ALEKS: Finding the conjugate of an acid or base

Roxi Hulet
5 Apr 202103:25
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThis video tutorial guides viewers on how to find the conjugate of an acid or a base from given chemical formulas. It explains the process of deriving the conjugate base from an acid by removing a hydrogen atom and reducing the charge by one. Conversely, to find the conjugate acid from a base, one adds a hydrogen atom and increases the charge by one. Examples provided include the conjugation of H3O+, H2SO4, and H2O, as well as the reverse process for OH-, CO3^2-, and H2O, illustrating the general strategy for acid-base chemistry.

Takeaways
  • 🔍 The video explains how to find the conjugate of an acid or a base given their chemical formulas.
  • 📝 To find the conjugate base of an acid, remove one hydrogen atom and decrease the charge by one.
  • 🌟 The example given for H3O+ shows how to get H2O by losing a hydrogen and becoming neutral.
  • 🧪 For H2SO4, removing a hydrogen atom and adjusting the charge from -1 to -2 results in the conjugate base.
  • 💧 In the case of H2O, the conjugate base is HO- with a -1 charge after losing a hydrogen and adjusting the charge.
  • 🔄 The process is reversed to find the conjugate acid of a base: add a hydrogen atom and increase the charge by one.
  • 🌐 For OH-, adding a hydrogen results in H2O, and the charge goes from -1 to neutral.
  • 🛠️ When CO3^2- is the base, adding a hydrogen gives HCO3- and the charge increases from -2 to -1.
  • 🌀 For H2O as a base, adding a hydrogen atom results in H3O+ with a +1 charge.
  • ⚗️ The video emphasizes the importance of adjusting the charge and hydrogen count to find conjugates in chemistry.
  • 📚 Understanding the concept of conjugate acids and bases is crucial for solving problems related to acid-base chemistry.
Q & A

  • What is the main topic of the video?

    -The main topic of the video is teaching how to find the conjugate of an acid or a base given their chemical formulas.

  • What are the general steps to find the conjugate base of an acid?

    -To find the conjugate base of an acid, you need to remove one hydrogen atom from the acid formula and decrease the charge by one positive unit.

  • What happens to the charge of an acid when it forms its conjugate base?

    -When an acid forms its conjugate base, it loses one hydrogen atom and its charge is reduced by one positive unit.

  • How does the formula of H3O+ change to form its conjugate base?

    -The formula of H3O+ changes to H2O by losing one hydrogen atom and its charge becomes neutral.

  • What is the conjugate base of H2SO4?

    -The conjugate base of H2SO4 is HSO4^-2, which is formed by losing one hydrogen atom and having a charge of minus two.

  • What is the conjugate base of H2O?

    -The conjugate base of H2O is OH^-, which is formed by losing one hydrogen atom and having a charge of minus one.

  • What is the general strategy for writing the formula of a conjugate acid of a base?

    -To write the formula of a conjugate acid of a base, you add one hydrogen atom to the base formula and increase the charge by one positive unit.

  • How does the formula of OH^- change to form its conjugate acid?

    -The formula of OH^- changes to H2O by adding one hydrogen atom and the charge becomes neutral.

  • What is the conjugate acid of CO3^2-?

    -The conjugate acid of CO3^2- is HCO3^-, which is formed by adding one hydrogen atom and increasing the charge from minus two to minus one.

  • What is the conjugate acid of H2O?

    -The conjugate acid of H2O is H3O+, which is formed by adding one hydrogen atom and increasing the charge from neutral to plus one.

  • Why does the charge of a base increase when it forms its conjugate acid?

    -The charge of a base increases by one positive unit when it forms its conjugate acid because it gains one hydrogen atom.

