sin cos tan explained. Explanation using real life example | Math, Statistics for data science

codebasics
8 Jul 202110:02
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe video script presents a unique approach to understanding trigonometric functions—sine, cosine, and tangent—through real-life examples. It illustrates how a forest officer can measure a tree's height using the tangent function and explains the application of sine and cosine in everyday scenarios, such as moving a heavy package. The script emphasizes the practicality of these mathematical concepts in fields like engineering and data science, particularly in natural language processing through cosine similarity.

Takeaways
  • 🌲 The concept of sine, cosine, and tangent is introduced through a practical example of measuring the height of a tree without climbing it.
  • 📏 The teacher uses a right-angled triangle to explain the relationship between the angles and sides of the triangle, relating it to natural laws.
  • 📐 Sine (sin) is defined as the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse, and cosine (cos) as the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse.
  • 📈 Tangent (tan) is the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side and is also described as a fixed mapping in nature.
  • 🌳 The example of the forest officer demonstrates how these mathematical concepts can be applied to real-world problems, such as calculating the height of a tree.
  • 📚 The importance of understanding Pythagoras' theorem is highlighted as it forms the basis for explaining sine and cosine.
  • 📦 Another real-life example is given involving a heavy package and the application of force at an angle, showing how sine and cosine can determine the components of force.
  • 🔢 The script emphasizes that sine, cosine, and tangent have fixed values for specific angles and can be looked up on websites like rapidtables.com.
  • 🎓 The practical applications of these mathematical concepts extend beyond school into fields such as mechanical and civil engineering.
  • 💡 The video is part of a series on 'math for data science', hinting at the relevance of these concepts in areas like natural language processing and cosine similarity.
  • 👍 The video encourages viewers to engage by liking and commenting if they found the content helpful or had any questions.
Q & A
  • How does the forest officer use sine, cosine, and tangent to measure the height of a tree?

    -The forest officer uses the knowledge of sine, cosine, and tangent by measuring the distance from the tree and the angle from the ground to the top of the tree. By creating a right-angled triangle with the height as the opposite side and the distance as the adjacent side, the officer can apply the concepts of sine, cosine, and tangent to calculate the height of the tree.

  • What is the significance of the 36.87-degree angle in the context of the right-angled triangle with sides 3 and 4?

    -The 36.87-degree angle is the result of the natural law that relates the sides of a right-angled triangle. In this case, with a height of 3 and a base of 4, the angle is always 36.87 degrees, illustrating the fixed relationship between the sides and the angles in such triangles.

  • What does the term 'tangent' represent in trigonometry?

    -In trigonometry, 'tangent' (often abbreviated as 'tan') represents the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side in a right-angled triangle. It is a way to quantify the relationship between these two sides for a given angle.

  • How can one find the tangent of different angles?

    -The tangent of different angles can be found using a mapping table or by accessing a resource like rapidtables.com, which provides the tangent values for various angles. For example, the tangent of 10 degrees is 0.176, and the tangent of 30 degrees is 0.577.

  • What is the Pythagorean theorem and how does it relate to sine and cosine?

    -The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. This theorem is fundamental to understanding the relationships between the sides of a triangle, which in turn helps define sine and cosine. Sine is the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse, and cosine is the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse.

  • How can the concepts of sine and cosine be applied in real life, such as moving a heavy package?

    -In real life, sine and cosine can be used to determine the components of a force acting at an angle. For example, when moving a heavy package, one can use the sine of an angle to find the vertical component of the force (which helps overcome friction) and the cosine to find the horizontal component (which is used to pull the package). This understanding helps in applying the right amount of force efficiently.

  • What are the fixed values for sine and cosine at specific angles?

    -The values for sine and cosine at specific angles are fixed and can be looked up in a trigonometric table or found online. For instance, sine 30 degrees is always 0.5, and cosine 30 degrees is approximately 0.866.

  • How do sine, cosine, and tangent relate to data science?

    -In data science, concepts like cosine similarity are used in natural language processing and other areas. Understanding the basic principles of sine, cosine, and tangent is essential for grasping more advanced concepts like cosine similarity, which is used to measure the similarity between two vectors in a multi-dimensional space.

  • What is the role of trigonometry in engineering fields?

    -Trigonometry plays a crucial role in various engineering fields, including mechanical and civil engineering. It is used for calculating forces, analyzing structures, and solving problems involving angles and distances, which are common in the design and analysis of engineering systems.

  • How does the concept of 'opposite side' relate to sine in a right-angled triangle?

    -In a right-angled triangle, the 'opposite side' refers to the side that is opposite the angle in question. Sine is defined as the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the hypotenuse, providing a way to calculate the height of a triangle when the angle and the hypotenuse are known.

  • How does the concept of 'adjacent side' relate to cosine in a right-angled triangle?

    -In a right-angled triangle, the 'adjacent side' refers to the side that is next to the angle in question, without being the hypotenuse. Cosine is defined as the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse, which helps in determining the side lengths when the angle and hypotenuse are known.

  • What is the relationship between the angle and the sides in a right-angled triangle, according to the script?

    -The relationship between the angle and the sides in a right-angled triangle is defined by the trigonometric functions sine, cosine, and tangent. These functions establish a fixed ratio between the angle and the sides, allowing for the calculation of unknown sides or angles given the values of the others.

Outlines
00:00
🌲 Understanding Trigonometry through Real-Life Examples

This paragraph introduces the concept of trigonometry using sine, cosine, and tangent in a real-life scenario. It explains how a forest officer can measure the height of a tree without climbing it by using the relationship between the angle and the sides of a right-angled triangle. The explanation includes the use of a 30-degree angle and a 50-foot distance to calculate the tree's height using the tangent function. The paragraph emphasizes the natural laws behind these mathematical relationships and how they can be easily understood and applied, even by small kids.

