How to perform CPR - Clinical skills for student nurses

University of South Wales
8 Sept 201609:48
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe transcript outlines a CPR training session focused on correctly performing chest compressions and ventilations on a patient in cardiac arrest. It emphasizes the importance of hand position, compression depth, speed, and maintaining good quality compressions to sustain circulation until help arrives. The session also covers airway maintenance, using equipment like masks and bag-valve masks, and the significance of proper patient positioning to facilitate airway management. Additionally, it discusses the use of a defibrillator and the necessity of clearing airway obstructions with a Yankauer suction device.

Takeaways
  • 📝 CPR is a vital skill for maintaining circulation in a patient experiencing cardiac arrest.
  • 🤲 Hand position during chest compressions is crucial for effectiveness, with hands interlocked and placed on the lower half of the chest.
  • 🏃‍♂️ Compressions should be performed at a rate of about 100 per minute, with 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths.
  • 👌 Proper depth of compressions is key, aiming for 5 to 6 centimeters to facilitate blood circulation.
  • 💪 Maintaining a straight back and using body weight, rather than arm strength, prevents fatigue and ensures consistent compression quality.
  • 😷 Airway maintenance is critical for patient oxygenation; use of an airway mask and bag valve mask is recommended.
  • 🛌 Positioning the patient correctly, such as placing a pillow under the neck, helps in maintaining the airway.
  • 🚨 Minimal delay between compressions and ventilations is essential for the effectiveness of CPR.
  • 🔋 Defibrillation pads should be attached and ready for use, with safety protocols followed, such as clearing the patient before delivering a shock.
  • 📊 Regular practice and repetition are necessary to master the technique and feel of proper CPR.
  • 🧪 Equipment like the Yankauer suction device should be at hand to clear any obstructions in the patient's airway.
Q & A

  • What is the primary goal of performing CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest?

    -The primary goal of performing CPR is to maintain circulation around the body until help arrives and to treat the cause of the cardiac arrest.

  • How should you position your hands for chest compressions?

    -You should position one hand on top of the other, interlocking them comfortably, with the heel of the hands applying the pressure on the lower half of the chest.

  • What is the recommended depth for chest compressions?

    -The recommended depth for chest compressions is about 5 to 6 centimeters.

  • What is the correct rate for chest compressions?

    -The correct rate for chest compressions is approximately 100 compressions per minute.

  • How many breaths should be given after a set of 30 chest compressions?

    -Two breaths should be given after a set of 30 chest compressions.

  • What is the importance of maintaining a proper airway when performing CPR?

    -Maintaining a proper airway is crucial for ensuring that the patient remains oxygenated, which is essential for their survival and recovery.

  • How do you position the patient to maintain an open airway?

    -To maintain an open airway, place one pillow under the patient's neck, allowing the head to extend with gravity, and lift the mandible by placing two fingers on the angle of the jaw just by the ears.

  • What equipment is used to ventilate the patient during CPR?

    -A bag-mask device is used to ventilate the patient during CPR, which can be used without or with an oxygen supply.

  • How do you know if the ventilation is effective during CPR?

    -Effective ventilation is indicated by the visible rise and fall of the patient's chest, and the absence of airway noises during ventilation.

  • What should be done if there is an obstruction in the patient's airway?

    -If there is an obstruction, use the Yankauer suction device to clear the airway and remove any visible secretions, being careful not to push the device too far back to avoid causing trauma.

  • What are the steps to follow when a defibrillator is advising a shock during CPR?

    -When advised to deliver a shock, the operator should instruct everyone to stay clear of the patient, charge the defibrillator, and then deliver the shock as advised. After the shock is delivered, immediately resume CPR.

  • How do you ensure proper elbow and back posture during chest compressions?

    -To ensure proper posture, lock the elbows and keep the back straight, with the weight coming through the shoulders. This helps prevent fatigue and maintains the quality of compressions.

Outlines
00:00
🚨 CPR Instruction and Chest Compressions

This paragraph provides an instructional guide on performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) correctly on a patient experiencing cardiac arrest. The speaker emphasizes the importance of maintaining the patient's airway and ventilation. A mannequin is set up to demonstrate the process, with defibrillation pads attached. The focus is on the correct hand position for chest compressions, the required depth, speed, and the ratio of compressions to breaths. The speaker explains the technique of placing one hand on top of the other, interlocking them, and using the weight of the body to perform compressions without bending the back. The target depth for compressions is five to six centimeters, with 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths, aiming for a rate of about 100 compressions per minute. The importance of minimal delay between compressions and breaths is highlighted, as well as the need for maintaining good quality compressions throughout the process.

