2021 Live Review 3 | AP World History | Discussing Units 7-9

Advanced Placement

21 Apr 202139:09

EducationalLearning

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TLDRIn this engaging lecture, the instructor delves into the complexities of the 20th century, exploring its major global conflicts, decolonization movements, technological advancements, and the concept of globalization. The discussion challenges students to consider whether the 20th century represents continuity or change compared to previous centuries and encourages them to make跨-temporal and cross-regional connections in their study of world history. The lecture also addresses student feedback, emphasizing the importance of understanding historical context and the role of the Cold War in shaping global dynamics.

Takeaways

📚 The 20th century is characterized by major global conflicts, including two World Wars, the Cold War, and decolonization movements in Africa and South Asia.
🌍 The process of decolonization and the fight for independence were significant aspects of the 20th century, impacting the political landscape of Africa and South Asia.
💡 The 20th century saw the emergence of new technologies which led to globalization, affecting how goods, services, and information were exchanged around the world.
🔄 The continuity and change debate regarding the 20th century is complex, with arguments for both sides based on the evolution and transformation of global events and ideologies.
✈️ Technological advancements like airplanes, tanks, and nuclear weapons, rooted in the Industrial Revolution, changed the nature of warfare and increased casualty rates.
🏭 Industrialization also led to the concept of total war, where entire populations were mobilized for the war effort, including civilians working in factories and rationing of resources.
📢 Propaganda played a crucial role in the 20th century conflicts, used to rally civilian support and participation in the war efforts.
🌐 The Cold War had a global impact, extending beyond the United States and the Soviet Union, influencing the political and economic alliances worldwide.
🌾 The historian's interest in agriculture and the environment from 1450 to 1750 is relevant to the late 20th century due to developments such as the Green Revolution and increased globalization.
📈 The connection between different time periods and regions is essential for understanding global history, and students should be prepared to make these connections for the AP exam.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the 20th-century history discussed in the transcript?
-The main focus of the 20th-century history discussed in the transcript includes major global conflicts such as the World Wars, the Cold War, decolonization in Africa and South Asia, technological advancements, and the process of globalization.
How does the instructor, Mason Lozero, plan to approach the teaching of the 20th-century history?
-Mason Lozero plans to approach the teaching of the 20th-century history by examining whether it represents more of a continuity or a change compared to previous centuries, and by encouraging students to make connections across different time periods and regions in world history.
What are some of the key global conflicts covered in the 20th-century history section?
-Some of the key global conflicts covered include World War I, World War II, the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the decolonization movements in Africa and South Asia.
How does the instructor address the students' feedback from the previous day's lesson?
-The instructor, along with Sherry, compiles the most frequently asked questions from the feedback and provides detailed responses to address the students' concerns and clarify any misunderstandings related to the skills and content of the AP exam.
What is the significance of the industrial revolution in the context of 20th-century conflicts?
-The industrial revolution is significant in the context of 20th-century conflicts because it led to the development of new, more powerful weapons such as airplanes, tanks, and eventually atomic and nuclear weapons, which resulted in higher casualty rates and the concept of total war.
How does the instructor discuss the role of ideologies in conflicts during the 20th century?
-The instructor discusses the role of ideologies by highlighting that conflicts like World War II can be framed as a war between democracy and fascism, and the Cold War as democracy versus communism. However, it also emphasizes that underlying these conflicts often lie issues of resources, power, and control.
What is the impact of the Cold War on the decolonization movements in Africa and South Asia?
-The Cold War impacted the decolonization movements by influencing the United States and the Soviet Union to pressure countries to become military and economic allies. The policy of containment led the United States to sometimes support colonial powers to prevent the spread of communism, despite promoting democracy and freedom.
How does the instructor describe the concept of globalization in the 20th century?
-The instructor describes globalization as an idea where the world becomes more connected, with faster movement of people and goods due to new technologies, and the spread of a global culture through mass media and the internet. However, it also notes that resistance to globalization emerged, such as protests against the IMF and the World Bank, and the rise of religious fundamentalism.
What advice does the instructor give to students preparing for the AP exam?
-The instructor advises students to have a healthy fear of the AP exam, meaning they should respect its difficulty but not let it discourage them. Students should trust their study process, answer everything they can on the exam, and remember that they have worked hard throughout the year to prepare.
How does the instructor suggest students make connections across time periods and regions in world history?
-The instructor suggests students make connections by having a timeline of major events in their heads, using 'laws of world history' or generalizations that can guide their thinking, and considering how events in one time period can influence or be related to events in another.
What is the instructor's stance on the use of technology in the classroom and for student learning?
-The instructor acknowledges the importance of technology in the classroom and for student learning, as evidenced by the mention of AP daily videos and the internet's role in globalization. However, they also emphasize the importance of classroom teaching and the teacher's role in guiding students.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to 20th Century History

