Repartimiento y encomiendas

Maydi-educapr
28 Mar 202105:23
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe video script delves into the historical context of the indigenous Taíno people's enslavement through the Spanish colonial systems of repartimiento and encomienda. It begins with Christopher Columbus' establishment of the repartimiento system in the Spanish territories, which led to unequal land distribution and conflict with the colonists. The system was officially sanctioned by the Catholic Monarchs in 1503, but it was replaced by the encomienda system under the new governor, Fray Nicolás de Ovando. This system aimed to Christianize the indigenous people but primarily exploited them for labor, particularly in gold extraction and construction. The Laws of Burgos in 1512 outlined the responsibilities of the encomenderos (those granted the encomienda) towards the indigenous people. In Puerto Rico, the distribution of indigenous people began in 1509 under Juan Ponce de León's new agreement with Ovando, to provide labor for gold extraction. The indigenous women played a significant role in the gold extraction process using a sieve-like tool called a batea. The gold was collected and periodically melted down, with a portion, known as the 'quinto real' (royal fifth), going to the Spanish Crown. The mining cycle began to decline between 1530 and 1540, and the Taínos were compensated with clothing. The video provides a glimpse into the complex and exploitative systems that shaped the early colonial period in the Americas.

Takeaways
  • 🗓️ The repartimiento system, which distributed indigenous people to Spanish colonists, began with Christopher Columbus and was later replaced by the encomienda system.
  • 👑 The encomienda system was sanctioned by the Catholic Monarchs in 1503 and aimed to enslave indigenous people by forcing them to obey Spanish colonizers.
  • 🛠️ The purpose of the encomienda system was to Christianize the indigenous people and use them as labor for tasks such as gold extraction and construction.
  • 👮‍♂️ The Spanish colonizers who were given indigenous people under the encomienda system were called encomenderos and were responsible for the welfare of their charges.
  • 📜 The Laws of Burgos, established in 1512, consisted of 35 ordinances that set out the responsibilities of encomenderos towards the indigenous people.
  • 📍 In Puerto Rico, the distribution of indigenous people began in 1509 when Juan Ponce de León signed a new agreement with Ovando to obtain labor for gold extraction.
  • 🏺 The extraction of gold involved the use of a batea, a mesh container used by indigenous women to wash the earth and collect gold particles.
  • 🏛️ The process of gold extraction was closely monitored by officials to ensure the collection of the 'quinto real', a tax that controlled the wealth from the New World.
  • 📉 The mining cycle in Puerto Rico ended between 1530 and 1540, after which the gold resources diminished.
  • 💰 From 1510 to 1546, approximately 2.56 million pesos worth of gold were minted, marking a significant period of wealth accumulation.
  • 👕 The indigenous people, or Tainos, were given clothing as part of their payment for their labor under the encomienda system.
Q & A

  • What is the repartimiento system?

    -The repartimiento system was a method used during the colonial period to distribute indigenous people and land to Spanish colonists. It was a form of forced labor and control over the indigenous population.

  • Who introduced the repartimiento system in the Spanish territories?

    -Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus) introduced the repartimiento system with the aim of distributing indigenous people to Spanish colonists.

  • What issues arose from the implementation of the repartimiento system?

    -The repartimiento system led to problems because the colonists claimed that the lands were not distributed equally, and it was also criticized for not consulting with the Catholic Monarchs before its implementation.

  • When was the first repartimiento carried out?

    -The first repartimiento was carried out by Cristóbal Colón and other authorities, which led to some issues as it was not approved by the Catholic Monarchs.

  • What was the purpose of the encomienda system that replaced the repartimiento?

    -The encomienda system aimed to Christianize the indigenous people and provide a workforce for tasks such as gold extraction, construction, and land management.

  • Who introduced the encomienda system in the Spanish territories?

    -The encomienda system was introduced by Fray Nicolás de Ovando, who was sent by the Crown as the new governor to replace the repartimiento system.

  • What were the Leyes de Burgos?

    -The Leyes de Burgos were a set of 35 ordinances decreed in 1512 that established the responsibilities of the encomenderos (those granted the encomienda) towards the indigenous people.

  • When did the distribution of indigenous people begin in Puerto Rico?

