CAUSES of MIGRATION from 1750-1900 [AP World History Review—Unit 6 Topic 6]
TLDRBetween 1750 and 1900, significant migration occurred due to industrialization, leading to demographic changes and increased global population. Rural populations, facing poverty and unemployment due to mechanized farming, migrated to urban areas for industrial jobs. Famines, like the Irish Potato Famine, also drove people to seek better lives elsewhere. New transportation technologies, such as steamships and railroads, facilitated these movements, resulting in urbanization and the growth of cities. Economic factors, including the need for work and the global demand for cheap labor, further propelled migration, with some moving freely for job opportunities while others were coerced into labor systems like indentured servitude.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Global population explosion from 1850 to 1914, especially in rural areas, due to increased life spans and continued childbirth.
- 🌾 Rural unemployment due to industrialization and mechanization of farming led to migration, as people moved to urban areas in search of industrial jobs.
- 🌍 Famines, such as the Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s, caused mass migration as people sought to escape starvation and economic hardship.
- 🚂 New transportation technologies like railroads and steamships facilitated migration both within countries and internationally, leading to urbanization and the growth of cities.
- 🏙️ Urbanization was characterized by a significant increase in city populations, as migrants sought manufacturing jobs in urban centers.
- 🚢 The availability of cheap transportation allowed some migrants to return home after working abroad, as seen with Lebanese merchants in Argentina and Brazil.
- 💼 Economic causes for migration included people moving to find work, with some relocating freely based on personal decisions and others being forced due to economic necessity.
- 🇮🇳 Indentured servitude emerged as a semi-coerced labor arrangement to fill the gap left by the abolition of outright slavery, with indentured Indians and Chinese being used in various colonial holdings.
- 🇦🇺 Convict labor was used in penal colonies established by the British and French, as an alternative to imprisoning convicts at home.
- 🛠️ Millions of Irish, Italian, and German immigrants relocated to the urban centers of the United States, while Chinese immigrants moved to the west coast for work in the railroad industry.
- 🌍 The period from 1750 to 1900 was marked by significant demographic, environmental, and economic changes that influenced patterns of migration and urbanization.
Q & A
What was a significant cause of migration during the period 1750 to 1900?
-A significant cause of migration during this period was the demographic change, which included the global population explosion due to increased lifespans from new medicines and varied diets, leading to more people out of jobs in rural areas and thus pushing them to migrate to cities for industrial jobs.
How did industrialization contribute to the increase in population during the 19th century?
-Industrialization contributed to the increase in population by improving farming mechanization and providing new medicines and varied diets, which in turn increased people's lifespans. As a result, people continued to have children, leading to a population explosion.
What was the impact of rural poverty on migration patterns in the 19th century?
-Rural poverty pushed people to migrate elsewhere in search of jobs, leading to a mass movement to urban centers where industrial jobs were abundant. This contributed to urbanization and the growth of cities during this period.
What were the effects of the Irish Potato Famine on migration?
-The Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s led to widespread starvation and death among the Irish poor. It also resulted in millions of Irish people emigrating to urban centers in the United States and other places to escape the famine.
How did new transportation technologies facilitate migration during the 19th century?
-New transportation technologies such as railroads and steamships provided cheaper and more accessible options for people to travel, both within their own countries and internationally. This facilitated the wave of migrations to urban centers and colonial territories where manufacturing jobs were abundant.
What was the role of urbanization in migration during the period 1750 to 1900?
-Urbanization played a significant role as it led to the massive growth of cities. Many migrants, both domestic and international, settled in urban centers where manufacturing jobs were plentiful, resulting in a large increase in urban populations.
How did transportation technologies affect return migration during the 19th and early 20th centuries?
-The cheap transportation technologies, particularly steamships, allowed many migrants who had initially left their homes to return after spending time abroad for economic opportunities or to escape religious persecution. This was especially true for Lebanese merchants who migrated to places like Argentina and Brazil and were able to return home frequently.
What were the two types of job-seeking migration during the period 1750 to 1900?
-The two types of job-seeking migration were voluntary migration, where individuals freely relocated based on their own decisions and needs, and forced migration, where people were compelled to move for work due to economic pressures or as part of a system of coerced or semi-coerced labor.
How did the Atlantic slave trade contribute to forced migration during the period?
-The Atlantic slave trade was a significant cause of forced migration at the beginning of the period, as it involved the movement of people against their will for labor. Although many states would later abolish slavery, it remained a major factor in the forced movement of people during the early part of the 19th century.
What is an example of semi-coerced labor migration during the 19th century?
-Indentured servitude is an example of semi-coerced labor migration. Laborers would sign contracts to work for a set number of years in exchange for free passage to their destination. This practice was used to fill the labor gap left by the abolition of outright slavery, with indentured Indians and Chinese being sent to various parts of the British Empire, for instance.
Outlines
🌍 Causes of Migration (1750-1900)
This paragraph discusses the causes of migration during the period 1750 to 1900, emphasizing the impact of industrialization. It highlights the significant demographic changes, such as the population explosion in Europe due to improved medical care and diets, leading to increased life spans and job scarcity in rural areas. The paragraph also mentions the role of famine, particularly the Irish Potato Famine, in driving migration. Furthermore, it explores how new transportation technologies, like railroads and steamships, facilitated migration both within countries and internationally, leading to urbanization and the growth of cities.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Migration
💡Industrialization
💡Demographic Change
💡Famine
💡Transportation Technology
💡Urbanization
💡Economic Causes
💡Coerced Labor
💡Indentured Servitude
💡Religious Persecution
💡Global Economy
Highlights
Migration from 1750 to 1900 was significantly influenced by industrialization.
Global population explosion due to increased lifespans and continued high birth rates.
Rural areas experienced a surplus of population as industrialization mechanized farming, leading to joblessness.
Urbanization was fueled by rural to urban migration as people sought industrial jobs.
Famines, such as the Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s, were a major cause of migration.
New transportation technologies like railroads and steamships facilitated migration both within countries and internationally.
Migrants often settled in urban centers where manufacturing jobs were abundant.
Some migrants took advantage of cheap transportation to return to their home countries.
Economic causes for migration included people moving to find work, with some relocating freely and others due to coercion.
The Atlantic slave trade and convict labor were examples of coerced labor during this period.
Indentured servitude emerged as a semi-coerced labor arrangement filling the gap left by the abolition of outright slavery.
British government facilitated the migration of indentured Indians to various parts of their empire due to poverty concerns.
Chinese indentured servants were utilized in British tin mines in Malaysia as a result of their poverty at home.
The period saw a massive growth in cities with European cities experiencing significant population increases.
Millions of Irish, Italian, and German immigrants relocated to the urban centers of the east coast of America.
Chinese immigrants moved to the western coast of America to work in the booming railroad industry.
The globalized economy relied on both coerced and semi-coerced labor, despite the abolition of slavery.
The demographic changes, famines, and political turmoil were not new, but the availability of cheap transportation made migration more accessible.
Transcripts
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