Storming Antarctica (Full Episode) | Continent 7: Antarctica

National Geographic
22 Jul 202147:20
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRTeams of scientists traverse the treacherous Antarctic terrain to conduct critical research, braving deadly crevasses, unpredictable storms, and frigid temperatures. Their discoveries about climate change, volcanoes, whales, and more, come at great personal risk. Despite the continent's hostility towards human life, the explorers push on, driven by the belief their work can change the world for the better.

Takeaways
  • 😱 Antarctica is Earth's least explored and understood continent with extreme cold and winds
  • πŸ§‘β€πŸ”¬ Teams of scientists and survival experts join forces to study climate change impacts
  • 🚧 They face threats from hidden crevasses, storms, and other dangerous conditions
  • πŸ‘©β€πŸ”¬ The Ross Ice Shelf team drives over 200 miles south to study melting and sea level rise
  • πŸ—ΊοΈ They use ground penetrating radar to detect deadly hidden cracks in the ice
  • πŸ’¨ The Mt. Erebus team studies an active volcano to predict future eruptions
  • 🚁 Their survival depends on helicopters landing safely amid hidden crevasses
  • 🐳 Dr. Friedlaender's team studies whales to understand the Antarctic food chain
  • πŸ€– They use drones and sensors to measure whale sizes and behavior
  • ❄️ Despite the harsh conditions, research in Antarctica could have global impacts
Q & A
  • What is the Ross Ice Shelf and why is it important?

    -The Ross Ice Shelf is the largest floating mass of ice in the world, attached to Antarctica. It holds back glaciers on Antarctica and if it were to collapse, it could lead to over 6 meters of sea level rise globally.

  • What are some of the hazards the Ross Ice Shelf team faces?

    -Key hazards include extreme cold temperatures, high winds, whiteout conditions with low visibility, and hidden crevasses that vehicles and people can fall through.

  • Why is Mount Erebus an extreme environment for scientists to work in?

    -Mount Erebus is an active volcano with glacier ice covering crevasses that create treacherous landing conditions. Scientists have to check areas on foot before landing helicopters. Rapidly changing weather is also a threat.

  • What kind of technology does the Ross Ice Shelf team use to detect crevasses?

    -They use ground penetrating radar mounted on a long boom attached to their vehicle. It can detect gaps and void spaces deep under the snow surface indicating hidden crevasses.

  • What do scientists hope to learn by studying humpback whales in Antarctica?

    -They want to understand how climate change and declining sea ice is impacting the population's food supply and reproduction rates to predict the ability of humpbacks to survive ongoing changes.

  • How does waste get handled at Scott Base in Antarctica?

    -There is a wastewater treatment plant that processes sewage and waste. Almost everything gets sent back to New Zealand to minimize environmental impact in Antarctica.

  • What happened to Robert Falcon Scott and his team?

    -Scott and his team froze to death in Antarctica in 1912 after being caught in extreme weather while returning from the South Pole. The tents used today are named after Scott.

  • Why is the Shear Zone considered the most dangerous area for the Ross Ice Shelf team?

    -The Shear Zone has extensive crevassing where two large ice masses meet and shift against each other. Large snow bridges hide extremely deep cracks that vehicles could break through.

  • How could the changing climate impact food supply worldwide?

    -It could cause sharp declines in krill populations that feed fish and whales in Antarctica. This could collapse food chains supporting global fishing industries that provide food for billions of people.

  • How might a warming climate in Antarctica threaten human settlements?

    -Sea level rise from melting Antarctic ice sheets could wipe out coastal infrastructure and houses. Just 10 cm could overwhelm storm drainage and flood neighborhoods in places like South Dunedin, New Zealand.

Outlines
00:00
πŸŽ₯ Introducing Antarctica, the Coldest Place on Earth

The opening paragraph sets the scene in Antarctica, describing it as the least explored and understood continent, with extreme cold temperatures and barely anything that can survive there. However, humanity is still trying to establish a presence there despite the worst conditions on Earth.

05:00
πŸ€” The Ross Ice Shelf's Secrets and Connections to Sea Level Rise

The second paragraph introduces the Ross Ice Shelf team and their goal to study the ice shelf's past reactions to climate change, so they can try to predict future melting and sea level rise. The ice shelf is important because its collapse could cause up to 7 meters of sea level rise globally.

10:01
🌑️ Studying Antarctica's Most Active Volcano, Mt. Erebus

The third paragraph focuses on the Mt. Erebus team, who are studying Antarctica's most active volcano by helicoptering to different sites to plant instruments. Their goal is to create a composite 3D image of the inner workings of the volcano to better understand eruption signals.

15:06
πŸ‹ Tracking Whales and Krill to Understand Future Seafood Supply

The fourth paragraph introduces Dr. Ari Friedlaender, who is studying humpback and minke whales to understand how climate change impacts krill, an important food source for whales and indirectly for global seafood supply through the food chain.

