All IGCSE Physics Equations you need to know for the new syllabus

This paragraph provides a comprehensive review of physics equations essential for the IGCSE board exams in 2023, including new topics from space physics. It begins with the equations of motion, explaining the difference between displacement (a vector quantity) and speed (a scalar quantity), and how they relate to velocity. The paragraph delves into the concept of acceleration as the rate of change of velocity over time, and how it's mathematically represented as the second derivative of displacement with respect to time. It also covers the relationship between gravitational force, weight, and mass, highlighting the standard gravity value on Earth. The 'suvat' equations are introduced, which are useful for solving problems involving motion in later studies. The paragraph concludes with a brief overview of additional physics concepts such as density, pressure, force, momentum, and energy conservation in different systems, setting a foundation for further study at the A-level.

The second paragraph focuses on the principles of energy, work, and thermodynamics. It starts with the concept of work done, equating it to force applied over a distance, and introduces the cosine theta factor for considering perpendicular distances. The paragraph then explains various forms of energy including kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and elastic potential energy, all measured in joules. It discusses energy conservation in isolated systems, using the example of a pendulum to illustrate the conversion between kinetic and potential energy. The paragraph also covers power as the rate of energy transfer, measured in watts, and touches on temperature conversions between Kelvin and Celsius. It concludes with an introduction to latent heat and specific heat capacity, which are essential for understanding phase changes and temperature increases in substances, respectively.

This paragraph introduces space physics and the electromagnetic spectrum. It begins with the concept of the average orbital speed of celestial bodies, relating it to the radius and period of orbit. The Hubble constant is introduced as a measure of the rate at which galaxies are moving away from Earth, with its value given as approximately 2.2 times 10 to the power of minus 18 seconds. The paragraph also presents a visual mnemonic for the electromagnetic spectrum, highlighting the order of increasing frequency and energy, and decreasing wavelength. The properties of different types of radiation, such as infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, and gamma radiation, are briefly discussed, emphasizing their frequency, energy, and penetrating abilities. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of electricity and magnetism, including fundamental equations related to charge, current, resistance, power, and voltage, as well as the principles of transformers and nuclear physics.

The final paragraph delves into nuclear physics, starting with a basic overview of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that protons and neutrons are not fundamental but composed of quarks, and electrons are classified as leptons. The paragraph then discusses different types of radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma radiation, detailing their properties such as charge, mass, speed, and ionizing effects. Nuclear decay equations are introduced, explaining how elements transform through processes like alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay. The paragraph concludes with an exploration of space physics, touching upon the Hubble constant and its implications for understanding the expansion of the universe.