Pharmacology Analgesics - Opioids, NSAIDS, Tylenol - Nursing RN PN (MADE EASY)

Simple Nursing

28 Apr 202005:21

EducationalLearning

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TLDRIn this informative video, Nurse Mike discusses analgesics, differentiating between nonopioids and opioids. Nonopioids like NIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are highlighted for their anti-fever and anti-inflammatory effects without sedation, unlike opioids which cause a slowing of vital signs. The video covers common NIDS, such as naproxen, aspirin, and ibuprofen, and their uses, including the management of conditions like gout and arthritis. It also addresses the mechanism of action of NSAIDs and their potential risks, emphasizing the importance of cautious use, especially for patients with a history of asthma or blood clots.

Takeaways

🌟 Nonopioid and opioid pain medications have distinct properties; nonopioids are non-sedating, while opioids are sedating and slow vital signs.
💊 Nonopioids include NIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like naproxen (brand name: Aleve), which have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects without CNS depression.
🧠 Opioids are potent medications that cause sedation and significant CNS presence, leading to lowered heart rate, respiratory rate, and potentially brain function.
🔑 The acronym 'NC' is used to remember common NIDS: N for naproxen, C for salicylic acid (aspirin), and A for ibuprofen and acetaminophen.
🌡️ Naproxen is the first-line NID for mild to moderate pain, and it's also used as an antipyretic for fever reduction and anti-inflammatory treatment.
💡 NSAIDs work by decreasing prostaglandins, which contribute to inflammation, and platelet aggregation, particularly with aspirin which has antiplatelet effects.
⚠️ NSAIDs have several adverse effects: increased risk of GI bleeds, bronchospams in asthmatics, hypertension, heart failure, kidney damage, and blood clots.
🚫 It's crucial to avoid simultaneous use of two NIDS and to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration to minimize risks.
🩸 Aspirin is unique as it thins the blood and is used for cardiac patients, but its detailed use is covered separately.
🌀 Asthma and nasal polyps are conditions where acetaminophen (Tylenol) is preferred over NSAIDs due to the risk of bronchoconstriction.

Q & A

What are the two main types of analgesic medications mentioned in the script?
-The two main types of analgesic medications mentioned are nonopioids and opioids.
What is the primary difference between nonopioids and opioids?
-The primary difference is that nonopioids are non-sedating, while opioids are sedating, causing vital signs to be low and slow.
What is the brand name for acetaminophen?
-The brand name for acetaminophen is Tylenol.
What effects do both nonopioids and opioids have in common?
-Both nonopioids and opioids have antipyretic effects, which means they can reduce fever.
Which medication from the nonopioids is mentioned to have anti-inflammatory effects?
-Ibuprofen is mentioned to have anti-inflammatory effects among the nonopioids.
What does the acronym 'NC' stand for in the context of the script?
-In the context of the script, 'NC' stands for naproxen and Nsaids, which are used to remember the names of nonopioid analgesics.
What is the only nonopioid medication that can be given through an IV?
-Ketorolac, brand name Torol, is the only nonopioid medication that can be given through an IV.
What is the mechanism of action for NSAIDs?
-The mechanism of action for NSAIDs involves decreasing prostaglandins, which are responsible for inflammation and pain, and platelet aggregation, especially with aspirin.
What are the potential risks associated with NSAIDs?
-Potential risks associated with NSAIDs include gastrointestinal bleeds, bronchospasms, hypertension, worsening heart failure, increased creatinine levels, and blood clots.
Why are NSAIDs not recommended for patients with a history of clots?
-NSAIDs increase the risk of thrombosis, which can lead to clots. Therefore, they are not recommended for patients with a history of clots, such as MI, stroke, DVTs, or PEs.
What is the recommendation for using NSAIDs in patients with asthma or nasal polyps?
-For patients with asthma or nasal polyps, it is recommended to use acetaminophen instead of NSAIDs, as NSAIDs can lead to bronchospasms and worsen asthma symptoms.

Outlines

00:00

💊 Introduction to Pain Medications

This paragraph introduces the topic of pain medications, distinguishing between nonopioids and opioids. Nonopioids, such as NIDS (Non-Opioid Direct Analgesics), are highlighted for their non-sedating nature and their antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, with acetaminophen (Tylenol) as a notable example. Opioids are contrasted by their sedating effects, which lead to a slowing of vital signs. The paragraph emphasizes the lack of anti-inflammatory or antipyretic properties in opioids, summarizing their effects as 'low and slow' for heart, lungs, and brain. It also introduces the concept of NIDS with an acronym (NC) to remember the names and uses of different types of NIDS, including naproxen, salicylic acid (aspirin), and ibuprofen. The mechanism of action of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) is explained, along with their side effects, such as increased risk for GI bleeds, bronchospasms, hypertension, and kidney issues. The paragraph concludes with a focus on the importance of using the lowest dose of NIDS for the shortest time possible to minimize risks, and a special mention of aspirin's dual role in pain management and blood thinning. Additionally, it addresses the contraindications for patients with clot history, asthma, and nasal polyps, emphasizing the need for careful consideration when prescribing these medications.

