What Ibuprofen Does to the Body

Institute of Human Anatomy

5 Nov 202116:34

EducationalLearning

32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis educational video explores the effects of Ibuprofen, a common NSAID, on the human body. It explains how Ibuprofen works as a pain reliever, fever reducer, and anti-inflammatory by inhibiting enzymes that produce prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation and pain. The video also discusses potential side effects, including stomach irritation and kidney issues, emphasizing the importance of proper dosage and consideration of individual health conditions. It concludes with a 'start low and go slow' approach to medication and introduces Brilliant, an online learning platform for STEM subjects.

Takeaways

💊 Ibuprofen is a common medication used for pain relief, inflammation, fever reduction, and menstrual cramps.
🛡️ Ibuprofen is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which is different from steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
🔍 The video explores the potential side effects of Ibuprofen on organs like the liver, stomach, and kidneys.
🚀 Ibuprofen works by inhibiting the enzymes Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (Cox1 and Cox2), which are involved in the production of Prostaglandins.
🌡️ Prostaglandins play a role in inflammation, pain, fever, and other physiological processes.
💊 The absorption of Ibuprofen begins in the stomach and is primarily completed in the small intestine, taking about 30 to 60 minutes.
🚫 Long-term or high-dose use of Ibuprofen may increase the risk of stomach irritation due to reduced mucus production.
🛑 Ibuprofen's effect on the kidneys involves the inhibition of prostaglandins, which can lead to vasoconstriction and potentially exacerbate kidney disease.
🏥 The liver metabolizes Ibuprofen into an inactive form, which is generally safe, but caution is advised in cases of liver issues.
📉 The 'start low and go slow' approach is recommended for dosing medications like Ibuprofen to minimize side effects and find the optimal therapeutic dose.
🧠 The video is sponsored by Brilliant, an interactive learning platform for STEM subjects, promoting scientific thinking and problem-solving skills.

Q & A

What is Ibuprofen and what is its common classification?
-Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, commonly known by brand names like Advil or Motrin, and is classified as an NSAID.
What are the common uses of Ibuprofen?
-Ibuprofen is commonly used as an analgesic for pain relief, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory.
How does Ibuprofen work in the human body?
-Ibuprofen works by inhibiting the enzymes Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (Cox1 and Cox2), which are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins, substances that play a role in inflammation, pain, fever, and other physiological processes.
What are prostaglandins and why are they significant in the context of Ibuprofen?
-Prostaglandins are substances involved in various physiological processes including inflammation, pain, fever response, and uterine contractions. Ibuprofen reduces the production of prostaglandins, which helps alleviate the symptoms associated with these processes.
How is Ibuprofen absorbed into the body after ingestion?
-After ingestion, Ibuprofen starts to dissolve in the stomach and is absorbed mainly in the small intestine, where it enters the bloodstream and is distributed throughout the body.
What are some potential side effects of Ibuprofen on the stomach?
-Ibuprofen can potentially cause stomach irritation by reducing the production of mucus in the stomach lining, which is normally protected by prostaglandins. This can make the stomach more susceptible to irritation from stomach acid.
How does Ibuprofen affect the liver and is it generally safe?
-Ibuprofen is metabolized by the liver, which converts it into an inactivated form or metabolite. For the most part, Ibuprofen is relatively safe for the liver, although rare cases of liver harm have been reported.
What is the role of the kidneys in the metabolism of Ibuprofen?
-The kidneys filter out the metabolites of Ibuprofen, which have been converted in the liver, and excrete them in the urine.
What potential side effect of Ibuprofen is related to its effect on prostaglandins in the kidneys?
-Ibuprofen can suppress the synthesis of prostaglandins, which normally help vasodilate blood vessels in the renal cortex. This suppression can lead to vasoconstriction, potentially exacerbating kidney disease in susceptible individuals.
What advice does the script suggest for the use of medications like Ibuprofen?
-The script suggests the approach of 'start low and go slow', meaning to start at the lowest therapeutic dose and gradually increase until the desired therapeutic response is achieved.
What is Brilliant and how does it relate to the content of the video?
-Brilliant is an interactive online learning platform for STEM subjects, including scientific thinking and problem-solving, which are key elements in understanding the physiological effects of medications like Ibuprofen discussed in the video.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Introduction to Ibuprofen and Its Uses

This video, sponsored by Brilliant, explores what Ibuprofen does to the human body. Ibuprofen, a common medication for pain, inflammation, fever, and menstrual cramps, can potentially cause side effects on organs such as the liver and stomach. The video aims to explain how this medication works, its uses, and its impact on the body.

05:02

💊 How Ibuprofen is Absorbed

Ibuprofen, known by brand names like Advil and Motrin, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is commonly used as a pain reliever, fever reducer, and anti-inflammatory. The video explains how Ibuprofen is ingested, travels through the digestive system, and is absorbed mainly in the small intestine before being distributed throughout the body.

10:05

⚙️ Mechanism of Action: Inhibiting Cox Enzymes

Ibuprofen works by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (Cox1 and Cox2) enzymes, which are involved in producing prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play roles in inflammation, pain, fever, uterine contractions, and regulating stomach mucus and acid. By reducing prostaglandins, Ibuprofen helps alleviate symptoms but can also cause side effects.

