How To Remember Every Muscle in the Upper Limb and Arm | Corporis

Corporis
9 Sept 202115:44
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRIn this anatomy-focused video, Patrick shares tips and tricks for memorizing the skeletal muscles of the upper limb. He breaks down the list into manageable chunks, explaining the functions and locations of various muscles, such as the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major, using visual and mnemonic techniques to aid retention.

Takeaways
  • 📚 The video is sponsored by Kenhub, a resource for learning anatomy, and provides tips for remembering skeletal muscles of the upper limb.
  • 💪 The muscles controlling arm movement start from the spine, with the trapezius and latissimus dorsi being key superficial muscles.
  • 📏 The trapezius muscle is a single muscle with different sections, resembling a trapezoid, and can move the shoulder in multiple ways.
  • 🌐 The latissimus dorsi, or 'lats', is the widest muscle in the body, extending from the thoracic vertebrae to the humerus.
  • 🔍 Beneath the trapezius, the rhomboid major and minor, along with the levator scapulae, originate from the spine and move the shoulder blade.
  • 🐬 The serratus anterior muscle has a serrated pattern, resembling a bread knife, and is involved in punching movements.
  • 🤲 The pectoralis major and minor, along with the serratus anterior, are key muscles in the chest area, with the intercostal muscles located between the ribs.
  • 🏋️‍♂️ The deltoid muscle, shaped like the Greek letter delta, is the most superficial muscle around the shoulder joint.
  • 🤕 The rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) are deep to the deltoid and essential for shoulder movement.
  • 💪 The teres major muscle has leverage similar to the latissimus dorsi and is a major mover of the arm, unlike the smaller teres minor.
  • 🦾 The muscles of the upper arm, like the biceps brachii and triceps brachii, are named based on their location and the number of heads they have.
Q & A

  • What is the main purpose of the video?

    -The main purpose of the video is to teach viewers tips and tricks for remembering the skeletal muscles of the upper limb, particularly for beginners in anatomy classes.

  • How is the list of muscles presented in the video?

    -The list of muscles is presented in smaller chunks of 4 to 8 muscles to make the lesson more manageable for beginners.

  • What is the significance of the trapezius muscle?

    -The trapezius is a large muscle that inserts on the scapula and clavicle, originating from the base of the skull to the lowest thoracic vertebrae. It is significant for its role in moving the shoulder in multiple ways.

  • How is the trapezius muscle named?

    -The trapezius muscle is named after its trapezoid shape, which is visible when looking at both sides of the muscle together.

  • What is the latissimus dorsi muscle commonly referred to as?

    -The latissimus dorsi muscle is commonly referred to as the 'lats'.

  • What does the name 'latissimus dorsi' indicate about the muscle?

    -The name 'latissimus dorsi' indicates that the muscle is wide (lateral) and located on the back (dorsum), similar to the dorsal fin of a dolphin.

  • What are the functions of the rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles?

    -The rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles help in retracting the shoulder blades and maintaining good posture.

  • How can you differentiate between the rhomboid major and the serratus posterior superior muscle?

    -The rhomboid major is more superficial and has straight geometric edges, while the serratus posterior superior is deeper and has a serrated or jagged attachment.

  • What is the pectoralis major muscle responsible for?

    -The pectoralis major muscle, also known as the 'big chest' muscle, is responsible for movements of the arm and chest.

  • What is the deltoid muscle and what does it look like?

    -The deltoid muscle is a large, triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint and is named after the Greek letter delta.

  • What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?

    -The four muscles of the rotator cuff are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

  • How does the teres major muscle differ from the teres minor muscle?

    -The teres major muscle originates further down the scapula and humerus, giving it more leverage and making it more like the powerful latissimus dorsi muscle, whereas the teres minor is more like a rotator cuff muscle.

  • What is the function of the biceps brachii muscle?

    -The biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle of the upper arm that is involved in flexing the forearm at the elbow.

  • What is the significance of the thenar mass muscles in the hand?

