How 11 Ancient Crafts Survived For Centuries | Still Standing | Insider Business

Business Insider
30 Dec 2022102:59
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis video showcases the enduring legacy of traditional crafts around the world, from the intricate art of camel skin lamps in Pakistan to the ancient practices of shea butter production in Ghana, and the delicate process of silk weaving in Cambodia. It highlights the challenges these artisans face, such as modernization, declining interest from younger generations, and economic pressures, yet also captures their resilience and dedication to preserving their heritage. Through personal stories of artisans like Malik Abdul Rehman Naqash in Pakistan, Portia Asumda in Ghana, and Sophea Oum in Cambodia, the video emphasizes the importance of these crafts not just as means of livelihood, but as vital expressions of cultural identity and history.

Takeaways
  • 😊 The video explores ancient crafts and trades from around the world that have survived for centuries
  • πŸ‘¨β€πŸ« It shows how artisans are preserving these traditions and passing skills to younger generations
  • 🌎 Crafts featured span diverse geographies - Mexico, India, Japan, Thailand, Ghana, etc
  • 🎨 Techniques displayed include pottery, metalwork, weaving, wood carving, and many more
  • β›° Many crafts rely on specialized local materials only found in certain areas
  • 😒 Modernization and cheaper alternatives threaten survival of these crafts
  • πŸ’ͺ But artisans adapt with small innovations while preserving core methods
  • πŸ‘΅ Most artisans interviewed learned skills from parents and grandparents
  • πŸ’Έ Some balance craft with other jobs, but take pride in continuing tradition
  • πŸ™ Many hope younger family members will take up craft, unsure if it will survive
Q & A
  • What are some of the ancient arts and crafts featured in the video?

    -The video features ancient arts and crafts such as camel skin lamp making in Pakistan, shea butter production in Ghana, dhokra metal casting in India, ikat silk weaving in Cambodia, and bonsai scissors forging in Japan.

  • Why are many of these ancient crafts at risk of disappearing?

    -Many factors threaten the survival of these ancient crafts, including lack of interest from younger generations, competition from modern alternatives, declining tourism, high production costs, and environmental changes.

  • How is technology impacting some of the traditional production methods?

    -In some cases, artisans are adopting modern machinery and materials to increase efficiency and lower costs. However, this can compromise quality and authenticity.

  • What steps are being taken to preserve these crafts?

    -Efforts are being made to pass skills to younger generations through training programs and workshops. Some artisans are also using online sales and exports to sustain their businesses.

  • Why does Evangelina Aquino Luis insist on using a traditional grinding stone to make mole sauce?

    -She believes that hand crushing the ingredients with a traditional stone metate makes the mole paste smoother and helps bring out more intense flavors from the spices.

  • How did the Cambodian genocide almost wipe out silk weaving traditions?

    -The Khmer Rouge regime targeted and killed many intellectuals and artisans, including those who specialized in silk weaving. They also destroyed mulberry forests that fed the golden silkworms.

  • How did India's demonetization impact dhokra metal artisans?

    -The sudden removal of cash from circulation left many customers unable to purchase dhokra art. This forced a large number of artisans to quit the craft to find other means of income.

  • Why is the pumpkin variety of tanpura instruments valued over other materials?

    -Craftsmen in the Indian city of Miraj believe the pumpkin shell variety gives the tanpura stronger vibration and better sound quality compared to other materials.

  • What new methods are salt farmers in Bali using to attract customers?

    -With declining local sales, some farmers allow tourists to participate in the harvesting process and learn about the salt production history to boost interest and demand.

  • How long does it take to make a high-quality pair of bonsai scissors in Sakai, Japan?

    -It can take a skilled artisan around one month to carefully forge and sharpen a premium quality pair of bonsai scissors.

Outlines
00:00
🎨 Traditional Lamb Skin Lamp Making in Pakistan

This paragraph describes the intricate process of making traditional lambskin lamps in Multan, Pakistan. It highlights how Malik Abdul Rehman Naqash's family has been making these lamps for over a century, passing down specialized skills across generations. However, the craft is declining as younger people are not interested and businesses have closed. The process involves extensive manual preparation of the camel hides using a knife called 'rambi', which requires expertise developed over years of practice.

05:01
🌿 Shea Butter Production by Women in Ghana

This paragraph focuses on shea butter production by women in northern Ghana. It explains how they use traditional, labor-intensive methods to pick shea nuts, roast and grind them into butter. Shea butter is culturally and economically significant for local women, providing their main income source. However, deforestation of shea trees and competition from commercial processors pose challenges to the tradition.

10:02
🧡 Traditional Ikat Silk Weaving in Cambodia

This paragraph discusses the revival of traditional ikat silk weaving in Cambodia by Pheach after it nearly disappeared due to the Khmer Rouge regime. It explains the intricate process of silk production, from raising silkworms to spinning, dying and weaving intricate ikat patterns. Pheach sees her work as honoring ancestors and strengthening Cambodian culture and dignity.

15:03
🎭 Making Masks for Thai Khon Dance

This paragraph focuses on the intricate craft of making masks for Khon, a traditional Thai dance depicting the Ramayana epic. It describes how artisan Prateep Rodpai meticulously shapes and decorates each mask using specialized techniques. While Khon's popularity has declined, Prateep is determined to preserve the mask-making craft and pass it on to the next generation.

20:10
🌢 Traditional Mole Preparation in Mexico

This paragraph highlights Evangelina Aquino Luis's efforts to preserve ancestral methods of preparing mole sauce in Oaxaca, Mexico using a traditional grinding stone called a metate. It explains the extensive process of making chichilo mole specifically for funerals, from Market ingredients to extensive grinding and cooking. Evangelina sees mole-making as celebrating her Zapotec culture.

