POWER Shifts After 1900 [AP World History] Unit 7 Topic 1 (7.1)

Heimler's History
12 Feb 202007:08
EducationalLearning
32 Likes 10 Comments

TLDRThe video script discusses the political and ideological upheavals that set the stage for global conflicts post-1900, focusing on revolutions in Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mexico. It highlights the Russian Revolution's establishment of communism, China's struggle with internal and external issues leading to the 1911 revolution, the Ottoman Empire's decline and the rise of the Young Turks, and the Mexican Revolution against Porfirio Diaz's authoritarian rule. These events shaped the new global order by the end of the 20th century.

Takeaways
  • 🌍 The focus of AP World History Unit 7 is on global conflict after 1900, particularly two major conflicts and their causes and effects.
  • 📜 The political and ideological upheavals around the world at the turn of the 20th century set the stage for these global conflicts.
  • 🇷🇺 The Russian Revolution in 1917, led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin, resulted in the establishment of a communist government, significantly impacting the global order.
  • 🇨🇳 In China, Sun Yat-Sen led a revolution in 1911 to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, aiming to address wealth inequality and introduce a more democratic form of governance.
  • 🏛️ The Ottoman Empire, referred to as the 'sick man of Europe,' underwent reforms with the Young Turks advocating for a constitutional government and cultural realignment through Turkification.
  • 🇹🇷 The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who sought to modernize Turkey along the lines of Western democracies and separate it from Islamic influences.
  • 🇲🇽 The Mexican Revolution, ignited by the imprisonment of Francisco Madero, led to the ousting of Porfirio Diaz and the introduction of a new constitution focusing on land redistribution, voting rights, and public education.
  • 💡 Internal issues within Russia, such as economic stagnation and refusal to extend rights, contributed to the success of the Bolshevik revolution.
  • 🌾 China's population growth and the failure to keep up with food production led to the threat of famine and contributed to the unrest that led to revolution.
  • 🛣️ Infrastructure and economic issues, such as the lack of roads and railroads, as well as foreign economic dominance, were key factors in the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Young Turks.
  • 🔄 The redistribution of wealth and power was a common theme in the revolutions and changes occurring in Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mexico during this period.
Q & A

  • What is the main focus of Unit 7 in AP World History?

    -Unit 7 of AP World History focuses on global conflict after 1900, specifically examining two major global conflicts, their causes, and their effects.

  • What were the key political and ideological upheavals that set the stage for global conflicts in the 20th century?

    -The key political and ideological upheavals included several large-scale revolutions in Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mexico, which significantly altered the global order.

  • What were the internal problems faced by Russia at the beginning of the 20th century?

    -Russia faced internal problems such as sluggish economic growth due to a lack of infrastructure development, refusal to extend voting rights and education to the masses, and government repression of protests, exemplified by the Bloody Sunday massacre in 1905.

  • How did external factors contribute to Russia's instability during the early 20th century?

    -External factors included Russia's losses in the Crimean War to the Ottomans and the Russo-Japanese War to Japan, both highlighting Russia's military and industrial inferiority compared to other global powers.

  • What was the significance of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917?

    -The Bolshevik Revolution, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the tsarist government and established a communist government in Russia, which had a profound impact on the global political landscape and marked the beginning of the ideological struggle between communism and democracy.

  • What were the main issues that led to the revolution in China in 1911?

    -The main issues included ethnic tensions under the non-native Qing Dynasty, the threat of famine due to a growing population and insufficient food production, low tax revenue leading to inadequate infrastructure, and economic domination by foreign powers.

  • How did Sun Yat-Sen's revolution address the internal problems of China?

    -Sun Yat-Sen's revolution aimed to rectify the unequal distribution of wealth and make China more democratic. However, his vision of democracy was focused on governance by educated experts rather than a broad democratic system.

  • What factors contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century?

    -The Ottoman Empire faced military defeats, a sinking economy, and the ineffectiveness of the Tanizmat reforms. Additionally, the rise of the Young Turks advocating for a constitutional government and Turkification further destabilized the empire.

