"Developmental Milestones" by Dr. Holly Hodges and Dr. Bianca Shagrin

OPENPediatrics
21 Apr 202112:07
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video outlines key milestones in a child's development from birth to age 5 across domains like language, motor, cognitive, and social-emotional. It explains why monitoring development is critical for early intervention and notes red flags. Key stages include social smiling at 2 months, sitting at 6 months, first words at 12 months, two-word phrases by 24 months, pretend play by 3 years, dressing oneself by 4 years, and counting to 10 by 5 years. The video stresses that each child progresses at their own pace but delayed milestones may indicate a need for further evaluation.

Takeaways
  • 😀 Child development is central to pediatrics and begins at conception, continuing into adulthood
  • 😮 Developmental surveillance (observations by pediatrician) should happen at every visit, while developmental screening (standardized tests) occurs at 9, 18 and 24 months
  • 🧠 Meeting milestones allows a child to gain skills to move to the next stage of development across domains like language, social, motor and cognitive
  • 👶 Newborns respond to sound/sight, suck/feed, sleep most of the time. By 2 months they lift heads, smile, track motion
  • 🚶‍♂️ Motor skills develop rapidly - sitting at 6 months, pulling up/cruising at 9 months, first steps around 12 months
  • 🗣 Language emerges slowly - first words at 12 months, 2-word phrases by 24 months, full sentences by age 5
  • 🧩 Cognitive skills also develop progressively - object permanence at 9 months, pretend play by 3 years, complex questions by 5 years
  • 🤝 Social skills develop continuously - laughs at 4 months, plays in parallel at 2 years, cooperative play by 3 years
  • ⚠️ Red flags can indicate developmental delays to address early, like no pointing or words by 18 months
  • 😊 Monitoring milestones at pediatric visits allows early recognition of delays to initiate needed therapies
Q & A

  • What are the two key ways physicians monitor child development?

    -The two key ways are developmental surveillance, which involves observation at well-child visits, and developmental screening, which uses standardized tools to assess development.

  • Why is early recognition of developmental delays important?

    -Early recognition allows for early initiation of therapies and services which can help address and treat developmental delays.

  • What are some examples of developmental milestones in the first year of life?

    -Key milestones in the first year include lifting head while prone at 2 months, sitting with support at 6 months, pincer grasp and first words at 9 months, first steps at 12 months.

  • What are some red flags in development at 18 months of age?

    -Red flags at 18 months include not pointing to show interest, not imitating actions, not gaining new words, and not noticing when a caregiver leaves or returns.

  • Why is pretend play important in child development?

    -Pretend play allows children to explore and understand the world around them. It also allows them to interact with other children.

  • What fine motor skills should a 4-year-old have?

    -A 4-year-old should be able to manipulate buttons, draw a square, and have clear speech.

  • What are some key cognitive milestones at age 5?

    -Key cognitive milestones at age 5 include knowing left from right, answering complex questions, following 3-step commands, knowing personal information like address and phone number.

  • How can knowledge of developmental milestones help pediatricians?

    -Knowledge of milestones helps pediatricians support child development, recognize potential delays early, and initiate therapies and services if needed.

  • What is the purpose of developmental screening tools?

    -Developmental screening tools provide standardized, objective measurement of a child's development that can identify any needs eligible for early intervention services.

  • Why should developmental surveillance occur at every well-child visit?

    -Frequent developmental surveillance allows observation of the ongoing nuanced process of development and recognition of any concerning deviations from normal milestones.

Outlines
00:00
🧒 Introducing Developmental Milestones

This introductory paragraph explains the importance of monitoring child development through developmental surveillance and screening. It also previews the major milestones from birth to 5 years that will be covered.

05:03
🤱 Newborn to 6 Month Milestones

This paragraph describes key milestones in the first 6 months of life including lifting head, social smile, grabbing toys, sitting, and babbling. It emphasizes the importance of meeting needs and building attachment.

10:08
🧒 9 Month to 2 Year Milestones

This paragraph covers milestones from 9 months to 2 years including first steps, pointing, vocabulary expansion, following commands, self-feeding, and parallel play. Red flags warranting further evaluation are noted.

🧒 3 to 5 Year Milestones

The final paragraph focuses on preschool aged milestones in areas like language, drawing, hopping, social skills, independence, numbers and letters. Concerning behaviors are identified as red flags.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡developmental milestones
Developmental milestones refer to the physical, cognitive, and emotional skills that children acquire as they grow. Monitoring milestones allows for the early recognition of potential developmental delays. The video explains major milestones across 5 domains (language, social, emotional, motor, cognitive) from birth to 5 years old. For example, at 2 months a child socially smiles, and at 3 years a child uses 3-word phrases.
💡developmental surveillance
Developmental surveillance refers to the ongoing skilled observations made by a pediatrician during well-child visits to monitor a child's development over time, identify any concerns, and understand the child in context. It informs developmental screening and is done at every visit.
💡developmental screening
In contrast to surveillance, developmental screening uses standardized tools given to parents to systematically check a child's development at 9, 18, and 24 months. It quantifies development to catch delays.
💡early intervention
Early recognition of developmental delays through surveillance and screening allows for early intervention with therapies to foster growth and address issues. This is instrumental for child outcomes.
💡primitive reflexes
Primitive infant reflexes are automatic movements that should integrate by 6 months old. Persistence past this age signals an issue and need for further evaluation.
💡pincer grasp
The pincer grasp refers to the fine motor ability to pick up small objects with thumb and index finger. It develops over time, starting at 9 months with an immature grasp and becoming more refined with precision.
💡joint attention
Joint attention is the ability to coordinate attention with a social partner through gestures, gaze, and sounds. It emerges around 12 months as an early social communication skill when a child points to an object of interest.
💡tantrums
Toddler tantrums are a normal expression of young children asserting independence, communication, and emotion regulation abilities. They peak around 18 months.
💡toilet training
Toilet training is the process of learning bladder and bowel control. It involves physical and cognitive readiness, usually starting after 18 months old. Daytime control often occurs by 3 years old.
💡red flags
Red flags are clinical signs during routine developmental surveillance that indicate a need for further evaluation and potential developmental delay. Multiple examples are provided in the video for each age range.
Highlights

Child development is central to the practice of pediatrics and begins at conception, continuing into adulthood.

Maternal health can profoundly impact fetal and child development.

Developmental surveillance and screening are essential components of pediatric visits.

Achieving milestones allows a child to eventually move onto the next stage of development.

Milestones fall into categories of language, social, emotional, motor, and cognitive development.

Persistent primitive reflexes beyond 6 months is a red flag and warrants evaluation.

Minimal response to name by 12 months is a red flag.

No words and no pointing by 15 months are red flags.

Play becomes more imaginative around 3 years old as children explore the world.

A 4 year old should be able to follow 3-part commands and speak in short sentences.

A 5 year old can tie shoes, draw basic shapes, and knows left from right.

Red flags in a 5 year old include difficulty with attention and extreme behaviors.

Child development is an ongoing, nuanced process central to pediatrics.

Milestones are important to understand why skills develop when they do.

Early recognition and treatment of developmental delays is instrumental.

Transcripts

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