Average Value of a Function: More Examples

Sun Surfer Math
5 May 202207:11
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis educational video delves into finding the average value of a function through detailed examples. The first example explores a complex scenario involving u-substitution with a function nested within another. It meticulously explains the steps from setting up the integral to substituting and simplifying the expressions. The second example simplifies the process by directly applying the power rule without the need for substitution, providing a straightforward calculation. Both segments conclude with the results calculated using Desmos, demonstrating practical applications of integration techniques to solve real mathematical problems.

Takeaways
  • ๐Ÿ”ข The video covers examples of calculating the average value of a function, emphasizing integration techniques.
  • ๐Ÿ“ The first example involves a function within a function, requiring a u-substitution method for integration.
  • ๐Ÿ“ Formula used: The average value f(x)bar is computed as (1/(b-a)) * int_a^b f(x) dx.
  • ๐Ÿ” In the first example, boundaries a and b are set to 3 and 6, and the function integrated is 6x * (4x - 8)^3.
  • ๐Ÿ”„ U-substitution steps are detailed, with u = 4x - 8 and dx = du/4.
  • ๐Ÿ“ Adjustments are made for x in the integral, resulting in a more complex expression involving x as (1/4)u + 2.
  • ๐Ÿงฎ The integral simplifies to combine constants and the integral expression to achieve a simplified version for integration.
  • ๐Ÿ”„ After integrating, the solution involves converting u back to x terms and evaluating the integral at the limits 3 to 6.
  • ๐Ÿ“Š The calculated average value from the first complex example is approximately 42,508.8 when evaluated using software tools like Desmos.
  • โœจ The second example provided is simpler, using straightforward power rule integration without the need for u-substitution.
Q & A
  • What is the formula for finding the average value of a function?

    -The average value of a function, denoted as f of x bar, is given by the formula (1 / (b - a)) * โˆซ[a, b] f(x) dx, where 'a' and 'b' are the limits of integration.

  • What is the first step in solving the integral for the average value of the function 6x(4x - 8)^3?

    -The first step is to set up the integral using the average value formula, which involves integrating the function 6x(4x - 8)^3 from 'a' to 'b', where 'a' is 3 and 'b' is 6.

  • Why is u-substitution used in this problem?

    -U-substitution is used because the integral involves a composite function, making it more complex to integrate directly. By setting u as the inner function (4x - 8), the integral can be simplified.

  • How is the derivative of u with respect to x found?

    -The derivative of u with respect to x is found by differentiating the expression for u, which is u = 4x - 8. The derivative du/dx is simply 4.

  • What substitution is made to simplify the integral after applying u-substitution?

    -After applying u-substitution, the integral is simplified by substituting x with (1/4)u + 2 in the expression 6x(4x - 8)^3, which becomes (3/2)u^3 after removing the common factors.

  • What is the result of the integral after integrating (1/4)u^3 with respect to u?

    -The integral of (1/4)u^3 with respect to u is (1/4) * (1/4) * u^4, which simplifies to (1/16)u^4, plus a constant of integration.

  • How are the limits of integration for u determined?

    -The limits of integration for u are determined by substituting the original limits of x (3 and 6) into the equation x = (1/4)u + 2, which gives the new limits for u.

  • What is the final result of the average value of the function 6x(4x - 8)^3 from 3 to 6?

    -The final result of the average value, after evaluating the integral and substituting back for x, is approximately 42,508.8.

  • What is the average value of the function 7x^(5/2) + 3 from 3 to 7?

    -The average value is found by integrating the function from 3 to 7 and dividing by the interval length (7 - 3). The result is approximately 433.

  • What mathematical tool is used to evaluate the integrals in the video?

    -The video mentions using Desmos, an online graphing calculator, to evaluate the integrals and obtain the numerical results.

  • Why is it important to check the answer after solving the problem?

    -Checking the answer is important to ensure that the problem has been solved correctly and to reinforce understanding of the mathematical concepts and procedures used.

  • What is the power rule used for integrating the function 7x^(5/2) + 3?

    -The power rule is used to integrate the function by raising the exponent by one and dividing by the new exponent, which in this case gives (2/7)x^(7/2) + 3x after integrating from 3 to 7.

Outlines
00:00
๐Ÿงฎ Finding the Average Value Using U-Substitution

The first paragraph of the video script introduces the concept of finding the average value of a function with a nested function. The presenter suggests using U-substitution for integration. The average value formula is presented as f(xฬ„) = (1/(b-a)) * โˆซ[a, b] f(x) dx. Given the function 6x(4x - 8)^3 and the limits a = 3 and b = 6, the presenter sets up the integral and chooses U = 4x - 8. After differentiating U with respect to x to get du/dx = 4 and solving for dx, the integral is transformed into an expression involving U. The presenter then substitutes x = (1/4)U + 2 into the integral and simplifies it to 1/2 * โˆซ[3, 6] ((1/4)U + 2)U^3 du. The integral is then solved to obtain f(xฬ„) = 1/2 * [(14/5)U^5 + (2/4)U^4] evaluated from U = 3 to U = 6. After evaluating, the presenter shows how to convert the results back into terms of x, resulting in a final answer that is checked using Desmos.

