Why Do People Hate Mathematics? Efim Zelmanov (Fields Medal 1994)

Tom Rocks Maths
29 Oct 202315:32
EducationalLearning
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TLDRIn a captivating discussion at the Heidelberg Laureate Forum, Yim Zelmanov, a renowned mathematician, shares his perspective on why some people may dislike mathematics, emphasizing that it's often due to its compulsory nature and the challenge it presents. He argues that mathematics is about problem-solving, not memorization, and that the joy comes from overcoming difficulties. Zelmanov also delves into the beauty of mathematics, comparing it to an art form, where beauty is associated with simplicity and structure. He discusses his work on the Burnside problem and the excitement of approaching and solving complex mathematical problems. The conversation touches on the interplay between pure and applied mathematics, the potential applications of abstract concepts, and the importance of unity within the field. Zelmanov's mathematical genealogy, the distinction between pure and applied mathematics, and his preference for traditional blackboards over modern tablets are also explored. The discussion concludes with Zelmanov's views on the nature of mathematical discovery versus invention, his stance on whether zero is a natural number, and his fondness for all numbers equally.

Takeaways
  • πŸ“š Mathematics is a foundational subject for all technology and engineering courses, which is why it is often a mandatory part of education for many students.
  • πŸŽ“ The obligation to take math courses, even for those not interested in the field, can lead to a dislike for mathematics.
  • πŸ§—β€β™‚οΈ Some people are attracted to mathematics because of its difficulty and the sense of achievement that comes from solving complex problems.
  • πŸ’‘ Mathematics is not about memorization but about problem-solving, which can be a source of joy when a problem is finally solved.
  • πŸ•΅οΈβ€β™‚οΈ When working on a difficult problem, it's important to consider what new approaches or insights you can bring to the table that others have not.
  • 🎨 Mathematics can be both a science and an art, with mathematicians often discussing the beauty of a solution or problem.
  • 🎼 Just as in music or art, mathematicians develop a sense of what is beautiful through exposure to and study of the works of great mathematicians.
  • πŸ” The speaker believes that the separation between pure and applied mathematics is not ideal and advocates for unity within the field.
  • 🌐 Many mathematical concepts initially considered abstract or pure have later found real-world applications, such as in cryptography.
  • 🌳 The speaker's mathematical genealogy traces back to influential mathematicians like Gauss and Newton, highlighting the interconnectedness of mathematical thought.
  • βœ… The speaker does not have a preference for zero as a natural number unless it is defined as such by a mathematical law or convention.
  • πŸ“ˆ The speaker prefers using both traditional blackboards and whiteboards over tablets for mathematical work, valuing the tactile and visual aspects of these tools.
Q & A
  • Why does Yim zelmanov believe that people hate mathematics?

    -Yim zelmanov suggests that people hate mathematics because it is often made obligatory for students pursuing various fields, similar to how people might hate music if it were declared obligatory. Additionally, he mentions that mathematics can be difficult, which may contribute to the negative perception.

  • What does Yim zelmanov think about the difficulty of mathematics attracting people to the subject?

    -Yim zelmanov acknowledges that some people are attracted to mathematics precisely because of its difficulty. He likens the struggle and eventual triumph over a mathematical problem to an exciting and beautiful experience.

  • How does Yim zelmanov describe the process of solving a mathematical problem?

    -According to Yim zelmanov, solving a mathematical problem is not about memorizing or reading; it's about engaging with the problem-solving process. He emphasizes the joy that comes from solving a problem oneself, without looking at the solution in a book.

  • What was Yim zelmanov's personal experience with the struggle of solving a mathematical problem?

    -Yim zelmanov shares that it took him a year of 'frontal attack' to solve a problem, constantly thinking about it day and night. He mentions feeling exhausted rather than euphoric when he finally solved it, suggesting that the excitement came later.

  • How does Yim zelmanov perceive the relationship between mathematics and art?

    -Yim zelmanov views mathematics as both a science and an art. He explains that mathematicians often discuss the beauty and ugliness of mathematical concepts, much like artists and musicians do, and that the pursuit of beauty is a decisive factor in mathematical work.

  • What does Yim zelmanov think about the beauty in mathematical solutions?

    -Yim zelmanov believes that the beauty in a mathematical solution is subjective and comes from the structure and elegance behind it. He compares this to how students of music or art develop their taste by learning from the masters.