    -The distribution of indigenous people in Puerto Rico began in 1509 when Juan Ponce de León signed a new agreement with Ovando.

  • How many indigenous people were distributed in Puerto Rico in 1514?

    -In 1514, 5,000 indigenous people were distributed in the island of Puerto Rico.

  • What was the role of women in the gold extraction process?

    -Women played an important role in the gold extraction process by using a batea, a mesh container that helped wash the soil to obtain gold grains.

  • What was the significance of the 'quinto real' in the gold extraction process?

    -The 'quinto real' was a tax levied to control the wealth from the gold extraction. It represented one-fifth of the gold that was to be given to the Spanish Crown.

  • When did the gold mining cycle end in Puerto Rico?

    -The gold mining cycle in Puerto Rico ended between 1530 and 1540.

  • What was the payment given to the Taínos?

    -The payment given to the Taínos consisted of a set of clothing.

Outlines
00:00
😀 El Repartimiento y Encomienda de los Tainos

Este primer párrafo aborda el inicio del repartimiento de los indígenas por parte de Cristóbal Colón y las consecuencias que esto generó. Se menciona que el sistema fue creado para distribuir a los indígenas entre los colonos, lo que resultó en controversias ya que no se consultó con los Reyes Católicos y no se hizo de manera equitativa. Además, se destaca que el repartimiento fue una forma de esclavitud para los indígenas, quienes debían obedecer a los colonizadores españoles. En 1503, los Reyes Católicos sancionaron el repartimiento, y debido a los problemas surgidos, se nombró a Fray Nicolás de Ovando como nuevo gobernador, quien implementó el sistema de encomiendas. Este sistema tenía como objetivo cristianizar a los indígenas y convertirlos en mano de obra para la extracción de oro y la construcción de edificios, entre otras tareas. Los encomenderos eran los encargados de estos indígenas, y en 1512 se promulgaron las Leyes de Burgos que establecían sus responsabilidades. En Puerto Rico, la distribución de indígenas comenzó en 1509 con un tratado firmado por Juan Ponce de León y Ovando, y se repitió hasta 1514, repartiendo 5000 indígenas en la isla para la extracción de oro en diferentes ríos y minas. La mujer jugaba un papel importante en la extracción del oro, utilizando la batea para lavar la tierra y obtener las pepitas de oro, las cuales se acumulaban para la fundición dos veces al año. Los oficiales supervisaban este proceso para asegurar el pago del quinto real, un impuesto que controlaba las riquezas desde Sevilla. La primera fundición fue en octubre de 1510, y este ciclo continuó hasta 1546, durante el cual se fundieron más de dos millones de pesos en oro. Finalmente, se menciona que el oro no duró mucho y el fin del ciclo minero fue entre 1530 y 1540, mientras que la paga a los taínos consistía en un vestuario.

