Naming Amides - IUPAC Nomenclature
TLDRThis instructional video explores the nomenclature of amides, starting with simple examples like ethane and progressing to complex structures with multiple rings and substituents. It explains the process of naming amides by dropping the 'e' from the alkane base name and adding '-amide', and includes the naming of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides with various substituents like methyl and ethyl groups. The video also covers the naming of amides attached to cyclohexane and benzene rings, providing a comprehensive guide to the systematic approach to amide nomenclature.
Takeaways
- 🔍 The script is a lesson on how to name amides, starting with a simple example of a two-carbon amide named ethane, which becomes ethanamide when the 'e' is dropped and 'amide' is added.
- 📚 The common name for a two-carbon amide is acetamide, which might be found in organic chemistry textbooks.
- 🔢 For amides with more carbons, the naming involves counting the total number of carbons in the parent chain and replacing the corresponding alkane name's 'e' with 'amide'.
- 🔄 The position of substituents like methyl groups is indicated by a number, such as '2-methyl' for a methyl group on carbon 2.
- 🔄🔄 When multiple substituents are present, they are listed alphabetically and indicated by prefixes like 'di-' for two of the same group, as in 'N,3-dimethylbutanamide'.
- 🔄🔄🔄 For different substituents, they are named in alphabetical order, such as 'N-ethyl-N-methylheptanamide'.
- 🔄💧 When a ring structure like cyclohexane is involved, the ring is named first, followed by 'carboxamide', as in 'cyclohexanecarboxamide'.
- 🔄🌐 With benzene rings, the amide group attached to the ring is named as 'benzamide', and substituents on the nitrogen or the ring are indicated with their respective positions.
- 🔄🌐🔗 In cases where multiple rings are present, each ring is named and the substituents are indicated according to their positions, as in 'N-phenylbenzamide'.
- 🔄🌐🔗💧 For more complex molecules with multiple functional groups, the longest chain is identified, and substituents are named in alphabetical order with their positions, such as '4-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-N-phenyl octanamide'.
- 🔄🌐🔗💧🔗 Amides with multiple amide groups, such as 'hexanediamide', are named based on the carbon chain length and the number of amide groups present.
Q & A
What is the basic rule for naming a two-carbon amide?
-For a two-carbon amide, the name 'ethane' is associated with two carbons, but in the case of amides, you drop the 'e' and add the suffix 'amide', resulting in the name 'ethanamide'.
What is the common name for 'ethanamide'?
-The common name for 'ethanamide' is 'acetamide', which might be seen in organic chemistry textbooks.
How do you name an amide with three carbons?
-For an amide with three carbons, the name is derived from 'propane' by dropping the 'e' and adding 'amide', resulting in 'propanamide'.
What is the name of the amide with a five-carbon parent chain and a methyl group on carbon 2?
-The name of the amide is '2-methylpentanamide', which indicates the presence of a methyl group on the second carbon of the five-carbon chain.
How do you determine if an amide is primary, secondary, or tertiary?
-An amide is classified as primary if the nitrogen atom is attached to one carbon, secondary if it is attached to two carbons, and tertiary if it is attached to three carbons.
What is the name of the secondary amide with a four-carbon chain and a methyl group on carbon 3?
-The name of this secondary amide is '3-methylbutanamide', indicating the four-carbon chain and the methyl group on the third carbon.
What is the name of the amide with two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom and a four-carbon chain?
-The name of this amide is 'N,N-dimethylbutanamide', indicating the two methyl groups on the nitrogen and the four-carbon chain.
How do you name an amide with a cyclohexane ring and an amide functional group?
-An amide with a cyclohexane ring and an amide functional group is named 'cyclohexanecarboxamide'.
What is the name for an amide with a benzene group and an amide group attached to it?
-An amide with a benzene group and an amide group is named 'benzamide'.
How do you name an amide with a benzene ring, a methyl group on the nitrogen, and another methyl group on the benzene ring?
-The name for this amide is 'N,N-dimethylbenzamide', indicating the two methyl groups, one on the nitrogen and one on the benzene ring.
What is the name for an amide with two benzene rings, one attached to the nitrogen and the other to the carbonyl group?
-The name for this amide is 'anilinobenzenamide', indicating the benzene ring attached to the nitrogen (anilino) and the benzene ring with the amide group.
How do you name a complex amide with a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, and a substituent on the parent chain?
-The name for this complex amide would be '4-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-N-phenyl octanamide', indicating the substituents and the parent chain.
What is the name for an amide with a hexane carbon chain and two amide groups?
-An amide with a hexane carbon chain and two amide groups is named 'hexanediamide'.
Outlines
🧪 Basics of Naming Amides
This paragraph introduces the basic principles of naming amides, starting with the simple example of a two-carbon amide called ethane, which is renamed as ethanamide by dropping the 'e' and adding 'amide'. It then moves on to discuss how to name amides with different carbon counts and substituents, such as methyl groups, and how to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary amides based on the nitrogen atom's attachment to carbon atoms. The paragraph uses the example of a 2-methylpentanamide to illustrate the naming process.
🔍 Advanced Amides Nomenclature
This section delves into more complex amide nomenclature, including amides with benzene rings and cyclohexane rings. It explains how to name amides attached to these rings, such as cyclohexanecarboxamide and benzamide. The paragraph also covers how to name amides with multiple substituents, like an N,N-dimethyl butanamide, and those with multiple benzene rings, such as diphenylmethanamide. It emphasizes the importance of alphabetical order when naming substituents and provides an example of a complex molecule with a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring, and a bromine substituent, resulting in the name 4-bromo-N-cyclohexyl-N-phenyloctanamide.
📚 Final Thoughts on Amide Nomenclature
The final paragraph wraps up the lesson on amide nomenclature by presenting an example of a molecule with two amide functional groups, resulting in the name hexane diamide. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the basic principles of naming amides, as demonstrated throughout the video, and thanks the viewers for watching. This paragraph serves as a conclusion to the tutorial, summarizing the key points and reinforcing the learning objectives.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Amide
💡Ethane
💡Propanamide
💡Primary Amide
💡Secondary Amide
💡Tertiary Amide
💡Cyclohexane Ring
💡Benzene Ring
💡Methyl Group
💡Ethyl Group
💡Naming Conventions
Highlights
Introduction to naming amides with a simple example of a two-carbon amide named ethane, which becomes ethanamide.
Common name for a two-carbon amide is acetamide, often seen in organic chemistry textbooks.
Naming amides by dropping the 'e' from the parent alkane name and adding '-amide'.
Propanamide is the IUPAC name for a three-carbon amide, with 'propane' modified to 'propan'.
2-methylpentanamide is named by identifying the longest chain and substituents like a methyl group on carbon 2.
Primary amides have the nitrogen atom attached to only one carbon.
Secondary amides have the nitrogen atom attached to two carbon atoms.
Tertiary amides have the nitrogen atom attached to three carbon atoms.
N,3-dimethylbutanamide is an example of a secondary amide with two methyl groups on the nitrogen.
Naming amides with substituents involves alphabetizing the substituent names.
Cyclohexane and benzene rings can be part of the parent chain in amides, named as cyclohexanamide and benzamide respectively.
Methyl groups on both the nitrogen and the benzene ring are indicated as N,N-dimethyl in the name.
Biphenyl amides are named by combining the benzene rings and amide functional group into one name.
Complex examples involve multiple rings and substituents, named by identifying the longest chain and substituents in alphabetical order.
Hexanediamide is an example of a compound with two amide functional groups on a hexane chain.
The video provides a comprehensive guide to naming amides with various examples and explanations.
Transcripts
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