Coffin Problems (with Edward Frenkel) - Numberphile Podcast

The first paragraph introduces the guest, mathematician Edward Frenkel, highlighting his intriguing journey from sneaking into math lectures in Moscow to becoming a renowned mathematician at Berkeley. Born in the Soviet Union, Frenkel discusses the high regard for science during his upbringing, particularly in the fields of physics and quantum mechanics. He shares his initial disinterest in mathematics, considering it trivial and boring compared to the excitement of physics. However, the culture of the Soviet Union at the time, which revered scientists and provided ample opportunities in science and technology, played a significant role in shaping his early interests.

In this paragraph, Frenkel reveals how his initial dislike for mathematics transformed into a deep passion. He explains that his turning point came when he met a mathematician who introduced him to the more profound and exciting aspects of the subject. This encounter opened his eyes to the real mathematics that existed beyond the basic Euclidean geometry and algebra taught in school. Frenkel's newfound interest in mathematics was further fueled by the realization that understanding theoretical physics, especially quantum physics, required a strong foundation in mathematics. His mentor's influence led him to explore advanced mathematical concepts, such as representation theory and periodic numbers, which he found captivating and counter-intuitive.

Frenkel discusses the pivotal role his teachers and mentors played in his life, particularly his high school mentor, Evgeny, who recognized his potential and guided him through the complexities of advanced mathematics. Despite initially disliking math, Frenkel's weekly meetings with Evgeny ignited a passion for the subject. Evgeny's approach to teaching, which involved discussing books on linear algebra, number theory, and topology, laid a strong foundation for Frenkel's mathematical education. This mentorship not only changed Frenkel's academic trajectory but also provided an escape from the political and social challenges of living in the Soviet Union during its decline.

This paragraph delves into the challenges Frenkel faced in his pursuit of higher education, particularly the discrimination he encountered due to his Jewish heritage. Despite excelling in his studies and demonstrating exceptional mathematical abilities, Frenkel was denied admission to Moscow State University due to anti-Semitic policies. The narrative highlights the systemic bias against Jewish students in the Soviet Union's educational system, where even the brightest minds were denied opportunities based on their ethnicity. Frenkel's story underscores the resilience and determination required to overcome such barriers and the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity.

Frenkel shares his experience of navigating the academic landscape of Moscow, which was fraught with challenges due to discrimination. Despite being denied admission to Moscow State University, he managed to secure a place at the Oil and Gas University, which had a small applied mathematics program. Here, he continued to excel and further his mathematical education. Frenkel's story illustrates the importance of finding alternative paths to success and the role of supportive individuals in overcoming institutional barriers. His determination to prove his worth and contribute to the field of mathematics remained unwavering, even in the face of systemic obstacles.

In this paragraph, Frenkel recounts his rapid ascent in the world of mathematics, which led to an invitation to Harvard as a visiting professor. His collaboration with renowned mathematician Dmitry Fuchs and the publication of groundbreaking papers in the field of Langlands program caught the attention of the academic community. Frenkel's journey from a provincial town in the Soviet Union to the halls of Harvard is a testament to his intellectual prowess and the impact of supportive mentors. His story highlights the transformative power of education and the importance of seizing opportunities, even in the face of adversity.

Frenkel discusses his artistic endeavor, a film titled 'Rights of Love and Math,' which he co-directed with French filmmaker Ren Graf. The film is a homage to Yuki Himishima's 'Rights of Love and Death,' incorporating elements of Japanese no theater and a narrative centered around a mathematician's discovery of a formula for love. The film explores themes of passion, obsession, and the potential misuse of mathematical knowledge. Frenkel's involvement in the project reflects his desire to break out of traditional academic constraints and express his creativity in unconventional ways.

Frenkel reflects on the personal growth he experienced through his mathematical journey, particularly in his book that intertwines his biographical story with the beauty of mathematics. He discusses the process of writing the book as a means of connecting with his younger self and understanding the pain and challenges he faced. The narrative delves into the universality of personal struggles and the power of mathematics as a unifying language. Frenkel's story emphasizes the importance of embracing one's passions and the transformative potential of facing and overcoming adversity.

In the final paragraph, Frenkel contemplates his ongoing work in mathematics, particularly his involvement in a new strand of the Langlands program. He expresses hope that his best work is still ahead of him and reflects on the importance of following one's passion, regardless of the field. Frenkel's current projects, collaborations, and his approach to mathematics highlight his enduring commitment to the subject and his desire to contribute meaningfully to the field. His story serves as an inspiration for aspiring mathematicians and those who face challenges in their pursuit of knowledge.