How to Make a 4-bit Shift Register Circuit - The Learning Circuit
TLDRThis educational video from Element 14 dives into the functionality of universal shift registers, focusing on the 74HC194 4-bit bi-directional model. It demonstrates how to manipulate data using serial and parallel inputs to achieve multiple parallel outputs. The presenter explains the concepts of serial and parallel data processing, outlines the setup including power supply requirements and mode selection, and provides a step-by-step guide on connecting the shift register. The video showcases both serial-in/parallel-out and parallel-in/parallel-out modes, illustrating how data shifts directionally with the help of buttons and switches. Viewers are encouraged to explore potential applications of universal shift registers and discuss them on the Element 14 community platform.
Takeaways
- 🌟 The video is sponsored by Element 14, an electronics community platform for engineers to connect and collaborate.
- 📚 The learning circuit series continues to explore shift registers, which are used to manipulate serial and parallel data and expand I/O capabilities.
- 🔍 The demonstration uses a 74HC194, a 4-bit bi-directional shift register, which can handle both serial and parallel input data to produce multiple parallel outputs.
- 🔌 The shift register has four parallel outputs and inputs, along with two serial inputs for shifting data left or right, controlled by pins 9 and 10 (S0 and S1).
- ⚙️ The chip operates with a supply voltage between 2 to 6 volts, and in the demo, it runs on 4.5 volts, suggesting it can be powered by a battery pack.
- 🕒 A clock signal is required for the shift register, which can be generated using a 555 timer as shown in the video.
- 🔄 The shift register can transfer data in three modes: Serial In Parallel Out (SIPO), Parallel In Parallel Out (PIPO), and by directly transferring from parallel inputs to outputs.
- 🔲 The video demonstrates setting up the shift register in SIPO mode using serial inputs and a clock signal to shift data to the parallel outputs.
- 🔄 In PIPO mode, the shift register transfers data directly from the parallel inputs to the parallel outputs when both S0 and S1 pins are high.
- 🛠️ The video includes a practical setup with switches and LEDs to visually demonstrate the shifting of data in both serial and parallel modes.
- 🔧 Shift registers are commonly used to expand the I/O of microcontrollers, with further applications to be explored in upcoming videos.
Q & A
What is the purpose of shift registers in electronics?
-Shift registers are used to manipulate serial and parallel data, allowing for the expansion of the number of inputs and outputs available in a circuit.
What is a universal shift register and how does it differ from typical shift registers?
-A universal shift register can shift serial or parallel input data to multiple parallel outputs. Unlike typical shift registers which often have one serial input going to many parallel outputs or vice versa and can only shift in one direction, universal shift registers can shift both left and right and are capable of parallel in-parallel out mode.
What is the function of the 74HC194 shift register used in the video?
-The 74HC194 is a 4-bit bi-directional shift register with four parallel outputs, four parallel inputs, and two serial inputs for shifting data left and right. It can operate in serial in-parallel out or parallel in-parallel out modes.
What are the three possible input options for the 74HC194 shift register?
-The three possible input options for the 74HC194 are: 1) using serial input DSR to cause the data to shift right, 2) using serial input DSL to cause the data to shift left, and 3) transferring data directly from the four parallel inputs to the four parallel outputs.
What is the significance of the mode select pins (S0 and S1) on the 74HC194?
-Pins 9 and 10, S0 and S1, are the mode select pins that control which mode the 74HC194 chip is in, determining whether it shifts data right, left, or loads data from parallel inputs.
What is the minimum and maximum supply voltage for the 74HC194 shift register?
-The supply voltage for the 74HC194 should be a minimum of 2 volts and a maximum of 6 volts.
How is the clock signal for the 74HC194 shift register generated in the video?
-The clock signal for the 74HC194 is generated using a 555 timer, with a potentiometer allowing for the adjustment of the clock pulse timing.
What is the role of the master reset pin (pin 1) on the 74HC194?