  • How did Yim zelmanov approach the Burnside problem?

    -Yim zelmanov had a different approach to the Burnside problem, which he believed was possible to solve due to his unique perspective. He had the idea for the solution before deciding to tackle the problem.

  • What is Yim zelmanov's view on the current state of the bounded Burnside problem?

    -Yim zelmanov does not believe that we are close to solving the bounded Burnside problem. He suggests that a dramatically new idea is needed, as even a supercomputer won't help with problems that are algorithmically undecidable.

  • What is Yim zelmanov's opinion on the interaction between mathematics and computer science?

    -The transcript does not provide a direct answer to this question. However, Yim zelmanov does mention the importance of mathematics in technology and engineering, implying a strong connection between mathematics and computer science.

  • How does Yim zelmanov feel about the division between pure and applied mathematics?

    -Yim zelmanov prefers unity and has always pushed for it within mathematics departments. He does not believe in the strict separation of pure and applied mathematics, advocating for a more integrated approach.

  • What is Yim zelmanov's view on the mathematical genealogy project?

    -Yim zelmanov is aware of the mathematical genealogy project and finds it interesting. He acknowledges that his genealogy leads to prominent mathematicians like Gauss and Newton.

  • Which mathematical notation does Yim zelmanov prefer for calculus?

    -Yim zelmanov admits to using both Newton's notation (f prime or F dashed) and Leibniz's notation (dy/dx) without much thought, but he expresses a slight preference for dy/dx.

  • Does Yim zelmanov have a favorite number?

    -Yim zelmanov does not have a favorite number; he likes all numbers equally.

  • What is Yim zelmanov's preference between blackboards, whiteboards, and tablets?

    -Yim zelmanov is more used to blackboards and prefers them over whiteboards and tablets. He appreciates the traditional feel and noise of chalk on a blackboard.

Outlines
00:00
πŸ˜€ Understanding the Perception of Mathematics

In this paragraph, Yim Zelmanov discusses the reasons why people may dislike mathematics, emphasizing that it is a foundational subject for technology and engineering. He suggests that the obligation to take math courses, even for those not interested in the field, contributes to the negative perception. Zelmanov also highlights the beauty and excitement of overcoming mathematical challenges, comparing the process to the pursuit of art and the development of taste, much like in music or painting.

05:02
πŸ€” The Beauty and Difficulty of Mathematical Problems

The speaker delves into the nature of mathematical problem-solving, arguing that it's not about memorization but about the joy of solving problems. He shares his personal experience of working on a problem for a year, which was exhausting but ultimately led to a sense of accomplishment. The conversation also touches on the debate of whether mathematics is an art or a science, with the speaker suggesting it's both, especially for those deeply involved in it.

10:04
πŸ” The Evolution and Relevance of Mathematical Concepts

This section explores the historical evolution and application of mathematical concepts. The speaker points out that subjects once considered purely abstract, like finite fields, have found real-world applications, such as in financial transactions. There's a discussion about the division between pure and applied mathematics and the importance of unity within the field. The speaker also reflects on his mathematical genealogy and the influence of historical mathematicians like Gauss and Newton.

15:05
πŸ“š Final Thoughts and Invitation to Learn More

The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the interview, with the speaker encouraging viewers to search for more information about the guest's work online. There's a reminder for viewers to subscribe for more content, and a note of thanks from the host for watching the video.