    -The thenar mass muscles are a group of four short muscles that make up the fleshy mass of the palm and are responsible for moving the thumb.

  • What is the function of the hypothenar mass muscles in the hand?

    -The hypothenar mass muscles are responsible for moving the pinky finger, including the muscles that oppose the pinky to the thumb.

  • What is the role of the lumbrical muscles in the hand?

    -The lumbrical muscles are tiny muscles that originate on tendons on the palmer side of the hand and insert on structures at the phalanges. They flex the carpometacarpal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints, helping to spread the fingers.

  • How can the interossei muscles be differentiated in function?

    -The palmar interossei muscles adduct the fingers (bring them together), while the dorsal interossei muscles abduct the fingers (spread them apart).

Outlines
00:00
💪 Upper Limb Muscles Overview

The video, sponsored by Kenhub, is an educational guide on remembering the skeletal muscles of the upper limb. Patrick, the host, introduces the concept of breaking down the list of muscles into smaller, manageable groups of 4 to 8. He emphasizes the importance of understanding muscle origins and insertions, and uses visual mnemonics like the trapezius muscle's resemblance to a trapezoid. Key muscles discussed include the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, serratus posterior superior, and levator scapulae. Patrick also mentions the pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, and intercostal muscles, highlighting their functions and anatomical positions.

05:00
🤚 Shoulder and Upper Arm Muscles

This section delves into the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint and upper arm. Patrick explains the deltoid, a large triangular muscle, and the rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. He uses anatomical landmarks to help identify these muscles. The teres major is also discussed, noted for its powerful movement of the arm, similar to the latissimus dorsi. Patrick then moves on to the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachioradialis, and brachialis, using Latin roots to aid in memorization. The anconeus, a small muscle that assists in elbow extension, is also mentioned.

10:02
🤞 Forearm and Hand Muscles

Patrick continues with the forearm and hand muscles, highlighting the complexity due to the numerous small muscles involved in hand dexterity. He discusses the flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, palmaris longus, pronator teres, and pronator quadratus, emphasizing their actions and anatomical locations. The flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, as well as the flexor pollicis longus, are explained in terms of their roles in finger and thumb movements. The posterior forearm muscles, including the extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and the thumb extensors, are also covered. Patrick uses mnemonic devices and muscle actions to help remember these muscles.

