Blood bottles guide | UKMLA | CPSA

Geeky Medics
13 Jul 201404:08
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThis educational video script introduces various blood collection tubes and their corresponding tests, aiding healthcare professionals in selecting the right equipment for different scenarios. It covers purple top tubes for hematology, gold top for biochemistry, blue for coagulation, grey for glucose and lactate, pink for transfusion purposes, and blood culture bottles for microbiology. The script also explains the importance of arterial blood gas sampling for acute patient assessment, emphasizing the need for adherence to protocols to ensure accurate testing.

Takeaways
  • 🔬 The purple top bottle is used for hematology tests, including full blood count, hemoglobin, platelets, and white cell count, which are crucial for various medical investigations.
  • 📊 The purple top bottle is also used for HBA1c tests, important for assessing diabetic blood sugar control.
  • 🧪 The gold top bottle is designated for a range of biochemistry tests, such as Ura, electrolytes, liver function, and cardiac enzymes, among others.
  • 🩸 The blue bottle is for coagulation tests to assess the clotting system, including Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen, which are vital for monitoring conditions like warfarin therapy and diagnosing blood clots.
  • 🏥 The gray top bottle is used for specific biochemistry tests like glucose and lactate, which can indicate tissue hypoperfusion conditions such as sepsis.
  • 💉 The pink bottle is for blood samples sent to the transfusion lab for patients who may need a transfusion, involving group and save or cross match processes.
  • 🏷️ Blood samples in pink bottles must be labeled by hand at the patient's bedside after confirming patient details, following specific trust guidelines.
  • 🌿 Blood culture bottles are used for microbiology to isolate organisms, facilitating targeted antimicrobial therapy, with protocols varying between trusts.
  • 🩺 Arterial blood gas samples are taken from the radial artery at the wrist and provide crucial information on pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate for acutely unwell patients.
  • ⏱️ Arterial blood gas samples must be processed within about 20 minutes of collection for accurate results.
  • ☎️ Hospital labs are available for consultation and advice, encouraging healthcare professionals to seek guidance when needed.
Q & A

  • What is the purpose of the video?

    -The video aims to provide a brief introduction to commonly used blood bottles and tests, helping viewers understand which bottles are used for which tests and choose the appropriate equipment in different medical scenarios.

  • What type of tests are performed using the purple top bottle?

    -The purple top bottle is used for hematology tests, including full blood count, hemoglobin, platelet count, white cell count, and also for tests like HbA1c to assess diabetic blood sugar control.

  • What does the full blood count include and why is it important?

    -The full blood count includes hemoglobin, platelet count, and white cell count. It is important for investigating numerous scenarios such as blood loss, assessing bleeding risk, and identifying infections.

  • What is the purpose of the gold top bottle in blood testing?

    -The gold top bottle is used for a range of biochemistry tests, including Ura and electrolytes, liver function tests, C-reactive protein, bone profile, magnesium, lipids, thyroid function tests, and cardiac enzymes.

  • What does the term 'Ura' refer to in the context of the gold top bottle?

    -In the context of the gold top bottle, 'Ura' refers to the measurement of urea and electrolytes, which are used for assessing kidney function and detecting electrolyte imbalances.

  • What is the blue top bottle used for in blood testing?

    -The blue top bottle is used for hematology tests to assess the clotting system, including coagulation screen tests such as Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen.

  • What is the significance of INR in blood testing?

    -INR, or International Normalized Ratio, is important for monitoring warfarin therapy, ensuring the medication is working effectively and safely to prevent blood clots.

  • What are the uses of the grey top bottle in blood testing?

    -The grey top bottle is used for specific biochemistry tests like glucose and lactate levels, which can be raised in conditions causing tissue hypoperfusion such as sepsis or acute ischemia.

  • What is the pink top bottle used for and why is labeling it important?

    -The pink top bottle is used to send blood samples to the transfusion lab for patients who may need a blood transfusion. It is important to label the bottle by hand at the patient's bedside after confirming the patient's details to ensure accurate blood matching.

  • What is the role of blood culture bottles in medical testing?

    -Blood culture bottles are used to send samples to microbiology for culture to isolate organisms and enable targeted antimicrobial therapy. An aseptic approach is crucial to avoid contamination.

  • Why is it important to transport arterial blood gas samples quickly to the lab?

    -Arterial blood gas samples must be taken to the lab within about 20 minutes of collection for accurate processing, as they provide important information about a patient's illness severity, diagnosis, and guide treatment in acutely unwell patients.

  • What is the main difference between venous and arterial blood samples in terms of the tests performed?

    -While most tests described can be performed on venous blood samples, arterial blood gas samples are specifically taken from the radial artery at the wrist and provide values for pH, oxygen content (P2), carbon dioxide content (PCO2), bicarbonate, and base excess.