05:01
📦 Applying Sine and Cosine in Daily Life

The second paragraph delves into the practical applications of sine and cosine through the example of moving a heavy package. It introduces the Pythagorean theorem as a foundation for understanding these trigonometric functions. The explanation uses a 30-degree angle and a 10-newton force to demonstrate how sine and cosine can be used to calculate the vertical and horizontal components of the force, respectively. The paragraph highlights the importance of these concepts in fields like mechanical and civil engineering and their relevance in data science, particularly in natural language processing through cosine similarity.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡sine
In the context of the video, 'sine' refers to a trigonometric function that relates the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. It is a fundamental concept in mathematics and has applications in various fields such as physics and engineering. The video uses the example of a 30-degree angle to illustrate that sine of 30 degrees is always 0.5, a constant value that can be used to calculate the vertical component of a force or the height of an object in real-world scenarios.
💡cosine
The term 'cosine' in the video script refers to another trigonometric function that represents the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. It is integral to the understanding of the relationships between angles and sides in triangles. The script provides an example where the cosine of 30 degrees equals approximately 0.866, which can be used to calculate the horizontal component of a force, such as when dragging a heavy package across a flat surface.
💡tangent
'tangent' is a trigonometric function defined in the video as the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side in a right-angled triangle. It is used to describe the steepness of a right triangle and is crucial in solving problems involving angles and side lengths. The video uses the example of calculating the height of a tree without climbing it, where the tangent of a 30-degree angle is found to be 0.577, allowing the forest officer to determine the tree's height using the distance from the tree and the angle of elevation.
💡Pythagoras theorem
The 'Pythagoras theorem' is a fundamental principle in geometry that states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. This theorem is essential for understanding the relationship between the sides of a right-angled triangle and is used in the video to explain how sine and cosine are derived from the sides of such triangles.
💡right-angled triangle
A 'right-angled triangle' is a triangle in which one of the angles is a right angle, meaning it is exactly 90 degrees. This type of triangle is central to the discussion in the video as it is the basis for defining trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, and tangent. The video uses the properties of right-angled triangles to explain how to calculate the height of a tree and the components of a force acting on an object.
💡trigonometry
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles, particularly right-angled triangles. It is the mathematical study that allows us to understand and calculate the dimensions of triangles. In the video, trigonometry is used to explain how to measure the height of a tree and the components of a force, demonstrating its practical applications in real-life situations.
💡law of nature
The term 'law of nature' in the video refers to the inherent, predictable, and consistent relationships observed in the physical world, such as the constant values of trigonometric functions for specific angles. These laws are fundamental principles that govern the behavior of natural phenomena and are used in the video to emphasize that mathematical concepts like sine, cosine, and tangent are not just abstract ideas but are grounded in observable, natural patterns.
💡angle of elevation
The 'angle of elevation' is the angle measured from a horizontal line (or a line of sight) upwards towards a target point, such as the top of a tree or a distant object. In the video, the angle of elevation is used to describe how a forest officer can measure the height of a tree without physically climbing it, by using trigonometric functions and the angle of elevation from a known distance.
💡components of force
In the context of the video, 'components of force' refers to the individual horizontal (x-direction) and vertical (y-direction) parts of a force acting on an object. These components are calculated using trigonometric functions like sine and cosine to understand how much of the applied force contributes to movement in each direction. The video illustrates this concept with the example of dragging a heavy package, where the force is split into components to overcome friction and move the package more efficiently.
💡data science
Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data. In the video, the mention of 'data science' relates to the application of trigonometric functions like cosine similarity in natural language processing, highlighting the relevance of mathematical concepts in modern fields and their role in analyzing and interpreting complex data sets.
💡natural law
The term 'natural law' in the video refers to the inherent, predictable patterns and relationships that exist in the natural world, independent of human intervention. These laws are observable and quantifiable, such as the fixed values of trigonometric functions for specific angles. The video emphasizes that mathematical concepts like sine, cosine, and tangent are derived from these natural laws, making them applicable and reliable in solving real-world problems.
Highlights

The math teacher uses a real-life example of measuring a tree's height to explain sine, cosine, and tangent.

The forest officer measures the distance and angle to calculate the tree's height without climbing it.

A right-angle triangle is used to represent the relationship between the tree's height, distance, and angle.

The concept of 'law of nature' is introduced to describe the consistent relationships in triangles with specific side lengths and angles.

Mathematicians name these relationships (like sine and cosine) based on their consistent ratios.

Tangent (tan) is defined as the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side in a right-angle triangle.

The value of tan for a 30-degree angle is 0.577, a fixed mapping in nature.

The use of a mapping table to find the tangent of any angle is mentioned, directing to rapidtables.com for further exploration.

The forest officer can calculate the tree's height using the tangent value for a 30-degree angle.

Sine and cosine are introduced as components of force in a real-life scenario of moving a heavy package.

Pythagoras theorem is explained as the foundation for understanding sine and cosine.

The force components in x and y directions are determined using sine and cosine.

Sine is defined as the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right-angle triangle.

Cosine is defined as the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse in a right-angle triangle.

The values of sine and cosine for specific angles (like 30 degrees) are considered fixed mappings in nature.

The practical application of sine, cosine, and tangent in fields like mechanical and civil engineering is emphasized.

The video is part of a series on math for data science, highlighting the relevance of these concepts in the field.

Cosine similarity, a concept derived from cosine, is mentioned as a key topic in natural language processing within data science.

The video encourages viewers to engage by trying out the concepts and exploring the provided website for further understanding.

Transcripts
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