Modulation using the Neapolitan Chord - Music Theory

Music Matters
26 Dec 201906:08
EducationalLearning
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TLDRThe video explains the concept of modulation in music, which involves moving from one key to another to add interest and variety. It traces how modulation practices have evolved, from simple shifts between closely related keys in the Baroque era to more dramatic and adventurous changes enabled by chromatic chords in the Romantic period. As an example, it introduces the Neapolitan chord, which can facilitate modulation to distant keys like moving directly from C major to D-flat major. It encourages musicians to experiment with modulation using chromatic chords like the Neapolitan to make their music more exciting.

Takeaways
  • 😀 Modulation is moving from one key to another in a piece of music to add variety.
  • 🔑 In the Baroque period, modulation was mainly to closely related keys like the relative minor.
  • ♨️ By the 19th century, composers wanted more dramatic, emotion-filled modulations.
  • 🎹 Chromatic chords opened up more options for modulation.
  • 👂 The Neapolitan chord is the flattened second degree chord, like D♭ in C major.
  • 🎶 The Neapolitan chord adds color when used in the home key.
  • 🚆 It can modulate quickly to distant keys like from C major to D♭ major.
  • 🔀 It typically goes to the Ic chord or dominant V7 before resolving.
  • 🛣️ The Neapolitan chord bridges the gap between keys smoothly.
  • 🤹‍♂️ Use the Neapolitan chord to modulate in more exciting ways in your music.
Q & A
  • What is modulation in music?

    -Modulation is when we move from one key to another key in a piece of music. It provides variety and prevents the music from sounding boring if it stays in the same key throughout.

  • How did composers modulate keys in the Baroque period?

    -In the Baroque period, composers would modulate to closely related keys, usually by adding or subtracting one sharp or flat. For example, going from C major to G major by adding one sharp, or going from C major to the relative minor A minor.

  • How did modulation become more adventurous over time?

    -As time went on, composers started using more chromatic chords and became more daring with modulation to create drama and expression. They modulated to more distant keys instead of always staying closely related.

  • What is a Neapolitan chord?

    -A Neapolitan chord is based on the lowered second degree of the scale. For example, in C major the Neapolitan chord has a D-flat instead of D natural, along with F and A-flat.

  • How can a Neapolitan chord be used to modulate keys?

    -A Neapolitan chord adds color when used in a home key, but it can also serve as a pivot chord to modulate to a distant new key. For example, it can go from C major to D-flat major.

  • What inversion is a Neapolitan chord usually in?

    -The Neapolitan chord is often found in first inversion, with the third of the chord in the bass.

  • What chords does a Neapolitan chord typically resolve to?

    -The Neapolitan chord usually resolves to the Ic chord or dominant V7 chord before returning to the tonic I chord.

  • Why use a Neapolitan chord when modulating?

    -The Neapolitan allows for a smooth and seamless modulation between distant keys, instead of having to go through several intermediate keys.

  • What should you try in your own music improvisation?

    -You could experiment with using the Neapolitan chord to modulate in more exciting and adventurous ways in your own improvisation and composition.

  • What time period saw composers expressing more emotion in music?

    -In the 19th century, music became much more about expressing emotion, passion and feelings, which led composers to use more dramatic chords and daring modulations.

Outlines
00:00
🎵 What is modulation and how it evolved over time

This paragraph explains what modulation is - moving from one key to another within a musical piece to add variety. It talks about how modulation was limited to closely related keys in the Baroque period, but later composers wanted more dramatic modulation using chromatic chords.

05:01
😮 Using the Neapolitan chord to modulate between distant keys

This paragraph introduces the Neapolitan chord, built on the lowered second degree of the scale. It shows how the Neapolitan chord can be used to modulate between very distant keys like C major and D-flat major.

Mindmap
Keywords
💡Modulation
Modulation refers to the musical transition or movement from one key to another. In the video's context, it provides variety and excitement to a piece through changing the tonal center from one key to another. For example, modulation is used to "shift to another key, maybe come back home again later" or to hop from C major with no sharps or flats to D-flat major with five flats which would otherwise require moving through several intermediary keys.
💡Chromatic chords
Chromatic chords contain notes from outside the key signature, adding more dissonance and color. The video explains that as composers wanted to be more adventurous and dramatic in the 19th century, they used more chromatic chords to modulate in exciting ways. For example, the Neapolitan chord has a flattened second scale degree from outside the key.
💡Neapolitan chord
The Neapolitan chord is a major chord built on the lowered second scale degree, giving an unexpected sound of the flat supertonic. In C major, this would be a D-flat major chord. The video demonstrates using the Neapolitan to modulate to distant keys like D-flat by resolving it in the new key.
💡First inversion
Putting a chord in first inversion means the third of the chord is the lowest note. The video mentions that the Neapolitan chord is often in first inversion, with the F below the D-flat and A-flat.
💡Circle of fifths
The circle of fifths shows key relationships and the number of sharps or flats in each key signature. It illustrates why modulation can be tricky between distant keys like C major and D-flat major in the example. The circle helps composers plan modulations through closely related keys.
💡Relative minor
The relative minor key shares the same key signature as its relative major. For example, A minor is the relative minor of C major. The video mentions modulating to the relative minor as an easy early modulation option before more distant modulations developed.
💡Super tonic
In music theory, the second degree of a scale is called the supertonic. The Neapolitan chord is based on lowering this second scale degree, such as flatting the D to D-flat in C major.
💡Resolving
Resolving a chord refers to moving from a dissonant chord to a stable consonant chord, giving a sense of finality. The video describes resolving the Neapolitan to V (dominant) or I (tonic) chords and using this resolution to establish a new key.
💡Improvisation
The video encourages exploring modulation through chromatic chords in one's own improvisation, suggesting they provide interesting variety. It ties directly to the theme of how to modulate in more exciting, unconventional ways.
💡Intervening keys
When modulating between distant keys like C major and D-flat major, intervening keys refers to passing through the keys in between them before arriving at the destination key, rather than abruptly jumping there. This more gradual modulation goes through keys closer on the circle of fifths.
Highlights

Modulation is when we move from one key to another key.

If you just stick in one key, it starts to sound a bit boring after a while.

In the Baroque period, composers would modulate to closely related keys, like neighboring keys on the circle of fifths.

As time goes on, composers want to be more adventurous with modulation using chromatic chords.

In the 19th century, music is all about emotion, so composers use a broader, more dramatic range of chords to modulate in exciting ways.

The Neapolitan chord is based on the lowered second degree of the scale.

The Neapolitan chord adds color when used in the home key.

The Neapolitan chord typically resolves to the Ic chord or V chord.

The Neapolitan chord can modulate quickly between distant keys like C major and D-flat major.

Using the Neapolitan to modulate is more adventurous than going through intermediate keys.

Try using the Neapolitan chord in your own improvisations and compositions.

Sticking in one key for too long starts to sound boring.

Composers modulated to closely related keys in the Baroque period.

Chromatic chords enabled more adventurous modulations.

The Neapolitan chord adds dramatic color.

The Neapolitan can smoothly modulate between distant keys.

Transcripts
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