4.81 | In a common medical laboratory determination of the concentration of free chloride ion in

The Glaser Tutoring Company
23 Feb 202209:23
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThe video script outlines a chemistry experiment to determine the concentration of chloride ions in blood serum using titration with mercury nitrate. It explains the balanced chemical equation, the stoichiometric ratio between mercury nitrate and chloride ions, and the process of converting molarity and volume to moles. The video guides through the calculation, starting with the titration data, using the balanced equation to find the moles of chloride, and finally determining the molarity of chloride ions in the serum sample, resulting in a concentration of 9.6 x 10^-3 M.

Takeaways
  • 🧪 The video is about determining the concentration of free chloride ions in blood serum using a titration method with Hg(NO3)2.
  • 📝 The balanced chemical equation is crucial for understanding the stoichiometric relationship between Hg(NO3)2 and Cl- ions.
  • 🔍 The experiment involves a 0.25 mL sample of normal serum that requires 1.46 mL of 8.25 × 10^-4 M Hg(NO3)2 to reach the endpoint.
  • 📐 The molarity of the Hg(NO3)2 solution is used to calculate the moles of Hg(NO3)2 used in the titration.
  • ⚗️ Moles are calculated using the formula: moles = molarity × volume (in liters), where volume is converted from mL to liters by dividing by 1000.
  • 🔄 The stoichiometry of the reaction is used to find the moles of Cl- ions based on the moles of Hg(NO3)2.
  • 📉 The ratio of moles of Hg(NO3)2 to Cl- is 1:2, which is used to convert the moles of Hg(NO3)2 to moles of Cl-.
  • 📚 The final step is to find the molarity of Cl- ions in the serum sample using the formula: molarity = moles / volume (in liters).
  • 📉 The volume of the serum sample is also converted from mL to liters for the calculation.
  • 🔢 The final answer for the concentration of Cl- ions is given as 9.6 × 10^-3 M, with a focus on maintaining significant figures.
  • 👍 The video aims to help viewers understand the process and encourages engagement through comments and subscriptions.
Q & A

  • What is the purpose of the experiment described in the script?

    -The purpose of the experiment is to determine the concentration of free chloride ions in blood serum using a titration method with Hg(NO3)2 solution.

  • What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chloride ions and mercury nitrate?

    -The balanced chemical equation is 2Hg(NO3)2 + 2Cl- → Hg2Cl2 + 2NO3-, indicating that two moles of Hg(NO3)2 react with two moles of Cl- to form one mole of Hg2Cl2 and two moles of NO3-.

  • How much volume of Hg(NO3)2 solution is used in the experiment?

    -1.46 mL of Hg(NO3)2 solution is used in the experiment.

  • What is the molarity of the Hg(NO3)2 solution used in the titration?

    -The molarity of the Hg(NO3)2 solution is 8.25 × 10^-4 M.

  • What sample volume of normal serum is used for the titration?

    -A 0.25 mL sample of normal serum is used for the titration.

  • How is the molarity of the Hg(NO3)2 solution converted from mL to L for the calculation?

    -The mL is converted to L by dividing by 1000, resulting in 0.00146 L.

  • What is the method to calculate the moles of Hg(NO3)2 used in the titration?

    -The moles of Hg(NO3)2 are calculated by multiplying the molarity by the volume in liters (moles = molarity × volume in liters).

  • How are the moles of Cl- determined from the moles of Hg(NO3)2?

    -The moles of Cl- are determined by using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation, which is 2 moles of Cl- for every 1 mole of Hg(NO3)2, thus the moles of Hg(NO3)2 are multiplied by 2.

  • What is the final step to find the molarity of Cl- in the serum sample?

    -The final step is to divide the moles of Cl- by the volume of the serum sample in liters to find the molarity of Cl-.

  • What is the calculated molarity of Cl- in the serum sample?

    -The calculated molarity of Cl- in the serum sample is 9.6 × 10^-3 M.

  • How does the video script guide the viewer through the titration process and calculations?

    -The script provides a step-by-step explanation of the titration process, including the balanced chemical equation, the conversion of units, the calculation of moles, and the final determination of molarity using stoichiometry and molarity formulas.

Outlines
00:00
🧪 Determination of Chloride Ion Concentration in Serum

This paragraph details a laboratory procedure for determining the concentration of chloride ions in blood serum. A 0.25 mL sample of normal serum is titrated with Hg(NO3)2 solution. The video explains the chemical reaction involved, where mercury nitrate reacts with chloride ions to form HgCl2. The presenter uses a balanced chemical equation to set up a ratio for the stoichiometric relationship between Hg(NO3)2 and Cl-. The video then demonstrates the calculation process, starting with the volume and molarity of the titrant to find the moles of Hg(NO3)2 used. By applying the mole ratio from the balanced equation, the moles of Cl- are determined. Finally, the molarity of Cl- in the serum sample is calculated by dividing the moles of Cl- by the volume of the serum sample in liters, resulting in the concentration of chloride ions.