The speaker, Mason Lozero, welcomes viewers back to AP Live and provides an overview of the 20th century's historical events. He mentions that the focus will be on major global conflicts, decolonization in Africa and South Asia, technological advancements leading to globalization, and the continuity or change when compared to previous centuries. He also addresses the challenge of teaching the 20th century due to its recency and relevance to current studies, and encourages students to make connections across different time periods and regions in world history.

05:00

💬 Addressing Student Feedback

Mason and Sherry discuss student feedback from a previous lesson. Sherry shares that she has compiled and responded to the most frequently asked questions. She clarifies doubts about the complexity point and the skill of argumentation, directing students to additional resources for further understanding. She also addresses questions about contextualization in essays, explaining where and how it should be implemented. The speakers emphasize the importance of utilizing available resources and encourage students to continue providing feedback for the improvement of the course.

10:01

🌍 Major Global Conflicts and Movements

The discussion shifts to the major global conflicts of the 20th century, including the two World Wars and the Cold War, as well as decolonization movements in Africa and South Asia. The speaker explores the continuity of conflicts over natural resources and the emergence of conflicts over ideologies, such as democracy versus fascism and communism. The impact of the industrial revolution on the development of new weapons and the concept of total war is highlighted, along with the increased targeting of civilian populations and the rise of nationalism.

15:03

🌐 Impact of the Cold War and Globalization

The speaker delves into the global impact of the Cold War, emphasizing its effect on countries beyond the United States and the Soviet Union. The pressures on nations to align economically and militarily are discussed, as well as the Cold War's influence on decolonization movements. The concept of globalization and its manifestations in the 20th century are explored, including the ease of travel, communication, and the spread of global culture through mass media and technology. The speaker also addresses the resistance to globalization and the shift in industrial centers due to reduced transportation costs.

20:04

📱 Technological Advancements and Their Effects

The speaker discusses the significant technological advancements of the 20th century, such as airplanes, trains, boats, and the internet, and their impact on globalization. The timeline of these technologies is emphasized, with radio and movies being early 20th-century developments, television in the mid-century, and the internet in the late 20th century. The speaker encourages students to be aware of these timelines when preparing for the AP exam. The rise of global culture through shared media consumption and the role of the internet in enabling access to global content are highlighted.

25:07

🌿 Environmental History and Late 20th Century Developments

The speaker examines an environmental history source from 2003 that discusses agriculture's impact on the environment between 1450 and 1750. He encourages students to make connections between this historical period and the late 20th century, considering developments such as the Green Revolution, globalization, and increased industrialization in Asia and Latin America. The speaker suggests that the Green Revolution is a key development that directly relates to agriculture and the environment, and he advises students on how to approach questions that require connections across time periods and regions.

30:09

📝 Preparing for the AP Exam and Laws of World History

The speaker provides advice for students preparing for the AP exam, encouraging a healthy respect for the test's difficulty while maintaining confidence in their studies throughout the year. He suggests using 'laws of world history' as generalizations that can guide thinking and studying. Examples include the correlation between the industrial revolution and the development of more dangerous weapons, the tendency for increased trade over time due to technological advancements, and the relationship between stronger governments and flourishing trade. The speaker invites students to share their own 'laws of world history' through a Google form for further discussion.

35:10

🎓 Key Takeaways and Final Thoughts

The speaker summarizes the main points of the lesson, reminding students to consider the role of the industrial revolution and the Enlightenment in shaping the 20th century. He reiterates the question of whether the 20th century represents continuity or change compared to previous centuries. He encourages students to keep these questions in mind and to continue developing their understanding of connections in world history. The speaker concludes by encouraging students to participate in the Google form for further engagement and ends the session with a positive note.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡20th Century

The 20th Century refers to the historical period from 1901 to 2000. In the context of the video, it is a time marked by significant global events and changes, including two World Wars, the Cold War, decolonization in Africa and South Asia, technological advancements, and the emergence of globalization. These events and changes are central to understanding the continuity and change when compared to previous centuries.

