AP World History (WHAP) Unit 9 Part 1: Societal and Cultural Change (20th century)

Anti-Social Studies
9 Mar 202114:26
EducationalLearning
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TLDRIn this episode of 'Antisocial Studies,' Emily Glankler dives into the transformative effects of science and technology on the world from the 1990s to the present day. She outlines how these advancements have led to the unification of the globe by breaking down geographic barriers, facilitating communication, and enabling economic and social progress in unprecedented ways. The video touches on the rise of instant messaging, the internet, and mobile technology, as well as medical innovations like vaccines and treatments for HIV/AIDS. Glankler also discusses the emergence of a global popular culture, largely influenced by American culture, and the empowerment of historically oppressed groups through increased connectivity. She highlights the role of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African diaspora's shared experiences, and the spread of liberation theology in Latin America. The episode concludes with a teaser for the next part, which will explore the accelerated economic growth resulting from scientific and technological improvements.

Takeaways
  • 🌐 **Globalization in the 90s**: The 1990s marked the beginning of a new era of globalization, characterized by the post-Cold War world and rapid advancements in science and technology.
  • 🌟 **Technological Unification**: Science and technology have played a significant role in unifying the globe, facilitating social and economic advancement and exchange in unprecedented ways.
  • ⚡ **Instant Messaging and Internet**: The rise of instant messaging and the internet in the 90s allowed for more efficient communication, creating a sense of global community.
  • 🚀 **Transportation Innovations**: Technological advancements led to more efficient shipping methods and transportation, further connecting the world economically and culturally.
  • 🏥 **Medical Innovations**: The 20th century saw significant medical innovations, including vaccinations and treatments for diseases like HIV/AIDS, improving life quality but often emerging from global health crises.
  • 🌍 **Global Popular Culture**: Technology facilitated the rise of a global popular culture, with American culture spreading and influencing other cultures, as seen in the film industry and social media.
  • 👖 **Cultural Spread**: Items like American jeans and fast food chains like McDonald's became global, spreading cultural elements and contributing to a more interconnected world.
  • 📉 **Social Movements**: Increased communication and connection allowed historically oppressed groups to unite and push for social change more efficiently.
  • 🗽 **UN and Human Rights**: The United Nations, with figures like Eleanor Roosevelt, worked towards creating a global philosophy on human rights, attempting to establish moral and ethical standards worldwide.
  • 🎓 **Education and Opportunities**: Access to education and professional opportunities expanded, with systems like India's reservation quota aiming to provide equitable chances for lower castes.
  • 🔄 **Dismantling White Supremacy**: Formal systems of white supremacy were dismantled in many parts of the world, with movements like the ANC and anti-apartheid efforts leading to significant social changes.
Q & A

  • What is the main theme of Unit 9 in the AP World History curriculum?

    -The main theme of Unit 9 is globalization, which is particularly relevant to the post-Cold War world, including the 1990s and the 2000s.

  • How does the instructor, Emily Glankler, suggest students approach studying Unit 9?

    -Emily suggests that students view the 90s through today and the last 100 years more generally through the lens of history, rather than just personal knowledge, as many aspects of this unit are relatively intuitive due to students having lived through some of it.

  • According to the AP World History curriculum, what is the guiding question for Unit 9?

    -The guiding question is to explain the extent to which science and technology brought change in the period from 1900 to the present.

  • How does the script describe the unifying effect of science and technology on the globe?

    -Science and technology unify the globe by eliminating geographic barriers, allowing for better and more efficient communication and transportation, and facilitating social and economic advancement and exchange in an unprecedented way.

  • What is the significance of the development of the COVID-19 vaccine in relation to the script's discussion on medical innovations?

    -The rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine is an example of a modern medical advancement that emerged from a global health crisis, similar to how other medical innovations have historically arisen from necessity during global health crises.

  • How does the script connect the rise of global popular culture to advancements in technology and communication?

    -The script connects global popular culture to technology and communication by highlighting how they have facilitated the spread of Western, particularly American, cultural products worldwide, and how they have enabled the creation and sharing of global cultural phenomena like K-pop and Hollywood films.

  • What role does the script suggest that technology and increased communication have played in the advancement of historically oppressed groups?

    -Technology and increased communication have allowed historically oppressed groups to unite and push for their own advancement more efficiently than ever before, by facilitating connections and shared experiences across geographical boundaries.

  • What is the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights mentioned in the script?