Outlines
00:00
🧪 Understanding Acids and Bases Conjugates

This paragraph introduces the concept of finding the conjugate of an acid or a base. The video aims to explain how to determine the formula of a conjugate base from an acid and vice versa. The general strategy involves removing a hydrogen atom from an acid to form its conjugate base and adjusting the charge accordingly. For example, if starting with an acid like H3O+, the conjugate base would be H2O with a neutral charge. Similarly, for an acid like H2SO4, the conjugate base would be HSO4- with a -2 charge. The process is reversed for bases, where an additional hydrogen atom is added, and the charge is increased.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Acid
An acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in water. In the context of the video, acids are compounds that can lose a hydrogen atom to form their conjugate bases. For example, H3O+ is mentioned as an acid that loses a hydrogen to become H2O.
💡Base
A base is a substance that accepts a proton (H+) or donates a hydroxide ion (OH-) when dissolved in water. In the video, bases are compounds that can gain a hydrogen atom to form their conjugate acids. OH- is an example used in the script where it gains a hydrogen to become H2O.
💡Conjugate Base
A conjugate base is the species formed when an acid loses a proton (H+). The video explains that to find the conjugate base of an acid, one must remove a hydrogen atom and decrease the charge by one. For instance, H3O+ becomes H2O when it loses a hydrogen atom.
💡Conjugate Acid
A conjugate acid is the species formed when a base gains a proton (H+). The video describes the process of finding a conjugate acid by adding a hydrogen atom to a base and increasing its charge by one. OH- becomes H2O when it gains a hydrogen atom.
💡Hydrogen Atom
A hydrogen atom is a basic unit of matter, consisting of one proton and one electron. In the video, the addition or removal of hydrogen atoms is crucial in the formation of conjugate acids and bases. For example, H2SO4 loses a hydrogen to become a conjugate base.
💡Charge
Charge refers to the electrical property of a molecule or ion. In the context of the video, the charge of a molecule changes when it forms a conjugate acid or base. The video explains that the charge is decreased by one when an acid forms its conjugate base, and increased by one when a base forms its conjugate acid.
💡H3O+
H3O+ is the hydronium ion, which is a common acid in aqueous solutions. The video uses H3O+ as an example of an acid that forms its conjugate base by losing a hydrogen atom, resulting in H2O.
💡H2SO4
H2SO4 is sulfuric acid, a strong acid used in the video as an example. It forms its conjugate base by losing a hydrogen atom, resulting in a molecule with sulfur and four oxygens, and its charge changes from -1 to -2.
💡H2O
H2O is water, which can act as both an acid and a base. In the video, H2O is shown as the conjugate base of H3O+ and the conjugate acid of OH-. It is formed by losing or gaining a hydrogen atom, respectively.
💡OH-
OH- is the hydroxide ion, a common base in aqueous solutions. The video explains that OH- forms its conjugate acid by gaining a hydrogen atom, resulting in H2O.
💡CO32-
CO32- is the carbonate ion, a base used in the video as an example. It forms its conjugate acid by gaining a hydrogen atom, resulting in HCO3-, and its charge changes from -2 to -1.
Highlights

The video demonstrates how to solve the Aleks problem of finding the conjugate of an acid or a base.

Three formulas of acids and three formulas of bases are provided in the problem.

The task is to write the formulas of the conjugates of the given acids and bases.

A general strategy for finding the conjugate base of an acid is explained.

To find a conjugate base, remove one hydrogen atom and reduce the charge by +1.

For H3O+, the conjugate base formula is H2O with a neutral charge.

H2SO4 loses a hydrogen atom to become SO4 with a -2 charge.

H2O, when forming a conjugate base, becomes HO with a -1 charge.

The process for finding the conjugate acid of a base is the opposite of that for an acid's conjugate base.

To find a conjugate acid, add one hydrogen atom and increase the charge by +1.

OH- becomes H2O (neutral) by adding a hydrogen and neutralizing the charge.

For CO32-, adding a hydrogen results in HCO3 with a -1 charge.

H2O, as a base, becomes H3O+ by adding a hydrogen and increasing the charge to +1.

The video provides a step-by-step guide for determining the conjugate of acids and bases.

The importance of adjusting the charge when forming conjugates is emphasized.

The video clarifies the difference between the conjugate base and the conjugate acid.

Acid and base conjugates are formed by the loss or gain of a hydrogen atom.

The video illustrates the concept with examples of common acids and bases.

The process is applicable to various chemical compounds in acid-base chemistry.

Transcripts

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ChemistryAcid BaseConjugatesAcidsBasesChemical ReactionsEducationalScienceTutorialHydrogen Atoms