25:14
🎸 Handcrafting Tanpura Musical Instruments in India

This paragraph focuses on tanpura production by artisans in Miraj, India. It details how they meticulously craft each instrument from dried bottle gourd shells and wood. Faruk Abdul Majid Sitarmaker comes from a long lineage of tanpura makers, but competition from cheaper electronic versions poses challenges. He strives to maintain quality and train younger artists.

30:15
πŸ§‚ Solar Salt Harvesting in Bali

This paragraph describes the grueling process of harvesting solar sea salt in Kusamba, Bali using ancestral techniques. It focuses on a female salt farmer, Nengah, who manually carries seawater to dry beds to crystallize salt. Coastal erosion and competition make the tradition unsustainable, but farmers hope international recognition can revive interest.

35:16
🧺 Rajbanshi Women Weaving Jute in India

This paragraph focuses on the Rajbanshi ethnic women in India who weave jute fiber into mats and products, passing down skills for generations. But increasing competition from modern materials threatens the handloom industry. Sanjita Sarkar learned young and strives to maintain quality, hoping to preserve the craft by mentoring other women.

40:17
🌳 Forging Bonsai Scissors in Japan

This paragraph highlights Harukawa Yasuhiro, one of the last scissors smiths using ancestral techniques to forge high-quality steel bonsai scissors in Sakai, Japan. His meticulous month-long process resembles samurai sword making. Though he struggles finding successors, the enduring demand for precision scissors sustains his slowly disappearing craft.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘craft
The word 'craft' refers to a skilled trade or occupation that involves making things by hand. It is a central theme throughout the video, which explores how traditional handmade crafts and production methods around the world are being preserved. Examples from the script include metal art in India made using ancient wax casting techniques, handmade shea butter in Ghana, and weaving threads of silk by hand in Cambodia.
πŸ’‘artisan
An 'artisan' is a skilled worker who makes things by hand, especially in a traditional or non-industrial way. The video profiles many artisans around the world who are keeping ancient craft traditions alive, like the camel skin lamp makers in Pakistan, the musicians crafting tanpuras from pumpkin shells in India, and the family of scissor makers in Japan.
πŸ’‘generation
The concept of 'generations' comes up frequently, as many of the artisans featured have learned their craft from previous generations and are now passing down their skills to the next generation in hopes of preserving the traditions. The salt farmers in Bali worry their children won't continue the harvest, while the Sitar maker in India trains his nephews.
πŸ’‘tradition
'Tradition' refers to beliefs, practices or crafts that have historic significance and are passed down between generations. The video explores how many centuries-old craft traditions, like making shea butter in Ghana and weaving jute fiber in India, are being maintained despite modernization.
πŸ’‘culture
The handmade crafts depicted reflect unique aspects of local history and culture in different parts of the world. The artisans profiled often aim to preserve cultural heritage through their work, like the Cambodian silk weavers reviving patterns from the Angkor period and the mask makers keeping Thai classical dance alive.
πŸ’‘sustainable
Some artisans struggle to make traditional crafts economically 'sustainable' in the face of globalization and competition from mass manufacturing. Initiatives to create new revenue streams and opportunities are helping artisans sustain their livelihoods, like exporting mole sauce from Mexico and earning geographical indication status for Balinese sea salt.
πŸ’‘livelihood
For many artisans, especially in rural areas and developing economies, their craft is more than just a cultural legacy - it provides their main source of income and 'livelihood'. But disruptions like war, natural disasters and pandemics threaten the viability of handmade crafts as economic activities.
πŸ’‘heritage
The time-honored crafts represent part of the artisans' cultural 'heritage' and historic identity. The video reveals a sense of pride among craftspeople in carrying on lineage and ancestral traditions, like the family of instrument makers in India stretching back seven generations.
πŸ’‘globalization
'Globalization' and competition from industrial manufacturing have jeopardized many traditional artisan crafts profiled in the video. However, some artisans are also embracing globalized trade through access to international markets for their products, like the mole sauce exporter in Mexico.
πŸ’‘innovation
While staying true to traditional methods, some artisans are 'innovating' by finding new opportunities and applications for their crafts. Examples include the woman who revived Cambodian silk weaving and helps artisans sell products abroad, and the scissors maker in Japan who learned to make specialty bonsai shears.
Highlights

Introduced a new deep learning architecture called Transformer that relies solely on attention mechanisms

Showed that Transformer models outperform recurrent neural networks on machine translation tasks

Demonstrated the scalability of Transformer models by training a model with over 100 layers

Presented refinements to the Transformer architecture such as adding residual connections between layers

Discussed methods to make Transformer models more parallelizable and computationally efficient

Provided detailed results on WMT 2014 English-to-German and English-to-French translation tasks

Achieved a BLEU score of 28.4 on WMT 2014 English-to-German, outperforming best competing methods

Showed the Transformer generalizes well to other tasks like constituency parsing

Suggested that attention-based models can serve as a basis for NLP systems across diverse tasks

Discussed limitations of Transformer models such as quadratic complexity w.r.t sequence length

Proposed using sparse attention patterns to improve computational and memory efficiency

Highlighted interesting future research directions like exploring learned positional encodings

Overall, demonstrated a significant advance in sequence transduction models through the Transformer

Showed attention mechanisms alone can be effective enough to replace recurrence in neural networks

Made code and pretrained models available to facilitate research into Transformer models

Transcripts
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