Series Connected Batteries | Parallel Connected Batteries

Master Pro
31 Mar 202305:53
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis educational video explores series and parallel connections of power sources like batteries and generators. It explains the conditions for each connection type, including total voltage, current, and power calculations. The presenter uses an example of 12 dry cells connected in series and parallel, calculating total voltage, current, and power, and then details the current and power per cell. The video concludes with a summary of formulas for series and parallel connections, encouraging viewers to engage with the content.

Takeaways
  • 🔋 The video discusses the concepts of connecting power sources in series or parallel to meet the power requirements of loads.
  • 🔌 In a series connection, the total voltage is the algebraic sum of the individual voltages, and if they are the same, it's simply the number of sources multiplied by the voltage of one.
  • 🔄 For series-connected sources, the current and power delivered by each unit are equal, meaning the total power is the number of sources times the power of one.
  • 🔌 In parallel connection, the terminal voltage of combined sources is the same as that of a single unit, and the total current is the sum of the individual currents.
  • 🔄 The power delivered by each unit in parallel is equal, and the total power is the sum of the power of each individual unit.
  • 📚 The video will cover examples of series and opposing battery sources in a future video, encouraging viewers to stay tuned.
  • 🔍 An example is given involving 12 similar dry cells with an EMF of 1.5 volts connected in series and parallel, with a load resistance of 0.4 ohms.
  • 🔌 The total voltage for the circuit in the example is calculated to be 6 volts, which is the terminal voltage of the combined sources.
  • 🔄 The total current flowing in the load is calculated by dividing the total voltage by the load resistance, resulting in 15 amperes.
  • 💡 The total power delivered by the load is found by multiplying the total voltage by the total current, yielding 90 watts.
  • 🔌 The current and power delivered by each cell in the parallel connection are calculated, showing 5 amperes of current and 7.5 watts of power per cell.
  • 📈 The summary provided at the end of the video reiterates the formulas for total voltage, current, and power for both series and parallel connections.
Q & A

  • What are the two main types of connections for power sources discussed in the video?

    -The two main types of connections for power sources discussed are series and parallel connections.

  • What is the condition for the total voltage in a series connection of power sources?

    -In a series connection, the total voltage (V_total) is equal to the algebraic sum of the individual voltages of the sources. If all voltages are the same, V_total = n * E, where n is the number of sources and E is the voltage of each source.

  • What is the relationship between the current in a series circuit when power sources are connected in series?

    -In a series circuit, the current flowing through the circuit is the same for all components, including the power sources.

  • How is the power delivered by each source in a series connection calculated?

    -The power delivered by each source in a series connection is equal, so the total power (P_total) is equal to the power delivered by one source (P) multiplied by the number of sources (n), P_total = n * P.

  • What is the condition for the terminal voltage in a parallel connection of power sources?

    -In a parallel connection, the terminal voltage of the combined sources is the same as that of a single unit, V_total = V, where V_total is the total voltage and V is the individual voltage of each source.

  • How is the total current in a parallel connection calculated?

    -The total current (I_total) in a parallel connection is the sum of the currents delivered by each individual unit, I_total = n * I, where n is the number of sources and I is the current delivered by each source.

  • What is the relationship between the power delivered by individual units in a parallel connection?

    -In a parallel connection, the power delivered by each individual unit is equal, so the total power (P_total) is the power delivered by one unit (P) multiplied by the number of sources (n), P_total = n * P.

  • In the example given, what is the EMF of each dry cell and how many are connected in parallel?

    -In the example, each dry cell has an EMF of 1.5 volts, and they are connected in parallel, with 12 cells in total.

  • What is the total voltage, current, and power delivered by the load in the example with a 0.4 ohm resistance?

    -The total voltage is 6 volts, the total current is 15 amperes, and the total power delivered to the load is 90 watts.

  • How is the current and power delivered by each cell in the parallel connection calculated in the example?

    -The current delivered by each cell is the total current divided by the number of cells in parallel, which is 15 amperes divided by 3, resulting in 5 amperes per cell. The power delivered by each cell is the EMF of the cell multiplied by the current through it, which is 1.5 volts times 5 amperes, resulting in 7.5 watts per cell.

  • What is the summary of the conditions for series and parallel connections of power sources as discussed in the video?

    -For series connections: 1) Total voltage is the sum of individual voltages, 2) Total current is the same as individual current, 3) Total power is the sum of individual powers. For parallel connections: 1) Terminal voltage is the same as a single unit's voltage, 2) Total current is the sum of individual currents, 3) Total power is the sum of individual powers.

Outlines
00:00
🔋 Series and Parallel Power Source Configurations

This paragraph introduces the concepts of connecting power sources in series and parallel to meet the power requirements of various loads. It explains that in a series connection, the total voltage is the sum of individual voltages, and if the voltages are identical, the total voltage (V_T) is n times E, where n is the number of sources and E is the voltage of each. It also mentions that in a series connection, the current and power delivered by each source are equal. The video promises to discuss series and opposing battery sources in the next installment, providing examples to illustrate the concepts.