05:03
📚 Calculation of Moles and Final Molarity of Chloride Ions

The second paragraph continues the explanation of the laboratory procedure, focusing on the calculation of moles of the reactants and the final molarity of chloride ions. The presenter starts by converting the volume of the titrant from milliliters to liters and then calculates the moles of Hg(NO3)2 used in the titration. Using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced chemical equation, the moles of Cl- are found by doubling the moles of Hg(NO3)2. The video then shows the conversion of the serum sample volume from milliliters to liters to find the molarity of Cl-. The final step is the division of the moles of Cl- by the volume of the serum sample in liters to obtain the molarity of chloride ions, which is presented as the answer to the problem with an emphasis on significant figures, resulting in a final molarity of 9.6 × 10^-3 M for Cl-.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Chloride Ion
The chloride ion, denoted as Cl^-, is an anion that results from the chloride element when it gains an electron. In the context of the video, it is the subject of the titration process in the medical laboratory to determine its concentration in blood serum. The video script describes a titration process where the chloride ion reacts with mercury nitrate, Hg(NO3)2, to form the compound HgCl2, indicating its importance in the analysis.
💡Titration
Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by reacting it with a solution of known concentration. In the video, the process involves titrating a serum sample with Hg(NO3)2 solution to find the concentration of free chloride ions. The video script details the steps and calculations involved in this process.
💡Mercury Nitrate (Hg(NO3)2)
Mercury nitrate is a chemical compound used in the video's described titration process to react with chloride ions. It is a key reagent in determining the concentration of chloride ions in the serum sample. The video script mentions its molarity and volume used in the titration to reach the endpoint.
💡Molarity
Molarity is a measure of concentration that indicates the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution. The video script uses molarity to describe the concentration of the mercury nitrate solution and to calculate the concentration of chloride ions in the serum sample.
💡Milliliters (mL)
Milliliters are a unit of volume measurement, where 1 milliliter is equal to one-thousandth of a liter. In the script, volumes of the serum sample and mercury nitrate solution are given in milliliters, which are then converted to liters for the molarity calculations.
💡Equivalence Point
The equivalence point in a titration is the point at which the moles of the titrant and the analyte are stoichiometrically equivalent, resulting in a complete reaction. The video script refers to the endpoint, which is near the equivalence point, as the point where the reaction is just complete.
💡Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. The video script discusses the stoichiometric ratio between mercury nitrate and chloride ions, which is crucial for calculating the moles of chloride ions from the moles of mercury nitrate used.
💡Moles
Moles are a unit in chemistry that represents the amount of a substance, typically used in conjunction with the mole concept to quantify reactions. The video script calculates the moles of mercury nitrate to relate it to the moles of chloride ions through the balanced chemical equation.
💡Balanced Equation
A balanced chemical equation is an equation that has an equal number of atoms for each element on both sides. The video script uses the balanced equation of the reaction between mercury nitrate and chloride ions to determine the ratio of moles of reactants and products.
💡Concentration
In the context of the video, concentration refers to the molarity of the chloride ions in the serum sample. The script details the process of calculating this concentration from the known concentration of the titrant and the volume of serum sample titrated.
💡Significant Figures
Significant figures are the digits in a number that carry meaningful information about its precision. The video script mentions the importance of maintaining the correct number of significant figures in the final answer to ensure the accuracy of the calculated concentration of chloride ions.
Highlights

Determination of free chloride ion concentration in blood serum using titration with Hg(NO3)2.

Use of a balanced chemical equation to facilitate the stoichiometric relationship between reactants.

Titration of a 0.25 mL sample of normal serum requiring 1.46 mL of Hg(NO3)2 solution.

Conversion of mL of titrant to L by dividing by 1000 to work with molarity calculations.

Calculation of moles of Hg(NO3)2 using molarity and volume.

Application of the balanced equation to find the moles of chloride ions based on the moles of Hg(NO3)2.

Understanding that the endpoint of titration is slightly beyond the equivalence point.

Using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation to convert moles of Hg(NO3)2 to moles of Cl-.

Conversion of the 0.25 mL serum sample volume to liters for molarity calculation.

Final calculation of chloride ion molarity in the serum sample.

Emphasis on the importance of significant figures in scientific calculations.

Final answer of chloride ion concentration is 9.6 x 10^-3 M.

Encouragement for viewers to comment, subscribe, and share the educational content.

The video provides a step-by-step guide for students preparing for tests and quizzes.

Explanation of the process to convert volume units and calculate moles for titration analysis.

Demonstration of how to use molarity and volume to find the moles of a substance in a solution.

Instruction on utilizing the balanced chemical equation to relate different compounds in a titration reaction.

Transcripts

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Chloride ConcentrationSerum AnalysisTitration MethodLaboratory TechniqueChemical BalanceMolarity CalculationScientific TutorialEducational ContentHealth ScienceMedical Lab