Part-8 Ascending paper chromatography || types of Paper chromatography || chromatography

MJD Chemistry

19 Jan 202120:51

EducationalLearning

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TLDRThe video script discusses paper chromatography, a technique used to separate the components of a mixture by their affinity to the mobile phase. It explains the ascending method, where the solvent moves from bottom to top, influenced by gravity. The process involves using filter paper, a printer shift, and a pencil for marking. The script also covers the importance of choosing the right solvent and the steps to prepare and execute the chromatography process, including the use of a chromatography tank and the final drying of the paper to reveal the separated components.

Takeaways

🔬 The script discusses paper chromatography, a technique used to separate the components of a mixture using a solvent that moves through the stationary phase, which is the paper.
📜 Three types of chromatography are mentioned: ascending, descending, and depending chromatography, with the focus being on ascending chromatography.
🌱 The process involves movement of the solvent from bottom to top, influenced by gravity, which is a crucial factor in the technique.
🎨 The script describes the use of different solvents and their properties, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right solvent for the mixture.
📈 The importance of the 'base line' and 'solvent front' in the chromatography process is highlighted, which helps in identifying the progress of the solvent and separation of components.
🧪 The preparation of the chromatography setup, including the use of filter paper and a printer strip, is explained in detail.
🖌️ The use of a pencil for marking lines on the paper is mentioned, indicating the precision required in setting up the chromatography.
🌡️ The script touches on the environmental conditions necessary for successful chromatography, such as maintaining a consistent temperature and humidity.
🔑 Key terms like 'ascending order' and 'descending order' are used to describe the arrangement and movement of components during the chromatography process.
📝 The final result of the chromatography is referred to as 'chromatogram,' which is the visual representation of the separated components on the paper.
🔍 The script emphasizes the need for careful observation and analysis of the chromatogram to draw conclusions about the components of the mixture.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the script?
-The main topic discussed in the script is Paper Chromatography, specifically focusing on the ascending chromatography technique.
What are the three types of chromatography mentioned in the script?
-The three types of chromatography mentioned are not explicitly named, but it discusses ascending chromatography, descending chromatography, and possibly paper chromatography.
What is the significance of the term 'ascending' in the context of chromatography discussed in the script?
-In the context of chromatography, 'ascending' refers to the direction of the solvent movement, which is from the bottom to the top, hence the term 'ascending' chromatography.
What is the role of gravity in the chromatography process as described in the script?
-Gravity plays a crucial role in the chromatography process by pulling the solvent upwards, allowing the mobile phase to move through the stationary phase.
What is the purpose of filter paper in the chromatography process described in the script?
-Filter paper is used to provide a medium for the solvent to move through and to separate the components of the mixture being tested during the chromatography process.
What is the term used for the initial line drawn on the filter paper in the script?
-The initial line drawn on the filter paper is referred to as the 'baseline' or 'front line' in the script.
What is the importance of the 'solvent' in the chromatography process?
-The solvent is important as it carries the different components of the mixture through the filter paper, allowing for the separation of these components based on their solubility.
What does the script suggest about the relationship between the type of solvent and the results of the chromatography?
-The script suggests that different solvents can yield different results in chromatography, and the choice of solvent can affect the separation of components.
What is the term used for the final product of the chromatography process in the script?
-The final product of the chromatography process is referred to as the 'chromatogram' in the script.
What is the significance of the term 'ascending order' in the context of the script?
-In the context of the script, 'ascending order' likely refers to the arrangement or the order in which the components are placed or appear on the chromatogram, starting from the top and moving downwards.
How does the script describe the preparation of the mixture for chromatography?
-The script describes the preparation of the mixture for chromatography as a process involving the mixing of various components, possibly including chlorophyll and carotenoids, to create a solution that will be tested using the chromatography process.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Chromatography Techniques

The script introduces various types of chromatographic techniques, focusing on ascending chromatography. It explains the process of moving the solvent upwards on the paper, which is likened to the movement of a mobile face from bottom to top. The importance of gravity in this technique is highlighted, as it always pulls things downwards, but in chromatography, the movement is from bottom to top. The script also touches on the use of filter paper and printer shifts in the chromatography process.

05:03

🔍 Detailed Process of Paper Chromatography

This paragraph delves deeper into the specifics of paper chromatography, discussing the use of different components and their mixing. It mentions the preparation of the mixture, the use of a printer to create a baseline, and the importance of the 'base line' in the process. The paragraph also covers the use of a chromatography tank and the concept of 'chromatographic time', which is crucial for the development of the chromatographic process. Additionally, it explains the use of a flip to observe the process and the need for a sealant to prevent evaporation.

