ALEKS: Predicting the products of a single displacement reaction involving hydrogen

Roxi Hulet
16 Jul 202307:30
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video tutorial guides viewers on solving single displacement reactions involving hydrogen, focusing on reactions with metals from columns 1A or 2A. It emphasizes the importance of understanding atomic and molecular structures, predicting charges based on the periodic table, and balancing equations to accurately determine reaction products.

Takeaways
  • 📚 For solving single displacement reactions involving hydrogen, access to a periodic table and a table of common polyatomic ions is essential.
  • 🌐 The metal atom in the reaction must be from either column 1A or 2A of the periodic table; otherwise, the reaction will not proceed.
  • 🚫 If the metal is not from the specified columns, the reaction is invalid, and you should check the 'no reaction' box.
  • 🔍 The first atom in the molecular formula reacting with the metal must be hydrogen.
  • 🧪 In reactions involving water, think of it as H-O-H rather than H2O to simplify predicting the products.
  • 🔄 In single displacement reactions, the atomic reactant (e.g., magnesium) swaps with the cation or the first atom of the molecular formula.
  • 💡 The metal atom changes from an atomic state to a cation, and the hydrogen changes from a cation to its elemental state (H2 gas).
  • 🌟 The product always includes H2 gas, formed by the hydrogen atom changing from a cation to its elemental state.
  • 🔢 Use the periodic table to predict the charge on the metal ion, with 1A metals forming +1 cations and 2A metals forming +2 cations.
  • 🧩 For polyatomic ions, consult a table to determine their charge, as their charge cannot be predicted directly from the periodic table.
  • ⚖️ Balance the equation by ensuring the hydrogen is balanced, as there will always be excess hydrogen on the right side of the equation.
Q & A

  • What is the main topic of the video?

    -The video is about solving a specific type of single displacement reaction involving hydrogen and predicting the products of such reactions.

  • What tools are recommended to have access to when solving this type of problem?

    -A periodic table and a table of common polyatomic ions are recommended for solving these problems.

  • What is the general format of the equations in the Alex problem discussed in the video?

    -The general format involves a metal atom from columns 1A or 2A reacting with a molecule where the first atom in the formula is hydrogen.

  • Why is it important to check the metal atom's position on the periodic table?

    -The metal atom must be from columns 1A or 2A for the reaction to work; if it's from elsewhere, the reaction will not proceed.

  • How should water be considered in the context of this problem?

    -Water should be considered as HOH rather than H2O to simplify the prediction of the products in a single displacement reaction.

  • What happens to the hydrogen atom during a single displacement reaction as described in the video?

    -The hydrogen atom, which is initially a cation in the molecule, gets displaced and turns into its elemental state, forming H2 gas.

  • How does the state of magnesium change during the reaction?

    -Magnesium changes from an atomic state to a cationic state, specifically becoming Mg2+.

  • What is the role of the periodic table in predicting the charge on the ion?

    -The periodic table helps in predicting the charge of the ion based on the metal's location, with 1A forming +1 cations and 2A forming +2 cations.

  • Why is it necessary to balance the equation in these reactions?

    -Balancing the equation ensures that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, reflecting a chemically feasible reaction.

  • How can a table of polyatomic ions assist in solving these problems?

    -A table of polyatomic ions helps in predicting the charge of anions that are not single elements and cannot be directly inferred from the periodic table.

  • What is the significance of the elemental state or atomic state for hydrogen in the reaction?

    -The significance is that when hydrogen is displaced, it forms H2, which is its elemental or atomic state, and this is a gas that is one of the products of the reaction.

Outlines
00:00
🔬 Understanding Single Displacement Reactions with Hydrogen

This paragraph introduces the concept of predicting the products of a single displacement reaction involving hydrogen. The video script emphasizes the necessity of having access to a periodic table and a table of common polyatomic ions. It specifies that the metal atom in the reaction must be from columns 1A or 2A of the periodic table for the reaction to occur. The script provides a step-by-step guide for predicting the products, starting with identifying the metal atom and then considering the molecule it reacts with, which should have hydrogen as the first atom. The process involves the metal atom turning into a cation and the hydrogen atom reverting to its elemental state, forming H2 gas. The summary also explains the importance of correctly predicting the charge of the resulting ions based on the periodic table, using magnesium and chloride as an example to illustrate the formation of MgCl2.