Outlines
00:00
🩸 Blood Bottles and Tests Overview

This paragraph introduces the video's purpose, which is to provide a basic understanding of commonly used blood bottles and the tests they are associated with. It aims to assist in selecting the right equipment for different tests, with a reminder that protocols may vary between healthcare trusts. The paragraph outlines the uses of the purple top bottle for hematology tests, including full blood count, hemoglobin, platelets, white cell count, and HbA1c for diabetes assessment. It also mentions the gold top bottle for biochemistry tests, such as electrolytes, liver function, and various other specialized tests.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Blood Bottles
Blood bottles are containers used for collecting and storing blood samples for various medical tests. In the video, different colored blood bottles are discussed, each designated for specific types of tests, such as the purple top for hematology tests and the gold top for biochemistry tests. The selection of the appropriate blood bottle is crucial for accurate test results.
💡Hematology Tests
Hematology tests are medical tests that analyze the components of blood, including the count and examination of blood cells. The video mentions that the purple top bottle is used for hematology tests like the full blood count, which measures hemoglobin, platelets, and white blood cells, all of which are vital for diagnosing various conditions.
💡Full Blood Count (FBC)
Full Blood Count is a common hematology test that provides a comprehensive analysis of the blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The video explains that the purple top bottle is used for FBC, which is important for investigating blood loss, infections, and other scenarios.
💡Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The video script mentions that hemoglobin is a key component measured in the full blood count test, which is crucial for diagnosing conditions like anemia and assessing the body's oxygen-carrying capacity.
💡Platelets
Platelets are small blood cell fragments that play a critical role in blood clotting. The script indicates that a low platelet count can result in an increased bleeding risk, making the measurement of platelets in hematology tests essential for assessing clotting disorders.
💡White Blood Cells
White blood cells are part of the immune system and help fight infections. The video explains that an increased white blood cell count is typically seen in cases of infection, highlighting the importance of this measurement in the full blood count test.
💡Biochemistry Tests
Biochemistry tests analyze the chemical components in the blood, such as enzymes, electrolytes, and metabolic byproducts. The gold top bottle in the video is used for a range of biochemistry tests, including liver function tests and electrolyte levels, which are crucial for assessing organ function and metabolic health.
💡Urea and Electrolytes (U&E)
Urea and electrolytes tests measure the levels of urea, sodium, potassium, and creatinine in the blood. The video mentions that these tests are performed using the gold top bottle and are essential for assessing kidney function and detecting electrolyte imbalances.
💡Coagulation Screen
A coagulation screen is a set of tests that assess the blood's ability to clot. The video script refers to the blue top bottle being used for these tests, which include measurements of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen, important for monitoring conditions like warfarin therapy and diagnosing clotting disorders.
💡INR
INR, or International Normalized Ratio, is a measure used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy, particularly with warfarin. The video explains that the coagulation screen, which includes the INR test, is vital for patients on blood-thinning medications to ensure appropriate dosing and prevent complications.
💡Blood Culture
Blood culture involves collecting blood samples to identify and quantify microorganisms causing infection. The video script discusses the use of blood culture bottles for sending samples to microbiology for culture, which is essential for isolating pathogens and guiding targeted antimicrobial therapy.
💡Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Arterial Blood Gas tests measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood, which are critical for assessing a patient's respiratory and metabolic status. The video mentions that ABG samples are taken from the radial artery and must be processed quickly for accuracy, providing vital information for managing acutely ill patients.
Highlights

The video provides an introduction to commonly used blood bottles and tests.

It helps in understanding which bottles are used for specific tests to choose appropriate equipment.

Equipment and protocols may vary between different trusts.

The purple top bottle is used for hematology tests, including full blood count.

Hemoglobin is an important investigation for numerous scenarios like blood loss.

Platelets are crucial for assessing bleeding risk.

White cell count is typically increased in infection.

The purple bottle is also used for HbA1c tests in diabetic blood sugar control.

The gold top bottle is for biochemistry tests like Ura and electrolytes.

These tests assess kidney function and detect electrolyte derangement.

The gold top bottle is also used for liver function and thyroid function tests.

The blue bottle is for coagulation screen tests, including Prothrombin time and fibrinogen.

INR is important for monitoring warfarin therapy.

The grey top bottle is used for glucose and lactate tests.

Glucose tests can be fasting or random values.

Lactate levels can be raised in conditions causing tissue hypoperfusion.

The pink bottle is for blood samples sent to the transfusion lab.

Group and save or Cross Match can be requested for potential blood transfusions.

Blood culture bottles are used for microbiology to isolate organisms for targeted therapy.

Arterial blood gas samples provide values for pH, P2, pCO2, bicarbonate, and base excess.

Arterial blood gases are crucial for assessing acutely unwell patients.

Hospital labs are always available for advice and assistance.

Transcripts

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Blood TestingMedical EducationHematologyBiochemistryHealthcare ProtocolsBlood BottlesDiagnostic ToolsPatient CareLab EquipmentMedical Training