10:03

🧪 Advanced Techniques and Solvent Usage in Chromatography

The script describes advanced chromatographic techniques and the use of solvents. It emphasizes the importance of using the correct amount of solvent and the challenges associated with it. The paragraph also discusses the use of different solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and cellulous, and the process of drying the paper to preserve the results. It mentions the potential for capillary action and the movement of liquid from bottom to top, which is crucial for the development of the chromatogram.

15:03

🌐 Final Steps and Considerations in Chromatography

This section outlines the final steps in the chromatography process, including the removal of the paper and the drying process. It discusses the observation of the results and the formation of dots and lines on the paper, which are indicative of the components separated by the technique. The paragraph also touches on the concept of 'ascending method' and 'descending method' in chromatography, explaining how the movement of the solvent affects the outcome.

20:06

🌡 Environmental Factors in Chromatography

The final paragraph highlights the importance of environmental factors in achieving successful chromatography. It mentions that the internal environment and temperature can significantly affect the results. The script suggests maintaining a controlled environment for the best outcomes and emphasizes the romantic aspect of keeping all the reagents close at hand during the process.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Ascending Chromatography

Ascending chromatography is a technique in paper chromatography where the solvent moves upward from the bottom to the top of the paper. It is crucial in separating different components of a mixture based on their affinity towards the stationary phase and the mobile phase. In the script, this technique is described as moving 'from bottom to top,' emphasizing its upward direction against gravity.

💡Descending Chromatography

Descending chromatography is a method where the solvent travels downwards along the paper. This technique contrasts with ascending chromatography, as it moves with gravity. The script briefly mentions descending chromatography as part of a general discussion on different types of paper chromatography.

💡Mobile Phase

The mobile phase in chromatography refers to the solvent that moves through the paper, carrying different components of the mixture with it. It is a crucial element that determines the separation process. The script highlights the role of the mobile phase moving from the bottom to the top in ascending chromatography.

💡Stationary Phase

The stationary phase is the medium through which the mobile phase moves, typically the paper in paper chromatography. It remains fixed while the mobile phase passes through it, facilitating the separation of components. The script mentions the stationary phase as the paper where different substances in the mixture adhere to varying degrees.

💡Mixture

A mixture in chromatography consists of multiple substances that need to be separated. Each component interacts differently with the stationary and mobile phases, leading to their separation. The script discusses how mixtures, like chlorophyll and carotenoids, are separated using paper chromatography.

💡Solvent

A solvent in chromatography is the liquid that acts as the mobile phase, dissolving the mixture and facilitating its movement along the paper. Different solvents can be used based on the properties of the components in the mixture. The script repeatedly refers to solvents as crucial elements in both ascending and descending chromatography.

💡Baseline

The baseline in paper chromatography is the initial line where the sample mixture is applied. It serves as the starting point for the separation process. The script mentions marking the baseline with a pencil to ensure accurate placement of the mixture.

💡Capillary Action

Capillary action is the process by which the solvent moves through the paper, driven by the adhesive and cohesive forces between the liquid and the paper. This phenomenon is essential for the upward movement of the solvent in ascending chromatography. The script refers to capillary action as the mechanism that enables the solvent to move against gravity.

💡Chromatogram

A chromatogram is the visual result of a chromatography experiment, showing the separated components of the mixture as distinct spots or bands. It represents the distribution of substances along the stationary phase. The script describes how, after the process, the chromatogram reveals the different separated components.

💡Filter Paper

Filter paper is used as the stationary phase in paper chromatography. It supports the separation process by holding the mixture and allowing the solvent to pass through. The script specifies using filter paper for preparing the baseline and placing the mixture for the chromatography process.

Highlights

Introduction to the three types of chromatography: ascending, descending, and depending chromatography.

Discussion on the technique of ascending chromatography, its setup, and the role of gravity in the process.

The importance of filter paper and its role in the chromatography process.

Explanation of the solvent movement from bottom to top in the chromatography process.

The use of a pencil to mark the baseline in chromatography.

Mention of different companies and their mixtures used in chromatography.

The process of preparing the chromatography tank and the significance of pre-wetting the paper.

The role of gravity in the movement of the solvent front in the chromatography paper.

Different solvents used in chromatography and their effects on the process.

The concept of non-polar solvents and their application in chromatography.

The use of specific techniques to control the movement of the solvent front.

The drying process of the chromatography paper and its importance for the final result.

The discussion on the selection of appropriate solvents based on the mixture components.

The impact of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity on chromatography.

The final result interpretation and the significance of the solvent front's position on the paper.

Practical applications of chromatography in various fields, including forensic and medical checks.

The importance of careful observation and recording during the chromatography process.

Transcripts

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