05:02
🫁 Airway Management and Ventilation Techniques

The second paragraph delves into the critical aspects of airway management and ventilation during CPR. The speaker discusses the proper use of equipment like masks and bag-valve devices to keep the patient oxygenated. The mask should fit the patient's face correctly without any significant leaks around the eyes or chin. The speaker also explains how to position the patient correctly to maintain the airway, such as placing a pillow under the patient's neck to extend it with gravity. The use of a bag-valve mask for ventilation is detailed, with the speaker demonstrating how to squeeze the bag and ensure the chest rises easily without much effort. The speaker advises on the importance of not causing any noises from the airway, which could indicate an obstruction. The paragraph also covers the use of the Yankauer suction device for clearing airway secretions and emphasizes the need for it to be readily available in clinical areas. The paragraph concludes with a practical demonstration of performing CPR with the inclusion of a defibrillator, highlighting the importance of hands-on practice to get a feel for the correct technique.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡CPR
CPR, or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, is an emergency medical procedure performed when someone's heart stops beating or they are not breathing. In the context of the video, it is the primary technique being taught, with a focus on correct hand placement, compression depth, and rate to maintain circulation until further medical help arrives.
💡Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest refers to the sudden loss of heart function, which results in the cessation of blood circulation and can lead to death if not promptly treated. In the video, the mannequin is set up to simulate a patient in cardiac arrest, and the procedures to handle such a situation are being demonstrated and taught.
💡Defibrillation Pads
Defibrillation pads are adhesive devices that deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest. They are attached to the patient's chest and connected to a defibrillator machine. The script mentions that the pads have been attached, indicating preparation for the use of a defibrillator in the CPR process.
💡Airway
The airway refers to the pathway through which air enters and exits the lungs, including the nose, mouth, throat, and windpipe. Maintaining a clear airway is crucial during CPR to ensure that the patient receives sufficient oxygen. The video emphasizes the importance of positioning the patient correctly and using equipment like a mask to maintain an open airway.
💡Ventilation
Ventilation refers to the process of moving air in and out of the lungs, which is essential for providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. In the context of CPR, ventilation is achieved through rescue breaths given to the patient. The video provides instructions on how to perform these breaths effectively.
💡Compression Depth
Compression depth refers to the distance the chest is pressed down during CPR chest compressions. The correct depth is crucial for effective chest compressions, as it helps maintain blood circulation. The video specifies a compression depth of 'five to six centimeters' to ensure proper blood flow.
💡Compression Rate
Compression rate is the speed at which chest compressions are performed during CPR. A recommended rate of about 100 to 120 compressions per minute is advised for adults. The video script specifies a rate of '100 per minute' to maintain an adequate circulation.
💡Rescue Breaths
Rescue breaths are the artificial breaths given to a patient during CPR to provide oxygen when the patient is not breathing on their own. These breaths are an essential part of the CPR process and are coordinated with chest compressions. The video provides detailed instructions on how to give rescue breaths effectively.
💡Defibrillator
A defibrillator is a medical device used to administer an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm in cases of cardiac arrest. The defibrillator is an essential tool in CPR, and its use is indicated when a shock is advised. The video script mentions the defibrillator being set up and ready for use.
💡Patient Positioning
Patient positioning refers to the arrangement of the patient's body to facilitate effective CPR and ensure a clear airway. Proper positioning can make it easier to perform rescue breaths and chest compressions. The video emphasizes the importance of placing a pillow under the patient's neck to extend it and maintain the airway.
💡Oxygen Supply
An oxygen supply is a source of oxygen that can be used to assist with a patient's breathing, especially in emergency situations. In the context of CPR, an oxygen supply can be connected to a bag-mask device to provide additional oxygen during ventilation. The video mentions the use of an oxygen supply in a cardiac arrest situation.
Highlights

The session focuses on teaching the correct performance of CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest, emphasizing the importance of maintaining airway and ventilation.

The mannequin is set up to simulate a full cardiac arrest scenario with defibrillation pads attached.

Chest compressions are a key aspect of CPR, with hand position, depth, speed being crucial for maintaining circulation until help arrives.

Proper hand placement involves one hand on top of the other, interlocking them for better control and efficiency.

Elbows should be locked, and the weight should come through the heels of the hands to ensure effective compressions.

Maintaining a straight back and proper body position is essential to prevent fatigue and ensure quality compressions.

Compressions should be performed at a rate of about 100 per minute, with 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths.

Counting out loud during compressions helps maintain the correct pace and rhythm.

For ventilation, using equipment like a mask that fits the patient properly is crucial to prevent air leaks and ensure effective oxygenation.

The bag valve mask (BVM) is a useful piece of equipment that can be used with or without an oxygen supply.

Positioning the patient correctly, such as using a pillow to elevate the neck, is vital for maintaining an open airway.

When ventilating, the goal is to see the chest rise easily without much effort and without any noises coming from the airway.

In a cardiac arrest situation, the Yanko catheter can be used to clear any obstructions or secretions in the airway.

The combination of chest compressions and ventilations should be done efficiently with minimal delay between the two.

When using the defibrillator, it is important to ensure that everyone stays clear of the patient before delivering a shock.

After delivering a shock, immediate resumption of CPR is necessary until further help arrives.

Analyzing heart rhythm with the defibrillator is a critical step to determine if a shock is advised.

The session provides a comprehensive overview of CPR techniques, highlighting the importance of proper training and equipment use.

Transcripts

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CPR InstructionCardiac ArrestFirst AidHealthcare TrainingLifesaving SkillsEmergency ResponseMannequin PracticeDefibrillationVentilation TechniquesMedical Education