15:08

⚠️ Potential Side Effects of Ibuprofen

The video discusses the potential side effects of Ibuprofen on the liver, stomach, and kidneys. While the liver generally metabolizes Ibuprofen safely, the stomach can suffer from reduced mucus production, leading to irritation. In the kidneys, prolonged use can cause vasoconstriction, exacerbating kidney issues in some patients.

🧪 Kidney Function and Ibuprofen

The kidneys filter metabolites of Ibuprofen, and the video explains the process of how these metabolites are excreted in urine. Although the process itself doesn't usually cause harm, chronic use of Ibuprofen can lead to kidney problems, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions.

🩺 Summary of Therapeutic Effects and Side Effects

The video concludes by summarizing the therapeutic benefits of Ibuprofen and its potential side effects. It emphasizes the importance of evaluating the pros and cons of using the medication and tailoring the dosage to individual needs to minimize risks.

🧩 Brilliant: Learning Platform for STEM

The sponsor of the video, Brilliant, is introduced as an interactive online learning platform for STEM subjects. The platform offers courses on scientific thinking, problem-solving, and real-world application, making learning engaging and effective. The video encourages viewers to explore Brilliant for educational enrichment.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief, reducing inflammation, and lowering fever. It is the central medication discussed in the video, illustrating its absorption, distribution, mechanism of action, and potential side effects within the human body. The script mentions it under various brand names like Advil or Motrin and compares it with other NSAIDs.

💡Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

NSAIDs are a class of drugs that reduce inflammation and pain without using steroids. Ibuprofen is an example of an NSAID, and the video focuses on this category of drugs to explain how they work in the body, particularly in reducing inflammation and pain relief.

💡Cyclooxygenase (Cox)

Cyclooxygenase, referred to as Cox in the script, is an enzyme that Ibuprofen inhibits. There are two main types, Cox1 and Cox2, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins. The script explains that by inhibiting these enzymes, Ibuprofen reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins, leading to its therapeutic effects.

💡Prostaglandins

Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that play a role in various physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, fever, and uterine contractions. The script discusses how Ibuprofen reduces prostaglandins, which in turn helps to alleviate pain, inflammation, and fever.

💡Analgesic

An analgesic is a substance that relieves pain. The script describes Ibuprofen as commonly used as an analgesic, which is one of the reasons it is taken for conditions like headaches, menstrual cramps, and other forms of pain.

💡Antipyretic

An antipyretic is a substance that reduces fever. The script mentions Ibuprofen's use as an antipyretic, indicating its ability to help lower body temperature in cases of fever.

💡Digestive system

The digestive system is involved in the process of breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. The script describes the journey of an Ibuprofen tablet through the digestive system, from the mouth to the stomach and small intestine, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream.

💡Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates body temperature and other autonomic functions. The script explains that prostaglandins interact with the hypothalamus, and by inhibiting prostaglandins, Ibuprofen can influence the fever response.

💡Kidneys

The kidneys are organs that filter waste products from the blood and produce urine. The script discusses the role of kidneys in metabolizing and excreting the byproducts of Ibuprofen and also touches on the potential side effects Ibuprofen might have on kidney function.

💡Stomach

The stomach is an organ that plays a crucial role in digestion. The script mentions that Ibuprofen can potentially harm the stomach lining by reducing the production of mucus and prostaglandins, which protect the stomach from its own acid.

💡Liver

The liver is an organ responsible for metabolizing drugs and other substances. The script explains that Ibuprofen is metabolized in the liver into an inactive form, which is then excreted by the kidneys. It also addresses the concern of liver damage from Ibuprofen use.

💡Side effects

Side effects are unintended consequences of using a medication. The script discusses the potential side effects of Ibuprofen, such as stomach irritation and kidney issues, emphasizing the importance of considering these when using the medication.

Highlights

This video is sponsored by Brilliant.

Ibuprofen is a common medication used for pain, inflammation, fever, and menstrual cramps.

Ibuprofen, also known as Advil or Motrin, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

NSAIDs like Ibuprofen work differently from steroidal anti-inflammatories such as prednisone or dexamethasone.

Ibuprofen is an analgesic (pain reliever), antipyretic (fever reducer), and anti-inflammatory.

Ibuprofen is absorbed into the body through the digestive system, starting from the stomach and small intestine.

Ibuprofen inhibits the enzymes Cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox1) and Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2), reducing the production of prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins play a role in inflammation, pain, fever, uterine contractions, and stomach lining protection.

Ibuprofen reduces prostaglandins, thereby lowering inflammation, pain, fever, and menstrual cramps.

Potential side effects of Ibuprofen include stomach irritation and kidney issues, particularly with long-term use.

Ibuprofen is relatively safe for the liver, but high or prolonged doses may cause harm.

Ibuprofen can thin the stomach's mucosal lining, increasing the risk of irritation or ulcers.

People with chronic conditions or kidney disease should consult a doctor before using Ibuprofen frequently.

The phrase 'start low and go slow' advises starting with the lowest effective dose of Ibuprofen and increasing gradually if needed.

Brilliant is an interactive online learning platform for STEM subjects, offering courses on scientific thinking and problem-solving.

Transcripts

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