  • What were the main goals of the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire?

    -The Young Turks sought to establish a constitutional government in the style of European democracies and to implement cultural realignment through Turkification, which aimed to promote Turkish culture deeply influenced by Islam.

  • What triggered the Mexican Revolution in 1910?

    -The Mexican Revolution was triggered by the imprisonment of Francisco Madero, a presidential candidate opposing the authoritarian rule of Porfirio Diaz, which highlighted the extreme inequality and foreign control of resources in Mexico.

  • What were the key provisions of the new Mexican constitution ratified in 1917?

    -The new constitution provided for land redistribution, voting rights for all men, and public education, aiming to address the social and economic inequalities that had been exacerbated under Diaz's rule.

Outlines
00:00
🌍 Introduction to Global Conflicts and Upheavals

This paragraph introduces the viewer to Unit 7 of AP World History, focusing on global conflicts after 1900. It sets the stage by discussing the political and ideological changes occurring worldwide, particularly highlighting the large-scale revolutions in Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mexico. The script emphasizes the establishment of a new global order by the end of the 20th century, largely influenced by these revolutions. It provides a brief overview of the internal and external challenges faced by Russia, including its economic stagnation, lack of infrastructure development, and military defeats, which culminated in the Russian Revolution of 1917 led by the Bolsheviks and the establishment of a communist government.

05:02
📜 Revolutions and Changes in China and the Ottoman Empire

The second paragraph delves into the revolutions and political changes in China and the Ottoman Empire. It discusses the internal and external issues faced by China in the early 20th century, such as ethnic tensions, the threat of famine, and economic domination by foreign powers, leading to the 1911 revolution led by Sun Yat-Sen. The script also covers the Qing Dynasty's downfall and the establishment of a new government that aimed to address wealth inequality and democracy. Moving on to the Ottoman Empire, the paragraph describes it as the 'sick man of Europe' due to military defeats and economic decline. It introduces the Young Turks, their push for a constitutional government, and the cultural realignment of Turkification, which had significant implications for the Armenian Christian population. The paragraph concludes with the establishment of the Republic of Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who sought to modernize Turkey along the lines of Western democracies and separate the state from religious influence.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Global Conflict
The term 'Global Conflict' refers to widespread wars or disputes that involve multiple nations or regions and have significant international impact. In the context of the video, it is used to describe the major wars and political upheavals that occurred after 1900, setting the stage for the 20th century's major events. The two World Wars are prime examples of global conflicts discussed in the video, highlighting the scale and complexity of these events.
💡Ideological Upheavals
Ideological upheavals refer to radical shifts or changes in political beliefs, social values, and cultural norms that lead to significant societal transformations. In the video, this term is used to describe the political and social revolutions that took place in various countries like Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mexico during the early 20th century. These upheavals often resulted in the overthrow of existing governments and the establishment of new political systems.
💡Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution refers to a series of political and social revolutions that took place in Russia in 1917, which resulted in the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy and the establishment of the Soviet Union, the world's first communist state. This event had a profound impact on world history, leading to ideological tensions between communism and democracy throughout the 20th century. The revolution was characterized by internal issues such as economic stagnation, lack of political freedoms, and external defeats in wars, culminating in the Bolsheviks' seizure of power under Vladimir Lenin.
💡Xinhai Revolution
The Xinhai Revolution, which occurred in 1911 in China, was a significant political upheaval that led to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. This revolution was driven by internal issues such as ethnic tensions, economic decline, and government corruption, as well as external pressures from industrialized powers. Sun Yat-Sen, a key figure in the revolution, sought to address the unequal distribution of wealth and to democratize the government, although his leadership was short-lived and the full realization of his vision was not immediately achieved.
💡Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, also referred to as the Turkish Empire, was a vast and powerful state that existed from the 14th century until its dissolution in 1922. By the 20th century, it had become known as the 'sick man of Europe' due to its military defeats and economic decline. The empire underwent a series of reforms called Tanizmat and faced challenges from groups like the Young Turks, who advocated for a constitutional government and cultural realignment. The empire's involvement in World War I and its eventual dissolution led to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
💡Young Turks
The Young Turks were a political movement within the Ottoman Empire that sought to modernize and reform the empire's governance and society. They advocated for a constitutional government modeled after European systems and promoted a cultural realignment known as Turkification, which emphasized Turkish culture and Islam. This movement played a significant role in the empire's history, leading to political and social changes that contributed to the eventual dissolution of the empire and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
💡Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major political and social conflict that took place in Mexico between 1910 and 1920. It was sparked by the oppressive rule of Porfirio Díaz, who favored foreign investment at the expense of domestic resources and exacerbated wealth inequality. The revolution led to the overthrow of Díaz, the establishment of a new constitution, and significant social reforms, including land redistribution, voting rights, and public education.
💡Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, also known simply as Ataturk, was a Turkish military officer and revolutionary who played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Republic of Turkey after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. He is known for his efforts to modernize Turkey by implementing wide-ranging political, legal, and cultural reforms. Ataturk sought to align Turkey with Western democratic principles and to reduce the influence of Islam in public life, aiming to create a secular state.
💡Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks were a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party that emerged in the early 20th century, advocating for a more radical approach to achieving socialism and communism. They were led by Vladimir Lenin and eventually overthrew the Russian Provisional Government to establish a communist government in Russia following the October Revolution in 1917. The Bolsheviks' rise to power marked the beginning of the Soviet era and had a profound impact on world politics and ideology.
💡Sun Yat-Sen
Sun Yat-Sen was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader who played a significant role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. He is known for his Three Principles of the People, which guided his vision for a modern, democratic, and prosperous China. Despite his short-lived leadership, Sun's ideas and efforts to address social and economic inequalities laid the groundwork for future political developments in China.
💡Land Redistribution
Land redistribution refers to the process of realigning land ownership to address historical inequalities and promote social justice. This often involves the government taking land from a small group of large landowners and redistributing it to those who have little or no land, aiming to reduce wealth disparities and improve the living conditions of the less privileged. In the context of the Mexican Revolution, land redistribution was a key component of the new constitution, aiming to address the extreme inequality that had arisen under Porfirio Díaz's rule.
Highlights