05:02
๐Ÿ“š Calculating the Average Value Without U-Substitution

The second paragraph presents a simpler example of finding the average value of a function without the need for U-substitution. The function given is 7x^(5/2) + 3 with the limits a = 3 and b = 7. The presenter uses the power rule for integration, simplifying the expression to (2/7)x^(7/2) + (3/4)x evaluated from 3 to 7. The final step involves calculating the definite integral, which yields an approximate value of 433 when solved using a tool like Desmos. The presenter emphasizes the importance of following the correct procedure to ensure the accuracy of the solution.

Mindmap
Keywords
๐Ÿ’กAverage Value of a Function
The average value of a function is a concept in calculus that represents the mean value of the function over an interval. It is calculated by integrating the function over that interval and then dividing by the length of the interval. In the video, this concept is central to solving the given mathematical problems, as it guides the process of finding the mean value of the provided functions over the specified intervals.
๐Ÿ’กU Substitution
U substitution, also known as integration by substitution, is a technique used to evaluate integrals that are in the form of a composite function. It involves replacing a part of the integral with a new variable, u, which simplifies the integration process. In the video, u substitution is used to integrate the function 6x times (4x - 8) cubed, where u is set to (4x - 8).
๐Ÿ’กIntegral
An integral in calculus is a mathematical concept that represents the area under a curve defined by a function. It is the reverse process of differentiation and is used to find the accumulated value of a quantity over an interval. In the context of the video, integrals are calculated to find the average values of the given functions over the intervals [3, 6] and [3, 7].
๐Ÿ’กDerivative
The derivative is a fundamental concept in calculus that represents the rate at which a function changes with respect to its variable. It is used in the process of u substitution to find the differential dx in terms of du. In the video, the derivative of u with respect to x, which is 4, is used to express dx as du/4.
๐Ÿ’กPower Rule
The power rule is a basic rule in calculus for integrating functions of the form x^n, where n is a constant. It states that the integral of x^n is (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, where C is the constant of integration. In the video, the power rule is applied to integrate the function 7x to the power of 5/2 over the interval [3, 7].
๐Ÿ’กDesmos
Desmos is a popular online graphing calculator that allows users to plot functions, manipulate variables, and solve mathematical problems. In the video, Desmos is mentioned as the tool to evaluate the final integral and check the answer for the average value of the function. It is used to ensure the accuracy of the calculated result.
๐Ÿ’กInterval
In mathematics, an interval refers to a specific section of a function's domain. It is often used in calculus to define the limits within which an integral or average value is calculated. In the video, the intervals [3, 6] and [3, 7] are the specific sections over which the average values of the functions are determined.
๐Ÿ’กDefinite Integral
A definite integral is an integral that has both an upper and a lower limit, representing the exact area under the curve of a function between two points. It is used in the video to calculate the integral of the functions within the given intervals to find their average values.
๐Ÿ’กCubed
In mathematics, 'cubed' refers to raising a number to the power of three (x^3). In the video, the term is used to describe the function (4x - 8) cubed, which is part of the integral that needs to be solved using u substitution.
๐Ÿ’กReciprocal
The reciprocal of a number is the value which, when multiplied by the original number, results in a product of one. It is used in the video to simplify the expression obtained after applying the power rule to the function 7x to the power of 5/2, where the reciprocal of 7/2 is 2/7.
๐Ÿ’กEvaluate
To evaluate in a mathematical context means to calculate the value of an expression by performing the necessary operations. In the video, the term is used to describe the process of finding the final numerical value of the integrals and the average value of the functions after applying the various calculus rules and techniques.
Highlights

The video demonstrates finding the average value of a function using calculus.

The first example involves a function inside another function, suggesting the use of u-substitution for integration.

The formula for the average value is given as (1/(b-a)) * โˆซ[a, b] f(x) dx.

For the first integral, the limits a and b are 3 and 6, respectively.

The function to integrate in the first example is 6x * (4x - 8)^3.

U-substitution is set up by letting u = 4x - 8, with du/dx = 4.

After substitution, the integral becomes โˆซ[3, 6] (6x * u^3) du/4.

The extra x term requires solving the u definition for x to complete the substitution.

The resulting integral is 1/2 * โˆซ[3, 6] (1/4 * u + 2) * u^3 du.

After integrating, the final expression involves evaluating (4x - 8)^5/5 + (4x - 8)^4/4 from 3 to 6.

The result of the first example is approximately 42,508.8 when calculated.

The second example is simpler, finding the average value of 7x^(5/2) + 3 from 3 to 7.

No u-substitution is needed for the second example, just a straightforward application of the power rule.

The integral results in (2/7) * x^(7/2 + 3)/4 from 3 to 7.

The final result of the second example is approximately 433.

The video provides step-by-step solutions to both examples using calculus concepts.

Desmos is recommended for evaluating the integrals and checking the results.

The video aims to help viewers understand how to find the average value of a function using calculus.

Transcripts
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