    -The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is significant as it represents an attempt by the United Nations to create a global philosophy regarding the moral and ethical treatment of all human beings, setting a standard for human rights on a global scale.

  • How does the script discuss the impact of the African diaspora on the global black community?

    -The script discusses how the African diaspora, caused by the forced spread of African people due to slavery, has allowed black people across the globe to connect and share experiences, leading to a shared identity and collective action in white-dominated cultures and governments.

  • What is the 'reservation quota system' in India as mentioned in the script?

    -The 'reservation quota system' in India is a form of affirmative action that aims to address historical social and economic disparities by providing certain quotas or reservations in education, housing, and business opportunities for lower caste individuals.

  • How does the script relate the dismantling of Apartheid in South Africa to global social movements?

    -The script relates the dismantling of Apartheid in South Africa to global social movements by highlighting the role of movements like the ANC and the anti-apartheid movement, which led to the rise of Nelson Mandela and the formal end of white supremacist governance in South Africa.

  • What does the script suggest will be the focus of the next episode in the video series?

    -The next episode will focus on the accelerated economic growth experienced throughout the 1900s as a result of improved science and technology.

Outlines
00:00
🌐 Introduction to Globalization and Unit 9

Emily Glankler introduces the topic of globalization and the theme of Unit 9 in the AP World History curriculum. She explains that the unit will cover the entire 20th century with a focus on the post-Cold War era and the impact of science and technology on global unification and social and economic advancement. The video is divided into three parts, with the first focusing on how science and technology have unified the globe, similar to the period of 1200-1450 with the Silk Road. The guiding question from the curriculum asks to what extent science and technology have brought change from 1900 to the present.

05:00
📡 Technology and Communication Advancements

The paragraph discusses the role of technology in eliminating geographic barriers and facilitating communication and transportation. It highlights the evolution of communication from radio to television and the internet, including the advent of instant messaging and the cultural impact of these technologies. It also touches on transportation advancements, such as shipping containers and planes, contributing to a more interconnected world.

10:00
💉 Medical Innovations and Global Health Crises

This section delves into medical innovations that have improved life expectancy and quality, often emerging from global health crises. It mentions the rise of vaccinations, birth control, and treatments for HIV/AIDS. It also references the development of the COVID-19 vaccine, building on earlier vaccine technology. The paragraph also discusses the historical context of pandemics, such as the Spanish flu of 1918, and how they have shaped medical advancements.

🌟 Global Popular Culture and Cultural Diffusion

The paragraph explores the emergence of a global popular culture, largely influenced by American culture and the entertainment industry, with examples like Hollywood and Bollywood. It also mentions the role of social media and mega sporting events in creating a shared global experience. The spread of American cultural elements like jeans and fast food is also discussed, along with the adaptation of these elements into local cultures.

