the Forester sponge stick and Babcock and Allis forceps are introduced, with the latter being either atraumatic or traumatic depending on the application.
⚙️ Retractors and Their Applications
The fourth paragraph discusses retractors, which are used to hold tissue apart during surgery. It describes handheld retractors like the Army Navy retractor, Parker retractor, and Goulet retractor, each with unique designs for specific uses. Self-retaining retractors, such as the Wheatlander, are also mentioned for situations where hands-free operation is necessary. The paragraph concludes with malleable retractors that can be bent into the desired shape for various surgical needs.
🌀 Suction Tips for Surgical Procedures
This section covers the different types of suction tips used to remove fluids from a surgical site. It explains the Fraser suction tip, which has a stylet for cleaning, and the Yankauer suction, which comes in disposable and reusable forms with a rounded tip to protect delicate tissue. The Pool suction tip is introduced for use in larger wounds, featuring multiple holes to provide gentle suction without damaging tissue.
🧵 Needle Holders for Suturing
The final paragraph focuses on needle holders, which are essential for suturing during surgery. It describes various types, including the Crile-Wood needle holder for delicate suturing, the Mayo-Hagar needle holder for heavy-duty use, the Rider needle holder for fine and small needles, and the Webster needle holder for small and delicate needles. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate needle holder for the specific suture task at hand.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Surgical Technology
💡Electrosurgical Unit (ESU)
💡Harmonic Scalpel
💡Clamps
💡Scissors
💡Scalpel
💡Forceps
💡Retractors
💡Suction Tips
💡Needle Holders
💡Surgical Instruments
Highlights
Surgical technology students must learn hundreds of instruments used in various surgeries.
50 basic instruments are covered that are commonly used across different surgeries.
The electrosurgical unit (Bovie) provides electricity to cut or coagulate tissue, sealing blood vessels.
Harmonic scalpel uses high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to cut and coagulate tissue with minimal heat.
Mosquito clamps, available in curved and straight versions, are used for small bleeders or handling delicate sutures.
Cryo or Kelly clamps are larger than mosquito clamps and used for clamping tissue or picking up dressings.
Peen and Rochester peen clamps are larger and used for tissue retraction with a full serrated pattern.
Schnit and mixture clamps have long handles for deep tissue access, with the mixture featuring a right-angle curve.
Mayo and Metzenbaum scissors are used for cutting tissue, with the curved version offering a better line of sight during surgery.
Lister scissors have a rounded tip for delicate procedures like C-sections to avoid damaging underlying structures.
Wire cutters are designed to cut through wire, useful for emergency situations post-surgery.
Scalpel handles and blades come in various sizes and shapes, with specific handles designed for particular blade sizes.
Beaver blades and handles are used for very delicate surgeries, providing precision cutting.
Forceps come in various designs with different handles and tips for handling delicate to heavy tissue.
Towel clamps like the back house towel clamp are used to secure surgical towels around an incision site.
Retractors, such as the Army Navy retractor, are used to hold tissue apart and maintain visibility in the surgical site.
Self-retaining retractors like the Weitlaner allow the wound to stay open without the need for manual holding.
Suction tips, including Fraser and Yankauer, are used to remove fluids from the surgical site, with Yankauer offering tissue protection.
Needle holders are essential for suturing, with different types like the Crile-Wood, Mayo-Hagedorn, and Webster designed for various suture sizes.
Transcripts
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