20:07
πŸ‘£ Navigating Deadly Hidden Crevasses to Reach Remote Ice Shelf

In the fifth paragraph, the Ross Ice Shelf team begins their journey across dangerous terrain with hidden crevasses. They use ground penetrating radar to detect cracks under the snow and carefully navigate this "shear zone" on their way to study the remote ice shelf.

25:09
😰 Crossing a Massive Crevasse Field in Treacherous Conditions

The sixth paragraph sees the Ross Ice Shelf team stopped atop a large hidden crevasse in the shear zone. The safety experts probe the area and determine a safe crossing point only 15cm wide, allowing the team to safely traverse this field of deathly cracks.

30:10
❄️ Braving Deteriorating Weather on a Historic Expedition

In the seventh paragraph, the Ross Ice Shelf team has crossed the shear zone but now faces an incoming storm. They push onwards as long as possible but eventually must stop and set up shelter in tents, all while weather threatens to end their historic expedition.

35:11
🎯 Chasing Elusive Whales to Attach High-Tech Monitoring Tags

The eighth paragraph shows Dr. Friedlaender's challenges with tagging whales, including close calls nearly flipping his boat. But they eventually succeed in attaching a monitoring tag to better understand whale behavior, health, and responses to climate change.

40:11
πŸ€– Using Drones for An Unprecedented View of Whales

The ninth paragraph covers Dr. Friedlaender's specialist using a drone for aerial footage of whales, allowing unique measurements and scaling to better assess whale body condition and health impacted by environmental changes.

45:16
❄️ Whiteout Conditions Cut Mt. Erebus Mission Short

In the final tenth paragraph, deteriorating weather causes the Mt. Erebus team to quickly wrap up their volcano sensor installation and get picked up by helicopter just in time before total whiteout conditions.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘crevasse
A deep crack or fissure in ice, often hidden under a layer of snow. Crevasses pose a major danger to teams traveling on the ice, like the Ross Ice Shelf expedition. Detecting and safely crossing crevasses is critical to survival. The video shows teams using ground penetrating radar and careful probing to find safe routes.
πŸ’‘shear zone
An area between two shifting masses of ice with intense crevassing. The Ross Ice Shelf team must cross a perilous shear zone, relying on safety experts Tom and Rob to scout a safe route.
πŸ’‘storm
Sudden, extreme weather is common in Antarctica. An incoming storm threatens both the Ross Ice Shelf and Mt. Erebus teams, forcing them to cut operations short and take shelter.
πŸ’‘krill
Tiny, shrimp-like creatures that whales feed on. Changes in sea ice affect krill distribution, in turn impacting the whale food supply. So studying whales helps measure climate impacts.
πŸ’‘tagging
Attaching sensors to whales to track their movements and behavior. This helps Ari's team relate whale ecology to larger climate impacts in Antarctica.
πŸ’‘crevasse rescue
Emergency response plan if a vehicle falls into a crevasse. Tom and Rob carry equipment for quickly pulling people out of holes in the ice to prevent lethal hypothermia.
πŸ’‘shear zone
An area between two shifting masses of ice with intense crevassing. The Ross Ice Shelf team must cross a perilous shear zone, relying on safety experts Tom and Rob to scout a safe route.
πŸ’‘ground penetrating radar
A sensor to detect hidden crevasses. Tom and Rob outfit their vehicle with radar to probe the depth and structure of ice ahead of them, revealing hazards.
πŸ’‘climate change
Rising temperatures driving rapid changes in Antarctica - key theme of video. Research projects aim to understand impacts on glaciers, sea level, wildlife to predict future change.
πŸ’‘krill
Tiny, shrimp-like creatures that whales feed on. Changes in sea ice affect krill distribution, in turn impacting the whale food supply. So studying whales helps measure climate impacts.
Highlights

Team travels 220 miles across Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf to study how it reacts to climate change

Shear Zone area contains massive hidden crevasses that can swallow vehicles

Custom vehicles called HΓ€gglunds used for traversing rough Antarctic ice

Radar boom on vehicle detects crevasses up to 49 feet underground

Scott Base coordinated global effort to minimize human impact on Antarctica

Study aims to understand whales' ecosystem and response to climate change

Krill population decline threatens food supply for whales and humans

Inflatable boat approaches 66,000 lb humpback whale to attach tracking tag

Drone gives aerial view to find whales and estimate their size

Crevasses on Mt. Erebus threaten helicopter landing safety

Sensors measure electric and magnetic fields to scan volcano's inner structure

Survival bags with tents and sleeping bags in case team gets stranded

Legendary explorer Robert Falcon Scott froze to death in Antarctic tent

Incoming storm threatens Ross Ice Shelf team's tents

Antarctica's unpredictable weather is the ultimate decision maker

Transcripts
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