05:01
📚 Balancing Equations in Single Displacement Reactions

The second paragraph delves into the process of balancing equations for single displacement reactions, particularly when the reactants include water or polyatomic ions. It highlights the significance of considering water as HOH rather than H2O for easier prediction of products. The paragraph explains that in such reactions, the metal atom (e.g., magnesium) becomes a cation with a charge determined by its position on the periodic table, while the hydrogen atom is displaced to form H2 gas. When dealing with polyatomic ions, a separate table is needed to determine their charge, as illustrated with the hydroxide ion (OH-). The summary stresses the importance of balancing the equation to ensure a neutral overall charge, using magnesium's reaction with water as an example to show how to balance the hydrogen atoms and the charges of the ions involved.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Single Displacement Reaction
A single displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction where an element in its pure form displaces another element within a compound, resulting in a new element and a new compound. In the video, this concept is central to understanding how hydrogen reacts with a metal atom, leading to the formation of new products. The script uses the example of a metal atom from columns 1A or 2A displacing hydrogen in a molecule.
💡Periodic Table
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. In the context of the video, the periodic table is essential for identifying the type of metal involved in the reaction and predicting the charge of the resulting cation, such as determining whether a metal from column 1A will form a +1 cation or a metal from 2A will form a +2 cation.
💡Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that form ions together and have a specific, overall charge. The video mentions the importance of knowing common polyatomic ions for predicting the charge of an anion in a reaction, which is crucial for writing the correct chemical equation and understanding the reaction's outcome.
💡Metal Atom
A metal atom, as discussed in the video, is an element from the periodic table that can participate in a single displacement reaction. The script specifies that for the reactions in question, the metal atom must come from either column 1A or 2A, which dictates the type of cation it will form upon reacting.
💡Cation
A cation is an ion with a positive charge, typically formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. In the video, the metal atom turns into a cation during the reaction. The charge of the cation is determined by the metal's position on the periodic table, with 1A metals forming +1 cations and 2A metals forming +2 cations.
💡Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table and is involved in the reactions discussed in the video as the atom being displaced. The script emphasizes that in these reactions, hydrogen atoms convert from a cationic state to their elemental state, forming hydrogen gas (H2).
💡Elemental State
The elemental state refers to the form of an element in its pure, uncombined form. In the context of the video, hydrogen's elemental state is H2, a diatomic molecule and the gaseous product of the reaction when hydrogen atoms are displaced from their compounds.
💡Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. The video explains that the metal cation will form an ionic bond with the anion from the compound, resulting in a new compound as a product of the reaction.
💡Charge Balance
Charge balance is the principle that the total positive charge must equal the total negative charge in a neutral compound. The video script explains the importance of ensuring that the charges of the ions in the products balance out to maintain electrical neutrality, such as needing two chloride ions to balance a +2 magnesium cation.
💡Chemical Equation
A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction, showing the reactants and products with their respective quantities in a balanced manner. The video script discusses the process of writing and balancing chemical equations for single displacement reactions involving hydrogen and metal atoms.
💡States of Matter
States of matter refer to the distinct forms in which matter can exist, such as solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. The video script mentions the gaseous state of hydrogen (H2) as a product of the reaction and the aqueous state of other products, indicating the physical form of the substances involved.
Highlights

The video provides guidance on solving a specific type of single displacement reaction involving hydrogen.

Access to a periodic table and a table of common polyatomic ions is recommended for solving the problem.

The general format of the equations involves a metal atom reacting with a molecule where the first atom is hydrogen.

The metal atom must be from column 1A or 2A for the reaction to occur.

If the metal is not from the correct column, the reaction will not work, and 'no reaction' should be selected.

Water should be considered as HOH rather than H2O for easier product prediction.

In a single displacement reaction, the atomic reactant swaps with the first atom of the molecular formula.

The atomic element does not simply swap with the hydrogen atom; it changes states.

Hydrogen converts from a cation to its elemental state, H2, which is a gas.

The metal atom turns into a cation, with the charge determined by its position on the periodic table.

For metals in column 1A, a plus one cation is formed, and for 2A, a plus two cation.

The charge on the anion must be determined to write the correct formula for the compound formed.

A table of polyatomic ions is useful for predicting the charge of complex anions.

The product of the reaction is always aqueous, and the equation must be balanced.

Balancing the equation may require adjusting the number of hydrogen atoms to achieve neutrality.

The video emphasizes the complexity and the need for careful consideration when predicting reaction products.

Transcripts

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Chemistry ReactionsDisplacement ReactionsHydrogen PredictionPeriodic TablePolyatomic IonsElemental StatesIonic BondsMg2+ CationH2 GasChemical EducationReaction Balancing