💡Global Conflicts

Global conflicts refer to large-scale wars or struggles between nations that have worldwide impact. In the video, the term is used to describe events like the two World Wars and the Cold War, which involved multiple countries and had lasting effects on international relations and political structures.

💡Decolonization

Decolonization is the process by which colonized countries gain independence from their colonial rulers. In the video, decolonization in Africa and South Asia is highlighted as a significant aspect of the 20th century, reflecting the shift in power dynamics and the assertion of national sovereignty by previously colonized nations.

💡Technological Innovations

Technological innovations refer to the development of new technologies or significant improvements to existing ones. In the video, these innovations are central to the discussion of how they led to globalization in the 20th century, changing the way people communicate, travel, and conduct business across the globe.

💡Globalization

Globalization is the process by which businesses, ideas, and cultures increasingly move across national borders, leading to a more interconnected and interdependent world. In the video, globalization is a key theme, with the instructor exploring its impact on trade, culture, and the movement of people, as well as the technological advancements that have enabled it.

💡Continuity and Change

Continuity and change refer to the concepts of persistence and transformation over time. In the video, the instructor examines whether the 20th century represents a continuation of past trends or a significant shift in world history, considering the major events and developments of the century.

💡World Wars

The World Wars refer to two major global conflicts that occurred in the 20th century: World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945). These wars involved multiple countries and resulted in significant loss of life and societal changes. In the video, the World Wars are discussed as part of the major global conflicts of the 20th century.

💡Cold War

The Cold War was a period of political and military tension between the United States and its allies, and the Soviet Union and its allies, from the end of World War II until the early 1990s. It was characterized by proxy wars, an arms race, and ideological conflict, but did not result in direct warfare between the two superpowers. In the video, the Cold War is considered as a major global conflict of the 20th century.

💡Enlightenment Ideals

Enlightenment ideals refer to the values and principles advocated during the Age of Enlightenment, such as reason, individual rights, and representative government. These ideals influenced various historical events, including the American and French Revolutions. In the video, the instructor examines how these ideals continued to influence conflicts and movements for independence in the 20th century.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization that began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. It marked a significant shift from agrarian societies to industrial ones, characterized by the introduction of new technologies, factory production, and changes in social and economic structures. In the video, the Industrial Revolution is discussed as a precursor to the technological advancements and changes in warfare of the 20th century.

💡Total War

Total war is a concept where a nation's entire population and all of its resources are mobilized and committed to the war effort. It is characterized by the blurring of distinctions between combatants and non-combatants, and the targeting of civilian populations and infrastructure. In the video, total war is described as a new aspect of 20th-century conflicts, where the entire society is involved in the war, leading to higher casualties and broader destruction.

Highlights

The 20th century is a period of major global conflicts, including two World Wars, the Cold War, and decolonization movements in Africa and South Asia.

Technological advancements in the 20th century led to globalization, changing the way goods and ideas are shared across the world.

The industrial revolution played a significant role in the development of more dangerous weapons, leading to higher casualty rates in conflicts.

Enlightenment ideals continued to influence conflicts in the 20th century, particularly in the independence movements in Africa and South Asia.

The Cold War impacted nearly every country in the world, influencing economic and military alliances and affecting decolonization movements.

Nationalism became a significant driving force in conflicts during the 20th century, contributing to mass atrocities like the Holocaust.

Globalization is not a complete break from past centuries; it has roots in early trade and the spread of ideas throughout history.

New technologies in the 20th century, such as the internet, have greatly increased the speed and reach of communication and cultural exchange.

The 20th century saw a shift in manufacturing and industry to Asia and Latin America due to decreased transportation costs and globalization.

The AP Live course aims to help students prepare for the AP exam by covering a wide range of content and teaching skills in a limited time frame.

Students are encouraged to provide feedback and ask questions to help tailor the course to their needs and address their concerns.

The instructor emphasizes the importance of making connections across time periods and regions in world history for the AP exam.

The concept of 'laws of world history' is introduced as generalizations that can guide thinking and studying for the AP exam.

Students are advised to have a healthy fear of the AP exam, trusting their preparation and process to overcome challenges during the test.

The instructor shares insights on how to approach essay questions on the AP exam, focusing on earning points on the rubric and utilizing a timeline of events.

The lecture concludes with a call for students to reflect on their own 'laws of world history' and share them for further discussion and learning.

Transcripts

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Related Tags

20th Century Global Conflicts Decolonization Technological Advancements Cold War World Wars Industrial Revolution Globalization Historical Analysis AP World History