🗽 Empowering Historically Oppressed Groups

The final paragraph focuses on how technology and improved communication have empowered historically oppressed groups to unite and advocate for their rights. It discusses the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations, the African diaspora's connection through shared experiences, and the rise of liberation theology in Latin America. It also covers educational and professional opportunities for lower castes in India and the global push for women's suffrage and the dismantling of white supremacy.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Globalization
Globalization refers to the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. In the video, it is the central theme, particularly focusing on how the post-Cold War world, especially the 90s and 2000s, has seen an unprecedented level of interconnectedness. The script discusses how globalization is driven by advancements in science and technology, leading to economic and social changes on a global scale.
💡Science and Technology
These terms are used to describe the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world (science) and the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (technology). In the context of the video, they are portrayed as the driving forces behind the unification of the globe, facilitating social and economic advancement in ways never seen before, such as through instant messaging and the development of the iPhone.
💡Instant Messaging
Instant Messaging (IM) is an electronic form of communication that allows real-time text transmission over the internet. The video references AIM (America Online Instant Messaging) as an example of how technology eliminated geographic barriers and improved communication in the 90s. It was a significant innovation that allowed people to connect instantly, which was a novelty at the time.
💡Medical Innovations
Medical Innovations refer to new methods, devices, or medications developed to improve patient care and health outcomes. The script highlights how these innovations, such as vaccinations and birth control pills, have improved the length and quality of life. However, it also points out that many medical advancements are a response to global health crises, like the development of COVID-19 vaccines building on earlier work in modern medicine.
💡Global Health Crises
Global Health Crises are widespread public health events that affect many countries and populations, such as pandemics. The video mentions the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 and the HIV/AIDS pandemic as examples. These crises have often led to significant medical advancements, illustrating the video's theme that challenges often drive scientific progress.
💡Global Popular Culture
Global Popular Culture refers to cultural products and expressions that achieve worldwide popularity and influence. The video discusses how technology and globalization have facilitated the spread of a predominantly Western, and specifically American, culture across the globe. Examples include Hollywood's influence on the global film industry and the rise of K-pop, indicating a cultural exchange that goes beyond Western culture.
💡Social Media
Social Media are web-based applications that enable people to create and share content or participate in social networking. The script notes the role of social media in creating a global popular culture by allowing people worldwide, especially the youth, to engage with the same content and discussions, thus contributing to a more interconnected global society.
💡Mega Sporting Events
Mega Sporting Events are large-scale international sporting competitions, such as the World Cup or the Olympics, which bring together nations and athletes from around the world. The video uses these events as examples of how technology and globalization have made it possible for the world to come together in a very literal sense, fostering a sense of global community and shared experience.
💡Liberation Theology
Liberation Theology is a movement within Christianity that emphasizes social justice and the liberation of the oppressed. The video describes how it emerged in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s, with Catholic priests applying religious teachings to address social issues such as poverty and the plight of peasants, reflecting the broader theme of technology and communication enabling social change.
💡Reservation Quota System
The Reservation Quota System in India is an affirmative action policy that reserves seats in educational institutions and government jobs for members of the lower castes and certain indigenous groups. The video mentions this system as an example of how technology and increased communication have facilitated social change by providing historically oppressed groups with greater opportunities.
💡Women's Suffrage Movement
The Women's Suffrage Movement is a historical struggle for women's right to vote and run for office. The video contextualizes this movement within the broader narrative of social change, noting its initial focus on white Western women and eventual expansion to include women from all sectors of society, highlighting the role of technology in advancing social rights.
Highlights

The 1990s were a time of significant change, characterized by the theme of globalization, which is a key focus of Unit 9 in the AP World History curriculum.

Unit 9 covers the entire 20th century, but with a focus on the post-Cold War world, which includes the 90s and 2000s.

The guiding question for Unit 9 is to explain the extent to which science and technology brought change from 1900 to the present.

Science and technology are shown to unify the globe, facilitating social and economic advancement and exchange in unprecedented ways.

The period from 1200 to 1450 is compared to the modern era due to the massive regional trade networks and cultural diffusion seen in both.

New technology eliminates geographic barriers, allowing for more efficient communication and transportation.

The invention of commercial radio and the rise of television contributed to a more unified culture and cultural experiences.

The internet, particularly instant messaging and chat rooms, allowed for instantaneous communication and connection, a significant shift in the 90s.

Medical innovations, such as vaccinations and birth control, have improved the length and quality of life, often emerging from global health crises.

The development of the COVID-19 vaccine in record time is an example of how medical advancements can arise from global pandemics.

Technology has facilitated the rise of a global popular culture, with American culture playing a significant role in shaping this culture.

The film industry, exemplified by Hollywood and Bollywood, has contributed to the spread of a global popular culture.

Social media platforms have played a crucial role in creating a global popular culture, especially among young people.

Mega sporting events like the World Cup and the Olympics bring the world together, symbolizing global unity and cultural exchange.

The American jeans and the global spread of fast food chains like McDonald's are examples of global cultural exchange and adaptation.

Technology and increased communication have empowered historically oppressed groups to unite and push for their advancement more efficiently.

The creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations represents an attempt to establish a global ethical framework.

The African diaspora, due to slavery, has found connection and shared experience through increased global communication.

The Catholic Church's development of liberation theology in Latin America is an example of religious syncretism addressing social issues.

Access to education and professional opportunities has expanded for more social classes and minorities, including the reservation quota system in India.

The women's suffrage movement and the dismantling of formal white supremacist governments, such as in Apartheid South Africa, are part of the global push for rights and equality.

The next episode will discuss the accelerated economic growth experienced throughout the 1900s due to improved science and technology.

Transcripts

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Globalization90s CultureTech AdvancementSocial ChangeEconomic GrowthCultural DiffusionInstant MessagingHealth InnovationsGlobal Health CrisesWestern InfluenceSocial MediaGlobal Popular CultureHuman RightsCatholic ChurchLiberation TheologyEducation EquityCivil RightsApartheidGlobal Communication