Introduction to Unit 7 of AP World History focusing on global conflict after 1900.

Discussion of political and ideological upheavals around the world during this period.

Establishment of a new global order by the end of the 20th century due to large-scale revolutions.

Russian Revolution's impact on the world order, led by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

China's internal and external problems leading to the revolution in 1911, led by Sun Yat-Sen.

The Qing Dynasty's challenges including ethnic tension, famine, and government issues.

Sun Yat-Sen's vision for a more democratic and wealth-equal China.

The Ottoman Empire's decline, referred to as the 'sick man of Europe', and the Young Turks' rise.

Efforts for modernization in the Ottoman Empire through the Tanizmat reforms.

The impact of European economic influence on the Ottoman Empire and its decision to side with Germany in WWI.

Establishment of the Republic of Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923.

Mexico's struggle under Porfirio Diaz's authoritarian rule and the start of the Mexican Revolution.

Inequality in Mexico with 1% of the population owning 90% of the land.

The Mexican Revolution's outcome, including a new constitution for land redistribution and voting rights.

Invitation to subscribe for more content on the channel.

Transcripts

Browse More Related Video

The SHIFTING of STATE Power After 1900 [AP World History Review—Unit 7 Topic 1]

Ten Minute History - The Russian Revolution (Short Documentary)

Communists, Nationalists, and China's Revolutions: Crash Course World History #37

AP European History Unit 8 Review

Russian Revolution in 10 Minutes - Manny Man Does History

AP World 1750-1900 TikTok Review: Revolutions, Industrialization & Imperialism (Units 5-6)

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Thanks for rating:

Related Tags
20th CenturyGlobal ConflictRussian RevolutionChinese RevolutionOttoman DeclineMexican RevolutionPolitical ChangeIdeological ShiftsWorld HistoryAP World History