05:05
📝 Repartimientos y Encomiendas: Resumen y Despedida

Este segundo párrafo concluye el tema del video, ofreciendo un resumen de los repartimientos y encomiendas y agradeciendo a la audiencia por su atención. Se sugiere que los espectadores se suscriban al canal de Mariano KPR para seguir recibiendo contenido similar. Con una despedida amistosa, se cierra el video.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Repartimiento
Repartimiento refers to a system established by Christopher Columbus in the Spanish colonies to distribute indigenous people, known as Tainos, among the colonists. It was a form of forced labor and was used to exploit the indigenous population. In the video, it is mentioned as a system that led to problems due to unequal land distribution and was a precursor to the encomienda system.
💡Encomienda
The encomienda system was a replacement for the repartimiento system, introduced by Governor Nicolás de Ovando. It involved granting Spanish settlers, known as encomenderos, control over indigenous villages and their labor. The system was ostensibly for the Christianization of the indigenous people but was primarily used to extract labor for gold mining and other tasks. It is a key concept in the video as it outlines the transition from one form of labor exploitation to another.
💡Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus)
Cristóbal Colón, known as Christopher Columbus, was the explorer who initiated the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In the video, he is mentioned as the creator of the repartimiento system and as someone who faced issues due to its implementation without consulting the Catholic Monarchs. His actions set the stage for the subsequent labor systems that followed.
💡Reyes Católicos (Catholic Monarchs)
The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, are referenced in the video as the royal figures who sanctioned the repartimiento system in 1503. Their decision to support this system played a significant role in the colonization and exploitation of the indigenous people in the Americas.
💡Indígenas (Indigenous People)
The term 'indígenas' refers to the native people of the Americas, specifically the Tainos in the context of this video. They were the subjects of the repartimiento and encomienda systems and were forced into labor to serve the Spanish colonizers. Their treatment and the impact of these systems on them form the central theme of the video.
💡Fray Nicolás de Ovando
Fray Nicolás de Ovando was a Spanish cleric and colonial governor sent by the Catholic Monarchs to the Americas. In the video, he is credited with initiating the encomienda system, which was a shift from the repartimiento system and continued the exploitation of the indigenous people for labor.
💡Leyes de Burgos (Laws of Burgos)
The Laws of Burgos, established in 1512, were a set of 35 ordinances that defined the responsibilities of the encomenderos towards the indigenous people. They were mentioned in the video as an attempt to regulate the treatment of the indigenous population under Spanish control, although the effectiveness of these laws in practice is a matter of historical debate.
💡Juan Ponce de León
Juan Ponce de León was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who is mentioned in the video as having signed a new treaty with Ovando in 1509. This treaty was significant as it led to the distribution of indigenous people for labor, particularly in gold extraction, which was a key economic activity in the Spanish colonies.
💡Extracción de Oro (Gold Extraction)
Gold extraction was a primary economic activity in the Spanish colonies and a major reason for the exploitation of the indigenous people through the repartimiento and encomienda systems. The video discusses how indigenous labor was used for mining gold, which was then smelted and from which the Spanish crown claimed a fifth as a tax.
💡Quinto del Rey (Royal Fifth)
The 'Quinto del Rey,' or Royal Fifth, was a tax imposed by the Spanish crown on the gold mined in the colonies. It amounted to a 20% share of the mined gold that the crown claimed. The video highlights the importance of this tax as a means of controlling the wealth generated from the colonies and its role in the exploitation of the indigenous people.
💡Taínos
The Taínos were the indigenous people of the Caribbean, particularly in the region that is now Puerto Rico. The video discusses their forced integration into the Spanish colonial labor systems, such as the repartimiento and encomienda, and their roles in activities like gold extraction. The Taínos' experiences under these systems are central to understanding the video's narrative on colonial exploitation.
Highlights

The encomienda system was established to distribute indigenous people and land to Spanish colonists.

Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus) implemented a system of repartimiento, which led to issues as lands were not distributed equally.

The first encomienda was carried out by Columbus and other authorities without consulting the Catholic Monarchs.

The encomienda system was a form of indigenous enslavement, requiring indigenous people to obey Spanish colonizers.

The system was sanctioned by the Catholic Monarchs in 1503, leading to a cycle of instability in the New World.

Fray Nicolás de Ovando was sent as the new governor to replace the repartimiento system with encomiendas.

Each Spanish person was given an indigenous chief (cacique) and a large amount of yuca under the encomienda system.

The purpose of the encomienda system was to Christianize the indigenous people and use them as labor for gold extraction and other tasks.

The Laws of Burgos, consisting of 35 ordinances, were decreed in 1512 to establish the responsibilities of encomenderos towards the indigenous people.

In Puerto Rico, the distribution of indigenous people began in 1509 when Juan Ponce de León signed a new agreement with Ovando.

The indigenous people were used for labor in gold extraction, with practices repeated several times until 1514.

In 1514, 5000 indigenous people were distributed on the island for gold extraction in various rivers and mines.

Women played a significant role in gold extraction, using a 'batea' (sieve) to wash the earth and collect gold grains.

Gold grains were accumulated and melted twice a year in Caparra and once in San Germán, with strict oversight to collect the royal fifth (quinto real).

The first gold melting occurred in October 1510, and by 1546, 2,565,599 pesos of gold were minted.

The gold mining cycle ended between 1530 and 1540 as the gold resources did not last long.

The Taino people were paid with clothing as part of the encomienda system.

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Taino HistoryColonialismIndigenous RightsSpanish ColonizationRepartimiento SystemEncomiendaGold ExtractionPuerto RicoCristóbal ColónJuan Ponce de LeónLeyes de Burgos