-The master reset pin (pin 1) is active low, so it is connected to Vcc to keep it inactive, ensuring that the shift register does not reset unintentionally.
How are the serial inputs configured in the video to enable shifting of data?
-In the video, buttons are used to pull S0 high for enabling DSR (shift right) and another button to pull S1 high for enabling DSL (shift left), with resistors connecting to ground to ensure default low states.
How does the video demonstrate the transition from serial in-parallel out mode to parallel in-parallel out mode?
-The video demonstrates this by initially showing the shift register with parallel inputs tied to ground, then connecting each parallel input to a switch, allowing high or low signals to be sent. Pressing both S0 and S1 enables the parallel load, transferring signals from the parallel inputs to the outputs.
What is the practical application of shift registers in microcontroller systems?
-Shift registers are typically used to expand the inputs or outputs of a microcontroller, which can be seen in upcoming videos that will demonstrate this process.
Outlines
🔌 Introduction to Shift Registers and Demonstration Setup
This paragraph introduces the topic of shift registers, focusing on their ability to manipulate serial and parallel data to expand input and output capabilities. The presenter demonstrates how to use a universal shift register, specifically the 74HC194 4-bit bi-directional shift register, which can handle both serial and parallel data. The setup includes a clock circuit made with a 555 timer, and the presenter explains the pin functions and connections, including serial inputs, parallel inputs and outputs, and mode select pins. The aim is to show how data can be shifted from serial inputs to parallel outputs and vice versa.
🔄 Exploring Serial and Parallel Data Shifting Modes
The second paragraph delves deeper into the functionality of the universal shift register. The presenter explains the difference between serial and parallel data processing, where serial processes data one bit at a time and parallel processes multiple bits simultaneously. The video demonstrates how to use the shift register in 'serial in, parallel out' mode, showing how signals are shifted right or left across the outputs using buttons for serial inputs. It also covers the 'parallel in, parallel out' mode, where data from switches connected to parallel inputs is transferred to the outputs on the next clock pulse. The presenter uses truth tables from the datasheet to clarify the operation of the shift register in both modes and discusses potential applications of universal shift registers, such as expanding microcontroller inputs and outputs.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Shift Registers
💡Serial and Parallel Data
💡74HC194
💡Mode Select Pins
💡Supply Voltage
💡Clock Signal
💡Master Reset
💡Serial Inputs
💡Parallel Inputs
💡Truth Table
💡Microcontroller
Highlights
Introduction to shift registers and their role in manipulating serial and parallel data to expand I/O capabilities.
Demonstration of a universal shift register that can handle both serial and parallel input data to produce multiple parallel outputs.
Use of a 74HC194 4-bit bi-directional shift register with four parallel I/Os and two serial I/Os.
Explanation of the three input modes: right shift (DSR), left shift (DSL), and direct parallel transfer.
Description of the control pins S0 and S1 for mode selection.
Clarification of serial and parallel data processing concepts.
Overview of the 74HC194 pin functions and connections.
Setup of a 4.5V supply voltage for the shift register, deviating from the standard 5V.
Construction of a clock signal using a 555 timer for the shift register.
Connection details for the master reset, serial inputs, and mode select pins.
Demonstration of enabling right and left shift serial inputs with buttons.
Setup for connecting output pins to LEDs to visualize data shifting.
Explanation of how to use the universal shift register in serial-in, parallel-out mode.
Adjustment of clock pulse timing with a potentiometer for variable shifting speed.
Transition to setting up the shift register in parallel-in, parallel-out mode.
Connection of parallel inputs to switches for high/low signal input.
Use of truth tables from the datasheet to understand parallel input setup.
Observation of data transfer from parallel inputs to outputs on clock pulse.
Illustration of how to override serial inputs with parallel inputs.
Application of shift registers in expanding microcontroller I/Os and future video teaser.
Invitation to discuss potential uses of universal shift registers on the Element 14 community.
Transcripts
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