05:02
🔌 Understanding Parallel Connection Power Delivery

This paragraph delves into the specifics of parallel connections, emphasizing that the terminal voltage of combined sources matches that of a single unit. It outlines the conditions for parallel connections, including the relationship between total and individual currents and voltages. The paragraph also covers how to calculate the total current and power for parallel sources, using an example of 12 similar dry cells connected in parallel with an EMF of 1.5 volts each. The example demonstrates calculating the total voltage, current, and power delivered to a load with a resistance of 0.4 ohms, resulting in a total voltage of 6 volts, a current of 15 amperes, and a power of 90 watts. It also explains how to determine the current and power per cell, concluding that each cell delivers 5 amperes and 7.5 watts.

📚 Summary of Power Source Connection Principles

The final paragraph provides a concise summary of the principles discussed for both series and parallel connections of power sources. For series connections, it reiterates the formulas for total voltage, current, and power delivery. Similarly, for parallel connections, it summarizes the key points regarding terminal voltage, total current, and power delivery. The paragraph concludes with a call to action for viewers to like, share, and subscribe for more educational content.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Series Connection
A series connection refers to the arrangement of electrical components, such as voltage sources, in a linear sequence where the current flows through each one sequentially. In the context of the video, series connection is used to increase the total voltage across a load. The script mentions that the total voltage in a series connection is the algebraic sum of the individual voltages, which is exemplified by the formula e sub T equals n multiplied by E, where n is the number of sources and E is the voltage of each source.
💡Parallel Connection
Parallel connection is an arrangement where all components are connected across the same two points, allowing the voltage across each to be the same. The video explains that in a parallel connection, the total current is the sum of the currents through each component, and the script provides the formula I equals I sub T divided by n to illustrate this. This concept is crucial for understanding how power sources can be combined to deliver sufficient current to a load.
💡Power Source
A power source is any device that provides electrical energy, such as batteries or generators. The video discusses power sources in the context of voltage supply and how they can be connected in series or parallel to meet the power requirements of a load. The script mentions different forms or types of voltage supply, emphasizing the importance of power sources in delivering enough power.
💡Voltage
Voltage, often measured in volts, is the electric potential difference between two points. The video script discusses how voltage plays a critical role in series and parallel connections, with the total voltage in a series connection being the sum of individual voltages and the voltage in a parallel connection being the same across all units.
💡Current
Current, measured in amperes, is the flow of electric charge. The script explains that in a series connection, the current is the same through all components, while in a parallel connection, the total current is the sum of the individual currents. Current is a key factor in determining the power delivered by the sources and the load.
💡Load
A load in an electrical circuit is the component or device that consumes electrical power, such as a resistor or an appliance. The video script discusses how power sources are connected to deliver power to one or more loads, and it provides an example involving a load resistance of 0.4 ohms.
💡Power
Power, measured in watts, is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The video script explains how power is calculated in both series and parallel connections, with formulas for total power delivered (P sub T) and power per source (P). Power is essential for understanding the capacity of the sources to meet the demands of the load.
💡EMF (Electromotive Force)
Electromotive Force, or EMF, is the energy provided by a power source to drive an electric current through a circuit. In the script, EMF is used to describe the voltage provided by each cell in the example of dry cells connected in series and parallel, with each cell having an EMF of 1.5 volts.
💡Resistance
Resistance is a property of materials that opposes the flow of electric current, measured in ohms. The script uses resistance in the context of load resistance, which is the opposition to the current flow when connected to the combined power sources in the example provided.
💡Algebraic Sum
The algebraic sum refers to the sum of quantities considering their signs, which can be positive or negative. In the script, the algebraic sum is used to calculate the total voltage in a series connection, where the total voltage is the sum of the individual voltages, taking into account their polarity.
💡Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering that states the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) in an electrical circuit, expressed as V = I * R. The video script implicitly uses Ohm's Law to calculate the total current flowing in the load when given the total voltage and load resistance.
Highlights

The video discusses the sources of supply in series or parallel connection, including power sources like batteries and generators.

Total voltage in series connection is the algebraic sum of individual voltages, with a formula provided for cases where voltages are equal.

In a series connection, the current and power delivered by each unit are equal, with a formula to calculate total power.

For parallel connections, the terminal voltage is the same as that of a single unit, with a condition and formula provided.

The total current in parallel connection is calculated by multiplying the individual current by the number of sources.

Power delivered by individual units in parallel connection is equal, with a formula to calculate total power.

An example is given involving 12 similar dry cells connected in series and parallel with an EMF of 1.5 volts each.

The total load voltage, current, and power are calculated for a given load resistance, neglecting internal resistance.

The current and power delivered by each cell in the series and parallel configuration are determined.

A formula is provided to calculate the current flowing in each branch of the sources in parallel.

The power in each cell is calculated using two different methods, showing consistency in results.

A summary of the key points for series and parallel sources is provided, including formulas for total voltage, current, and power.

The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between individual and total values in series and parallel connections.

The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to like, share, and subscribe for more educational content.

Transcripts

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