Mindmap
Keywords
πŸ’‘Mathematics
Mathematics is a field that deals with the properties and relationships of numbers, quantities, and shapes. It is a fundamental subject that underpins all of technology and engineering. In the video, the speaker discusses the importance of mathematics and why it is often disliked by students, highlighting its role as a prerequisite for many academic and professional pursuits.
πŸ’‘Difficulty
Difficulty refers to the challenging nature of a task or subject. In the context of the video, the speaker mentions that mathematics is often perceived as difficult, which can lead to students disliking the subject. However, the speaker also suggests that the challenge of mathematics is what attracts some people to it, as overcoming these difficulties can be rewarding.
πŸ’‘Problem Solving
Problem solving is the process of finding solutions to complex issues or questions. It is a core aspect of mathematics, as emphasized by the speaker. The speaker argues that mathematics is not about memorization but about engaging with and solving problems, which can be a source of joy and satisfaction when successful.
πŸ’‘Beauty in Mathematics
The concept of beauty in mathematics refers to the aesthetic appreciation of mathematical structures, concepts, and solutions. The speaker discusses how mathematicians often describe their work in terms of beauty, similar to how artists or musicians might discuss their creations. This appreciation for beauty is a driving force for many mathematicians and is linked to the elegance and simplicity of mathematical solutions.
πŸ’‘Bounded Burnside Problem
The Bounded Burnside Problem is a specific mathematical problem that the speaker has worked on. It is mentioned as an example of a difficult problem that has attracted the speaker's attention due to its complexity and the intellectual challenge it presents. The speaker reflects on the process of working on this problem and the excitement of getting closer to a solution.
πŸ’‘Mathematical Genealogy
Mathematical genealogy is the study of the historical progression of mathematicians through their doctoral advisors. In the video, the speaker's genealogy is discussed, showing a lineage that traces back to notable mathematicians like Gauss and Newton. This concept is used to illustrate the interconnectedness of mathematical thought and the influence of past scholars on contemporary mathematicians.
πŸ’‘Pure vs. Applied Mathematics
Pure mathematics refers to the study of abstract mathematical concepts for their own sake, while applied mathematics involves the use of mathematical techniques to solve practical problems. The speaker discusses the historical division between these two areas and advocates for a more unified approach, where the beauty and utility of mathematics are recognized as complementary rather than separate.
πŸ’‘Euler's Formula
Euler's Formula is a mathematical formula that states e^(iΟ€) + 1 = 0, where e is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary unit, and Ο€ is pi. The speaker mentions Euler's Formula as an example of a beautiful result in mathematics, highlighting its elegance and the profound impact it has on various fields, including cryptography.
πŸ’‘
πŸ’‘Galois Theory
Galois Theory is a branch of abstract algebra that studies fields and their automorphisms. The speaker mentions it as an example of a mathematical subject that was initially considered purely abstract but has since found real-world applications, such as in the field of cryptography. The development of Galois Theory by Γ‰variste Galois is also discussed in terms of its historical significance and the beauty of its concepts.
πŸ’‘Algorithmically Undecidable
Algorithmically undecidable problems are problems for which no algorithm can determine a solution in all cases. The speaker refers to this concept when discussing the Bounded Burnside Problem, suggesting that a completely new approach or idea is necessary to make progress on such problems, as traditional computational methods may not suffice.
πŸ’‘Blackboards vs. Whiteboards
The choice between blackboards and whiteboards is a matter of personal preference for mathematicians when it comes to presenting and solving problems. The speaker expresses a preference for blackboards, which is a traditional tool in mathematical discourse, and mentions the tactile and sensory aspects of using chalk on a blackboard as part of the appeal.
Highlights

Mathematics is a prerequisite for all Technology and Engineering courses, which may contribute to the obligation and difficulty students face.

The struggle and eventual triumph over difficult mathematical problems can be exciting and beautiful.

Mathematics is not about memorization but about problem-solving, which can bring joy when a problem is solved independently.

The speaker's personal experience with solving the Burnside problem involved a year of intense focus and exhaustion.

The pursuit of beauty in mathematics is akin to the pursuit of beauty in music or art, with mathematicians developing a sense of what is aesthetically pleasing.

The speaker's approach to the Burnside problem was based on a different approach, highlighting the importance of innovation in problem-solving.

The Burnside problem was popular in the Soviet Union and the speaker's work was somewhat related, showing the influence of academic environment.

The bounded Burnside problem remains unsolved, requiring a dramatically new idea, indicating the ongoing nature of mathematical inquiry.

Mathematics and computer science have a significant interaction, with mathematical theorems underpinning modern technologies like cryptosystems.

The speaker appreciates the beauty of Euler's formula and its profound implications in mathematics.

The division between pure and applied mathematics is seen as potentially detrimental, with the speaker advocating for unity in the field.

The mathematical genealogy project traces academic lineage, revealing connections between mathematicians and their advisors.

The speaker prefers the notation dy/dx over f'(x) or F dashed, showing a personal preference in mathematical notation.

Zero's classification as a natural number is a matter of convention, with the speaker indicating flexibility in its categorization.

The question of whether mathematics was discovered or invented is left open by the speaker, reflecting the complexity of the issue.

The speaker does not have a favorite number, expressing equal appreciation for all numbers in mathematics.

A preference for blackboards over whiteboards or tablets is noted, highlighting the traditional aspects of mathematical work.

Transcripts
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