05:01

🎥 Video and App Promotion

In this paragraph, the speaker, Nurse Mike, encourages viewers to check out their new app based on Enlex products and to join for free by clicking the link provided in the video description. The paragraph also promotes the YouTube channel, inviting viewers to subscribe for more content. The speaker expresses gratitude to the team of experts involved in creating the educational videos, ensuring viewers that they will return with more information in future episodes. The paragraph concludes with a musical cue, indicating the end of the lecture segment.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Analgesics

Analgesics are pain-relieving medications, which are categorized into two main types in the video: nonopioids and opioids. They are essential in nursing practice for managing pain, and understanding their differences is crucial for appropriate patient care. In the video, nonopioids like NIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and opioids are contrasted by their effects on the body, with nonopioids not being sedating and opioids causing sedation and slowing down vital signs.

💡Nonopioids

Nonopioids are a class of analgesics that are non-sedating and do not cause the slowing of vital signs. They are used for pain relief without the side effect of sedation, which can be beneficial for patients who need to remain alert. In the context of the video, nonopioids such as NIDS have antipyretic (fever-reducing) and anti-inflammatory effects, which are not present in opioids.

💡Opioids

Opioids are a class of analgesics that are sedating and cause a slowing of vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and brain activity. They are potent pain relievers but come with significant risks and side effects. The video emphasizes the importance of remembering that opioids lead to a 'low and slow' presentation in vital signs and lack anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.

💡NIDS (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)

NIDS are a subset of nonopioid analgesics that have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects, making them useful for conditions like arthritis or gout. They are non-sedating and do not cause the slowing of vital signs. The acronym NIDS helps remember the names of these drugs: naproxen, ibuprofen, and aspirin. These medications are essential in nursing for managing mild to moderate pain and inflammation.

💡Antipyretic

Antipyretic refers to the ability of a medication to reduce fever. In the context of the video, certain nonopioid analgesics, such as NIDS, possess this property, making them effective not only for pain relief but also for managing fever. This dual action is an important consideration in patient care, as it allows for the simultaneous treatment of pain and fever without sedative effects.

💡Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory effects refer to the ability of a medication to reduce inflammation in the body. In the video, NIDS are noted for their anti-inflammatory properties, which are particularly beneficial for conditions like arthritis and gout. This effect helps to alleviate not only pain but also the swelling and redness associated with inflammation.

💡NSAIDs

NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of medications that reduce inflammation and pain. They work by decreasing the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that contribute to inflammation. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanism of action of NSAIDs and their potential side effects, such as increased risk of bleeding and gastrointestinal issues.

💡Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances in the body that play a role in inflammation and pain. NSAIDs work by decreasing the production of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. The video likens prostaglandins to a 'big party popper,' highlighting their role in puffing up the body and contributing to inflammation.

💡Platelet Aggregation

Platelet aggregation is the process by which blood platelets clump together, which can lead to blood clots. Certain medications, like aspirin, work by inhibiting platelet aggregation, thus reducing the risk of clot formation. This is important in the prevention of cardiovascular events but can also increase the risk of bleeding as a side effect.

💡Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing. Certain medications, like NSAIDs, can exacerbate asthma by causing bronchoconstriction. The video emphasizes that NSAIDs are not safe for asthma patients and that alternatives, such as acetaminophen, should be considered for pain relief in these individuals.

💡Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen is a nonopioid analgesic that is used for pain relief and fever reduction. Unlike NSAIDs, it does not have anti-inflammatory properties and does not affect platelet aggregation. It is a suitable alternative for patients who cannot take NSAIDs due to conditions like asthma or peptic ulcers.

💡Thrombosis

Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, which can obstruct blood flow and lead to serious health complications. Certain medications, particularly those that affect platelet aggregation or凝血因子 (coagulation factors), can increase the risk of thrombosis. The video warns of the increased risk of clots with NSAIDs and the importance of considering a patient's clot history when prescribing these medications.

Highlights

Introduction to nonopioid and opioid pain medications

Nonopioids are non-sedating, while opioids are sedating and cause vital signs to be low and slow

Nids (non-opioids) have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects, unlike opioids

The brand name for acetam is Tylenol

Naprosin (N) is the first-choice NID for pain management

Aspirin (A) is a salicylic acid compound and an antiplatelet agent

Ibuprofen (I) is used for conditions like gout and arthritis

Korac (A) is the only NID that can be administered intravenously

NSAIDs decrease prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators

Aspirin decreases platelet aggregation, increasing the risk of bleeding

NSAIDs have negative effects on the entire body, including GI bleeds and hypertension

Aspirin is a unique medication used to thin the blood for cardiac patients

NSAIDs increase the risk of thrombosis and are not safe for patients with clot history

Asthma patients should avoid NSAIDs due to the risk of bronospasm

Acetaminophen is recommended for patients with asthma or nasal polyps

The use of the acronym NC to remember the names of NIDs

The importance of using the lowest dose of NIDs for the shortest time possible

Transcripts

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Takeaways

Q & A

What are the two main types of analgesic medications mentioned in the script?

What is the primary difference between nonopioids and opioids?

What is the brand name for acetaminophen?

What effects do both nonopioids and opioids have in common?

Which medication from the nonopioids is mentioned to have anti-inflammatory effects?

What does the acronym 'NC' stand for in the context of the script?

What is the only nonopioid medication that can be given through an IV?

What is the mechanism of action for NSAIDs?

What are the potential risks associated with NSAIDs?

Why are NSAIDs not recommended for patients with a history of clots?

What is the recommendation for using NSAIDs in patients with asthma or nasal polyps?