15:06
👐 Hand Muscles and Kenhub Resources

The final section focuses on the thenar and hypothenar muscles of the hand, which control thumb and pinky movements. Patrick describes the flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis, and abductor pollicis brevis, using their actions and anatomical positions to aid memorization. The hypothenar muscles, including the opponens digiti minimi and abductor digiti minimi, are also discussed. Patrick introduces the palmaris brevis and the lumbricals, which help in finger spreading and flexion. The interossei muscles, responsible for finger abduction and adduction, complete the overview. The video concludes with a plug for Kenhub, a resource Patrick uses for anatomy research, offering a discount for their premium content.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Trapezius
The trapezius is a large muscle that plays a crucial role in the movement of the shoulder. It originates from the base of the skull and extends down to the lowest thoracic vertebrae, inserting on the scapula and clavicle. In the video, the trapezius is described as having different sections with varying angles of fibers, but it is important to note that these sections are part of a single muscle. The name 'trapezius' is derived from its trapezoid shape when viewed from both sides.
💡Latissimus Dorsi
The latissimus dorsi, often referred to as the 'lats', is the widest muscle in the body. It spans from shoulder to shoulder and from the thoracic vertebrae down to the sacrum, inserting on the humerus. The name 'latissimus dorsi' is derived from Latin, where 'latissimus' means 'widest' and 'dorsi' refers to its location on the back. This muscle is significant in the video as it is a major muscle involved in the movement of the upper limb.
💡Rhomboid Major and Minor
The rhomboid major and minor are muscles that originate on the spine and insert on the scapula. They are responsible for retracting the shoulder blades and maintaining good posture. In the video, it is mentioned that the rhomboid major is rhomboid-shaped, while the rhomboid minor is more cylindrical. These muscles are important for understanding the mechanics of the shoulder blade movement.
💡Serratus Anterior
The serratus anterior is a muscle that has a serrated or sawtooth-like pattern, which gives it its name. It is involved in the movement of the scapula and is located on the anterior side of the chest. The video explains that you can feel this muscle contract when you punch forward with a straight arm, making it an essential muscle for understanding upper limb movement.
💡Pectoralis Major and Minor
The pectoralis major and minor are muscles in the chest region. The pectoralis major, as the name suggests, is the larger of the two and is responsible for movements of the arm and shoulder. The pectoralis minor is smaller and follows a similar path to the pectoralis major but does not extend all the way to the sternum. These muscles are crucial for understanding the anatomy and function of the chest.
💡Deltoid
The deltoid is a large, triangular muscle that covers the shoulder joint. Named after the Greek letter delta, it is responsible for various movements of the arm, such as abduction and rotation. In the video, the deltoid is described as the most superficial muscle of the shoulder joint, and understanding its function is key to grasping the mechanics of arm movement.
💡Rotator Cuff
The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that surround the shoulder joint and are crucial for its stability and movement. These muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The video explains that these muscles are deep to the deltoid and are essential for understanding the complex movements of the shoulder.
💡Teres Major
The teres major is a muscle that has a similar path to the teres minor but is larger and more powerful. It originates further down the scapula and humerus, providing leverage for its movement. In the video, it is noted that the teres major is more like the latissimus dorsi in function, being a major mover of the arm, rather than a rotator cuff muscle.
💡Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii
The biceps brachii and triceps brachii are muscles in the upper arm. The biceps brachii, as the name suggests, has two heads and is involved in flexing the forearm. The triceps brachii has three heads and is responsible for extending the forearm. These muscles are fundamental to understanding the mechanics of the elbow joint and are highlighted in the video as key muscles of the upper limb.
💡Flexor Carpi Radialis and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
The flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris are muscles in the forearm that flex the wrist. The flexor carpi radialis is located on the side nearest the radius, while the flexor carpi ulnaris is on the ulnar side. These muscles are essential for understanding wrist movement and are mentioned in the video as part of the complex muscle system in the forearm.
💡Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
The extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis are muscles in the forearm that extend the wrist. The longus is longer and has a more extended path, while the brevis is shorter. These muscles are crucial for wrist extension and are part of the complex system of muscles in the forearm that control hand and wrist movements, as discussed in the video.
Highlights

Introduction to tips and tricks for remembering skeletal muscles of the upper limb.

Presentation of the list in smaller chunks of 4 to 8 muscles for beginners.

Discussion on the trapezius muscle, its origin, insertion, and function.

Explanation of the trapezius muscle's appearance as a trapezoid.

Introduction to the latissimus dorsi muscle, its span, and its Latin name origin.

Identification of the rhomboid major and minor muscles and their functions.

Differentiation between the rhomboid major and serratus posterior superior muscles.

Description of the levator scapulae muscle and its unique attachment points.

Overview of the pectoralis major and minor muscles and their functions.

Introduction to the serratus anterior muscle and its serrated pattern.

Explanation of the intercostal muscles and their location between the ribs.

Discussion on the deltoid muscle, its appearance, and its function in the shoulder joint.

Introduction to the rotator cuff muscles and their specific locations and functions.

Description of the teres major muscle and its comparison to the teres minor muscle.

Overview of the muscles of the upper arm, including the biceps brachii and triceps brachii.

Introduction to the coracobrachialis, brachioradialis, and brachialis muscles.

Discussion on the anconeus muscle and its role in extending the elbow.

Explanation of the forearm muscles, focusing on the flexor and extensor groups.

Introduction to the thenar and hypothenar muscles and their role in thumb and pinky movement.

Description of the palmaris brevis muscle and its function in maintaining a strong grip.

Discussion on the lumbrical and interossei muscles and their unique actions in finger movement.

Recommendation of Kenhub as a resource for learning anatomy with a discount offer.

Transcripts

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